内容简介：Redis 内置客户端本文将对上述工具的其中一些进行介绍， 帮助大家初步地了解这些工具的基本用法。
Redis 内置客户端 redis-cli
通过 --cluster
选项集成了多个 Redis 集群管理工具，
这些 工具 可以执行创建集群、向集群中添加或移除节点、对集群实施重分片以及负载均衡等操作，
它们每一个都非常强大：
$ redis-cli --cluster help
Cluster Manager Commands:
create host1:port1 ... hostN:portN
--cluster-replicas <arg>
check host:port
info host:port
fix host:port
reshard host:port
--cluster-from <arg>
--cluster-to <arg>
--cluster-slots <arg>
--cluster-yes
--cluster-timeout <arg>
--cluster-pipeline <arg>
rebalance host:port
--cluster-weight <node1=w1...nodeN=wN>
--cluster-use-empty-masters
--cluster-timeout <arg>
--cluster-simulate
--cluster-pipeline <arg>
--cluster-threshold <arg>
add-node new_host:new_port existing_host:existing_port
--cluster-slave
--cluster-master-id <arg>
del-node host:port node_id
call host:port command arg arg .. arg
set-timeout host:port milliseconds
import host:port
--cluster-from <arg>
--cluster-copy
--cluster-replace
help
For check, fix, reshard, del-node, set-timeout you can specify the host and port of any working node in the cluster.
本文将对上述工具的其中一些进行介绍， 帮助大家初步地了解这些工具的基本用法。
创建集群的工作可以通过 create
命令来完成，
用户只需要给定各个节点的地址以及想要设置的从服务器数量即可。
比如说，
通过执行以下命令，
我们可以创建出一个由三个主节点和三个从节点组成的集群：
$ redis-cli --cluster create 127.0.0.1:30001 127.0.0.1:30002 127.0.0.1:30003 127.0.0.1:30004 127.0.0.1:30005 127.0.0.1:30006 --cluster-replicas 1 >>> Performing hash slots allocation on 6 nodes... Master[0] -> Slots 0 - 5460 Master[1] -> Slots 5461 - 10922 Master[2] -> Slots 10923 - 16383 Adding replica 127.0.0.1:30004 to 127.0.0.1:30001 Adding replica 127.0.0.1:30005 to 127.0.0.1:30002 Adding replica 127.0.0.1:30006 to 127.0.0.1:30003 >>> Trying to optimize slaves allocation for anti-affinity [WARNING] Some slaves are in the same host as their master M: 4979f8583676c46039672fb7319e917e4b303707 127.0.0.1:30001 slots:[0-5460] (5461 slots) master M: 4ff303d96f5c7436ce8ce2fa6e306272e82cd454 127.0.0.1:30002 slots:[5461-10922] (5462 slots) master M: 07e230805903e4e1657743a2e4d8811a59e2f32f 127.0.0.1:30003 slots:[10923-16383] (5461 slots) master S: 4788fd4d92387fc5d38a2cd12f0c0d80fc0f6609 127.0.0.1:30004 replicates 4979f8583676c46039672fb7319e917e4b303707 S: b45a7f4355ea733a3177b89654c10f9c31092e92 127.0.0.1:30005 replicates 4ff303d96f5c7436ce8ce2fa6e306272e82cd454 S: 7c56ffba63e3758bc4c2e9b6a55caf294bb21650 127.0.0.1:30006 replicates 07e230805903e4e1657743a2e4d8811a59e2f32f Can I set the above configuration? (type 'yes' to accept): yes >>> Nodes configuration updated >>> Assign a different config epoch to each node >>> Sending CLUSTER MEET messages to join the cluster Waiting for the cluster to join .. >>> Performing Cluster Check (using node 127.0.0.1:30001) M: 4979f8583676c46039672fb7319e917e4b303707 127.0.0.1:30001 slots:[0-5460] (5461 slots) master 1 additional replica(s) S: 4788fd4d92387fc5d38a2cd12f0c0d80fc0f6609 127.0.0.1:30004 slots: (0 slots) slave replicates 4979f8583676c46039672fb7319e917e4b303707 S: b45a7f4355ea733a3177b89654c10f9c31092e92 127.0.0.1:30005 slots: (0 slots) slave replicates 4ff303d96f5c7436ce8ce2fa6e306272e82cd454 S: 7c56ffba63e3758bc4c2e9b6a55caf294bb21650 127.0.0.1:30006 slots: (0 slots) slave replicates 07e230805903e4e1657743a2e4d8811a59e2f32f M: 4ff303d96f5c7436ce8ce2fa6e306272e82cd454 127.0.0.1:30002 slots:[5461-10922] (5462 slots) master 1 additional replica(s) M: 07e230805903e4e1657743a2e4d8811a59e2f32f 127.0.0.1:30003 slots:[10923-16383] (5461 slots) master 1 additional replica(s) [OK] All nodes agree about slots configuration. >>> Check for open slots... >>> Check slots coverage... [OK] All 16384 slots covered.
通过执行 info
命令，
用户可以看到集群包含的主从节点数量，
以及集群中的键、槽分布信息：
$ redis-cli --cluster info 127.0.0.1:30001 127.0.0.1:30001 (4979f858...) -> 1 keys | 5461 slots | 1 slaves. 127.0.0.1:30002 (4ff303d9...) -> 4 keys | 5462 slots | 1 slaves. 127.0.0.1:30003 (07e23080...) -> 3 keys | 5461 slots | 1 slaves. [OK] 8 keys in 3 masters. 0.00 keys per slot on average.
添加节点/移除节点
在拥有了集群之后，
用户就可以通过执行 add-node
命令或者 del-node
命令，
向集群里面添加新节点又或者移除已有的节点。
比如说， 通过执行以下命令， 我们可以把节点 30007 添加至集群当中：
redis-cli --cluster add-node 127.0.0.1:30007 127.0.0.1:30001 >>> Adding node 127.0.0.1:30007 to cluster 127.0.0.1:30001 >>> Performing Cluster Check (using node 127.0.0.1:30001) ... [OK] All nodes agree about slots configuration. >>> Check for open slots... >>> Check slots coverage... [OK] All 16384 slots covered. >>> Send CLUSTER MEET to node 127.0.0.1:30007 to make it join the cluster. [OK] New node added correctly.
又或者通过执行以下命令，
将 ID 为 e1971e...
的节点 30007 移出集群：
redis-cli --cluster del-node 127.0.0.1:30001 e1971eef02709cf4698a6fcb09935a910982ab3b >>> Removing node e1971eef02709cf4698a6fcb09935a910982ab3b from cluster 127.0.0.1:30001 >>> Sending CLUSTER FORGET messages to the cluster... >>> SHUTDOWN the node.
通过执行 reshard
命令，
用户可以将指定数量的槽从一个节点迁移至另一个节点。
比如说，
通过执行以下命令，
我们可以将 ID 为 4979f...
的节点 30001 目前负责的其中 10 个槽转交给 ID 为 1cd87d...
的节点 30007 负责：
$ redis-cli --cluster reshard 127.0.0.1:30001 --cluster-from 4979f8583676c46039672fb7319e917e4b303707 --cluster-to 1cd87d132101893b7aa2b81cf333b2f7be9e1b75 --cluster-slots 10
>>> Performing Cluster Check (using node 127.0.0.1:30001)
M: 4979f8583676c46039672fb7319e917e4b303707 127.0.0.1:30001
slots:[0-5460] (5461 slots) master
1 additional replica(s)
S: 4788fd4d92387fc5d38a2cd12f0c0d80fc0f6609 127.0.0.1:30004
slots: (0 slots) slave
replicates 4979f8583676c46039672fb7319e917e4b303707
S: b45a7f4355ea733a3177b89654c10f9c31092e92 127.0.0.1:30005
slots: (0 slots) slave
replicates 4ff303d96f5c7436ce8ce2fa6e306272e82cd454
M: 1cd87d132101893b7aa2b81cf333b2f7be9e1b75 127.0.0.1:30007
slots: (0 slots) master
S: 7c56ffba63e3758bc4c2e9b6a55caf294bb21650 127.0.0.1:30006
slots: (0 slots) slave
replicates 07e230805903e4e1657743a2e4d8811a59e2f32f
M: 4ff303d96f5c7436ce8ce2fa6e306272e82cd454 127.0.0.1:30002
slots:[5461-10922] (5462 slots) master
1 additional replica(s)
M: 07e230805903e4e1657743a2e4d8811a59e2f32f 127.0.0.1:30003
slots:[10923-16383] (5461 slots) master
1 additional replica(s)
[OK] All nodes agree about slots configuration.
>>> Check for open slots...
>>> Check slots coverage...
[OK] All 16384 slots covered.
Ready to move 10 slots.
Source nodes:
M: 4979f8583676c46039672fb7319e917e4b303707 127.0.0.1:30001
slots:[0-5460] (5461 slots) master
1 additional replica(s)
Destination node:
M: 1cd87d132101893b7aa2b81cf333b2f7be9e1b75 127.0.0.1:30007
slots: (0 slots) master
Resharding plan:
Moving slot 0 from 4979f8583676c46039672fb7319e917e4b303707
Moving slot 1 from 4979f8583676c46039672fb7319e917e4b303707
Moving slot 2 from 4979f8583676c46039672fb7319e917e4b303707
Moving slot 3 from 4979f8583676c46039672fb7319e917e4b303707
Moving slot 4 from 4979f8583676c46039672fb7319e917e4b303707
Moving slot 5 from 4979f8583676c46039672fb7319e917e4b303707
Moving slot 6 from 4979f8583676c46039672fb7319e917e4b303707
Moving slot 7 from 4979f8583676c46039672fb7319e917e4b303707
Moving slot 8 from 4979f8583676c46039672fb7319e917e4b303707
Moving slot 9 from 4979f8583676c46039672fb7319e917e4b303707
Do you want to proceed with the proposed reshard plan (yes/no)? yes
Moving slot 0 from 127.0.0.1:30001 to 127.0.0.1:30007:
Moving slot 1 from 127.0.0.1:30001 to 127.0.0.1:30007:
Moving slot 2 from 127.0.0.1:30001 to 127.0.0.1:30007:
Moving slot 3 from 127.0.0.1:30001 to 127.0.0.1:30007:
Moving slot 4 from 127.0.0.1:30001 to 127.0.0.1:30007:
Moving slot 5 from 127.0.0.1:30001 to 127.0.0.1:30007:
Moving slot 6 from 127.0.0.1:30001 to 127.0.0.1:30007:
Moving slot 7 from 127.0.0.1:30001 to 127.0.0.1:30007:
Moving slot 8 from 127.0.0.1:30001 to 127.0.0.1:30007:
Moving slot 9 from 127.0.0.1:30001 to 127.0.0.1:30007:
当集群中各个节点的槽配置趋于不均衡的时候，
各个节点负担的载荷就可能会出现区别，
并导致某些节点超负荷运行，
而某些节点则长时间空置。
为了解决这个问题，
用户可以通过执行 rebalance
命令，
让各个节点负责的槽数量重新回到平均状态。
比如说， 对于以下这个由三个节点组成， 并且三个节点分别负责 2000 、 11384 和 3000 个槽的集群来说：
$ redis-cli --cluster info 127.0.0.1:30001 127.0.0.1:30001 (61d1f17b...) -> 0 keys | 2000 slots | 1 slaves. 127.0.0.1:30002 (101fbae9...) -> 0 keys | 11384 slots | 1 slaves. 127.0.0.1:30003 (31822e0a...) -> 0 keys | 3000 slots | 1 slaves. [OK] 0 keys in 3 masters. 0.00 keys per slot on average.
我们可以通过执行以下命令来重新分配各个节点负责的槽：
$ redis-cli --cluster rebalance 127.0.0.1:30001 >>> Performing Cluster Check (using node 127.0.0.1:30001) [OK] All nodes agree about slots configuration. >>> Check for open slots... >>> Check slots coverage... [OK] All 16384 slots covered. >>> Rebalancing across 3 nodes. Total weight = 3.00 Moving 3462 slots from 127.0.0.1:30002 to 127.0.0.1:30001 #####...##### Moving 2461 slots from 127.0.0.1:30002 to 127.0.0.1:30003 #####...#####
在复杂均衡操作执行完毕之后， 集群各个节点负责的槽数量将趋于平均， 这样它们各自负担的载荷也会重新回到平均状态：
$ redis-cli --cluster info 127.0.0.1:30001 127.0.0.1:30001 (61d1f17b...) -> 0 keys | 5462 slots | 1 slaves. 127.0.0.1:30002 (101fbae9...) -> 0 keys | 5461 slots | 1 slaves. 127.0.0.1:30003 (31822e0a...) -> 0 keys | 5461 slots | 1 slaves. [OK] 0 keys in 3 masters. 0.00 keys per slot on average.
在集群的所有节点中执行命令
如果用户想要对集群中的所有节点执行同一个命令，
那么可以通过 call
命令来完成。
比如说，
通过执行以下命令，
用户就可以让集群中的每个节点都执行 DBSIZE
命令，
从而得到各个节点各自的数据库大小：
$ redis-cli --cluster call 127.0.0.1:30001 DBSIZE >>> Calling DBSIZE 127.0.0.1:30001: (integer) 0 127.0.0.1:30004: (integer) 0 127.0.0.1:30005: (integer) 3 127.0.0.1:30006: (integer) 0 127.0.0.1:30002: (integer) 3 127.0.0.1:30003: (integer) 0
好的，
关于 redis-cli --cluster
选项的简单介绍就到此结束了，
希望这些介绍可以帮助大家更好地了解到这些命令。
大家有兴趣的话，
也可以以此为起点，
更加深入地学习这些命令。
本文节选自尚未发布的《Redis使用教程》（ RedisGuide.com
），
大家有兴趣的话也可以关注一下本书，
里面有关于 redis-cli --cluster
工具更深入和更详细的介绍。
黄健宏
2018.11.21
以上所述就是小编给大家介绍的《Redis 集群管理常见操作一览》，希望对大家有所帮助，如果大家有任何疑问请给我留言，小编会及时回复大家的。在此也非常感谢大家对 码农网 的支持！
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