内容简介：nginx作为高效的http服务器和反向代理服务器，值得我们深入了解。我们带着几个问题，深入了解下nginx的工作原理。首先是开篇：nginx是如何启动的？nginx是用c写的软件，github地址:
nginx作为高效的http服务器和反向代理服务器，值得我们深入了解。
我们带着几个问题，深入了解下nginx的工作原理。首先是开篇：nginx是如何启动的？
nginx是用c写的软件，github地址: https://github.com/nginx/nginx
其目录结构如下，我们主要关注 src 目录下的文件。
nginx.c 是main函数入口，我们也是通过这里进行启动流程分析的。
零、启动流程时序图
我们先通过一个时序图进行全局观察nginx是如何跑起来的，然后后续再稍微深入了解些细节。
简要步骤说明：
1. 初始化调试信息;
2. 解析命令配置参数信息;
3. 初始化环境信息，时间、pid、ssl...;
4. 初始化 init_cycle 变量, 将各种配置信息放入其中;
5. 处理继承NGINX环境变量中指定的socket;
6. 给各处理模块编号;
7. 初始化全局变量 ngx_cycle, 将init_cycle信息转移过来，并处理许多其他必要信息;
8. 初始化信号控制处理器 signals;
9. 开启worker子进程循环服务，开启master主进程循环服务;
一、main函数启动处理实现
通过main函数呢，也就完全理解了整个过程了，整个运行框架都在这里了。细节看需要进行深入。
// src/core/nginx.c 入口
int ngx_cdecl
main(int argc, char *const *argv)
{
ngx_buf_t *b;
ngx_log_t *log;
ngx_uint_t i;
ngx_cycle_t *cycle, init_cycle;
ngx_conf_dump_t *cd;
ngx_core_conf_t *ccf;
ngx_debug_init();
// 初始化错误信息容器
if (ngx_strerror_init() != NGX_OK) {
return 1;
}
// 解析命令行参数，有限参数
if (ngx_get_options(argc, argv) != NGX_OK) {
return 1;
}
if (ngx_show_version) {
ngx_show_version_info();
if (!ngx_test_config) {
return 0;
}
}
/* TODO */ ngx_max_sockets = -1;
ngx_time_init();
#if (NGX_PCRE)
ngx_regex_init();
#endif
ngx_pid = ngx_getpid();
ngx_parent = ngx_getppid();
// 初始化日志文件实例
log = ngx_log_init(ngx_prefix);
if (log == NULL) {
return 1;
}
/* STUB */
#if (NGX_OPENSSL)
ngx_ssl_init(log);
#endif
/*
* init_cycle->log is required for signal handlers and
* ngx_process_options()
*/
ngx_memzero(&init_cycle, sizeof(ngx_cycle_t));
init_cycle.log = log;
// 将 ngx_cycle 和 init_cycle 指向同一块内存，以下对 init_cycle 的操作，也就是对 ngx_cycle的操作
ngx_cycle = &init_cycle;
init_cycle.pool = ngx_create_pool(1024, log);
if (init_cycle.pool == NULL) {
return 1;
}
// 保存命令行参数信息
if (ngx_save_argv(&init_cycle, argc, argv) != NGX_OK) {
return 1;
}
// 设置进程相关信息，如配置文件，日志级别，配置前缀等
if (ngx_process_options(&init_cycle) != NGX_OK) {
return 1;
}
// 初始化操作系统相关的参数, 如 cpu 核数, 进程标题，页缓存大小，随机数等
if (ngx_os_init(log) != NGX_OK) {
return 1;
}
/*
* ngx_crc32_table_init() requires ngx_cacheline_size set in ngx_os_init()
*/
// crc32 表初始化，内存分配
if (ngx_crc32_table_init() != NGX_OK) {
return 1;
}
/*
* ngx_slab_sizes_init() requires ngx_pagesize set in ngx_os_init()
*/
// slat 大小设置初始化
ngx_slab_sizes_init();
// 添加继承过来的socket, 用于无中断重启
if (ngx_add_inherited_sockets(&init_cycle) != NGX_OK) {
return 1;
}
// 设置 ngx_module 的索引值及名称
if (ngx_preinit_modules() != NGX_OK) {
return 1;
}
// 初始化 cycle 相关必须信息，如初始化各模块（重量级方法）
cycle = ngx_init_cycle(&init_cycle);
if (cycle == NULL) {
if (ngx_test_config) {
ngx_log_stderr(0, "configuration file %s test failed",
init_cycle.conf_file.data);
}
return 1;
}
// 测试结束
if (ngx_test_config) {
if (!ngx_quiet_mode) {
ngx_log_stderr(0, "configuration file %s test is successful",
cycle->conf_file.data);
}
if (ngx_dump_config) {
cd = cycle->config_dump.elts;
for (i = 0; i < cycle->config_dump.nelts; i++) {
ngx_write_stdout("# configuration file ");
(void) ngx_write_fd(ngx_stdout, cd[i].name.data,
cd[i].name.len);
ngx_write_stdout(":" NGX_LINEFEED);
b = cd[i].buffer;
(void) ngx_write_fd(ngx_stdout, b->pos, b->last - b->pos);
ngx_write_stdout(NGX_LINEFEED);
}
}
return 0;
}
// 如果是进行启停控制，则处理信号即可
if (ngx_signal) {
return ngx_signal_process(cycle, ngx_signal);
}
// 记录操作系统信息
// 日志级别先后: error > warn > notice > info > debug
ngx_os_status(cycle->log);
ngx_cycle = cycle;
ccf = (ngx_core_conf_t *) ngx_get_conf(cycle->conf_ctx, ngx_core_module);
if (ccf->master && ngx_process == NGX_PROCESS_SINGLE) {
ngx_process = NGX_PROCESS_MASTER;
}
#if !(NGX_WIN32)
// 初始化信号处理方法，针对 signals[] 中的方法进行调用注册
if (ngx_init_signals(cycle->log) != NGX_OK) {
return 1;
}
if (!ngx_inherited && ccf->daemon) {
// 如果使用后台进程运行，则 fork() 当前进程后退出
if (ngx_daemon(cycle->log) != NGX_OK) {
return 1;
}
ngx_daemonized = 1;
}
if (ngx_inherited) {
ngx_daemonized = 1;
}
#endif
// 创建进程pid文件,写入 ngx_pid
if (ngx_create_pidfile(&ccf->pid, cycle->log) != NGX_OK) {
return 1;
}
if (ngx_log_redirect_stderr(cycle) != NGX_OK) {
return 1;
}
if (log->file->fd != ngx_stderr) {
if (ngx_close_file(log->file->fd) == NGX_FILE_ERROR) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, cycle->log, ngx_errno,
ngx_close_file_n " built-in log failed");
}
}
ngx_use_stderr = 0;
if (ngx_process == NGX_PROCESS_SINGLE) {
ngx_single_process_cycle(cycle);
} else {
ngx_master_process_cycle(cycle);
}
return 0;
}
二、 命令行参数解析函数 ngx_get_options
解析命令行参数，让用户可以方便更改配置和控制nginx。没有啥复杂的，就是纯粹地按分割符将参数解析出来，放入全局的变量里，备后续的代码使用。简单看看即可。
// 解析命令行参数， -? -h -v -V -t -T -q -p -s
static ngx_int_t
ngx_get_options(int argc, char *const *argv)
{
u_char *p;
ngx_int_t i;
for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
p = (u_char *) argv[i];
if (*p++ != '-') {
ngx_log_stderr(0, "invalid option: \"%s\"", argv[i]);
return NGX_ERROR;
}
while (*p) {
switch (*p++) {
// -h -v -V -t -T -q 后面无参数
case '?':
case 'h':
ngx_show_version = 1;
ngx_show_help = 1;
break;
case 'v':
ngx_show_version = 1;
break;
case 'V':
ngx_show_version = 1;
ngx_show_configure = 1;
break;
case 't':
ngx_test_config = 1;
break;
case 'T':
ngx_test_config = 1;
ngx_dump_config = 1;
break;
case 'q':
ngx_quiet_mode = 1;
break;
// -p -c -g -s 后面必带参数
case 'p':
if (*p) {
ngx_prefix = p;
goto next;
}
if (argv[++i]) {
ngx_prefix = (u_char *) argv[i];
goto next;
}
ngx_log_stderr(0, "option \"-p\" requires directory name");
return NGX_ERROR;
// -c 指定配置文件
case 'c':
if (*p) {
ngx_conf_file = p;
goto next;
}
if (argv[++i]) {
ngx_conf_file = (u_char *) argv[i];
goto next;
}
ngx_log_stderr(0, "option \"-c\" requires file name");
return NGX_ERROR;
case 'g':
if (*p) {
ngx_conf_params = p;
goto next;
}
if (argv[++i]) {
ngx_conf_params = (u_char *) argv[i];
goto next;
}
ngx_log_stderr(0, "option \"-g\" requires parameter");
return NGX_ERROR;
// -s 服务启停控制
case 's':
if (*p) {
ngx_signal = (char *) p;
} else if (argv[++i]) {
ngx_signal = argv[i];
} else {
ngx_log_stderr(0, "option \"-s\" requires parameter");
return NGX_ERROR;
}
if (ngx_strcmp(ngx_signal, "stop") == 0
|| ngx_strcmp(ngx_signal, "quit") == 0
|| ngx_strcmp(ngx_signal, "reopen") == 0
|| ngx_strcmp(ngx_signal, "reload") == 0)
{
ngx_process = NGX_PROCESS_SIGNALLER;
goto next;
}
ngx_log_stderr(0, "invalid option: \"-s %s\"", ngx_signal);
return NGX_ERROR;
default:
ngx_log_stderr(0, "invalid option: \"%c\"", *(p - 1));
return NGX_ERROR;
}
}
next:
continue;
}
return NGX_OK;
}
三、继承socket信息
通过 NGINX 这个环境变量，可以获取到原来的nginx监听的socket信息，如果要进行优雅重启，那么把这些socket接管过来，继续处理即可实现无中断重启服务作用。
// nginx.c, 继承之前的socket信息，无中断式重启
static ngx_int_t
ngx_add_inherited_sockets(ngx_cycle_t *cycle)
{
u_char *p, *v, *inherited;
ngx_int_t s;
ngx_listening_t *ls;
inherited = (u_char *) getenv(NGINX_VAR);
if (inherited == NULL) {
return NGX_OK;
}
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_NOTICE, cycle->log, 0,
"using inherited sockets from \"%s\"", inherited);
if (ngx_array_init(&cycle->listening, cycle->pool, 10,
sizeof(ngx_listening_t))
!= NGX_OK)
{
return NGX_ERROR;
}
for (p = inherited, v = p; *p; p++) {
if (*p == ':' || *p == ';') {
s = ngx_atoi(v, p - v);
if (s == NGX_ERROR) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_EMERG, cycle->log, 0,
"invalid socket number \"%s\" in " NGINX_VAR
" environment variable, ignoring the rest"
" of the variable", v);
break;
}
v = p + 1;
// 添加到nginx的监听列表中
ls = ngx_array_push(&cycle->listening);
if (ls == NULL) {
return NGX_ERROR;
}
ngx_memzero(ls, sizeof(ngx_listening_t));
ls->fd = (ngx_socket_t) s;
}
}
if (v != p) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_EMERG, cycle->log, 0,
"invalid socket number \"%s\" in " NGINX_VAR
" environment variable, ignoring", v);
}
ngx_inherited = 1;
// 设置每个socket的详细配置信息，比如忽略无效的socket等等
return ngx_set_inherited_sockets(cycle);
}
// core/ngx_connection.c
ngx_int_t
ngx_set_inherited_sockets(ngx_cycle_t *cycle)
{
size_t len;
ngx_uint_t i;
ngx_listening_t *ls;
socklen_t olen;
#if (NGX_HAVE_DEFERRED_ACCEPT || NGX_HAVE_TCP_FASTOPEN)
ngx_err_t err;
#endif
#if (NGX_HAVE_DEFERRED_ACCEPT && defined SO_ACCEPTFILTER)
struct accept_filter_arg af;
#endif
#if (NGX_HAVE_DEFERRED_ACCEPT && defined TCP_DEFER_ACCEPT)
int timeout;
#endif
#if (NGX_HAVE_REUSEPORT)
int reuseport;
#endif
ls = cycle->listening.elts;
for (i = 0; i < cycle->listening.nelts; i++) {
ls[i].sockaddr = ngx_palloc(cycle->pool, sizeof(ngx_sockaddr_t));
if (ls[i].sockaddr == NULL) {
return NGX_ERROR;
}
ls[i].socklen = sizeof(ngx_sockaddr_t);
// 忽略无效的监听
if (getsockname(ls[i].fd, ls[i].sockaddr, &ls[i].socklen) == -1) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_CRIT, cycle->log, ngx_socket_errno,
"getsockname() of the inherited "
"socket #%d failed", ls[i].fd);
ls[i].ignore = 1;
continue;
}
if (ls[i].socklen > (socklen_t) sizeof(ngx_sockaddr_t)) {
ls[i].socklen = sizeof(ngx_sockaddr_t);
}
switch (ls[i].sockaddr->sa_family) {
#if (NGX_HAVE_INET6)
case AF_INET6:
ls[i].addr_text_max_len = NGX_INET6_ADDRSTRLEN;
len = NGX_INET6_ADDRSTRLEN + sizeof("[]:65535") - 1;
break;
#endif
#if (NGX_HAVE_UNIX_DOMAIN)
case AF_UNIX:
ls[i].addr_text_max_len = NGX_UNIX_ADDRSTRLEN;
len = NGX_UNIX_ADDRSTRLEN;
break;
#endif
case AF_INET:
ls[i].addr_text_max_len = NGX_INET_ADDRSTRLEN;
len = NGX_INET_ADDRSTRLEN + sizeof(":65535") - 1;
break;
default:
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_CRIT, cycle->log, ngx_socket_errno,
"the inherited socket #%d has "
"an unsupported protocol family", ls[i].fd);
ls[i].ignore = 1;
continue;
}
ls[i].addr_text.data = ngx_pnalloc(cycle->pool, len);
if (ls[i].addr_text.data == NULL) {
return NGX_ERROR;
}
len = ngx_sock_ntop(ls[i].sockaddr, ls[i].socklen,
ls[i].addr_text.data, len, 1);
if (len == 0) {
return NGX_ERROR;
}
ls[i].addr_text.len = len;
ls[i].backlog = NGX_LISTEN_BACKLOG;
olen = sizeof(int);
if (getsockopt(ls[i].fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_TYPE, (void *) &ls[i].type,
&olen)
== -1)
{
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_CRIT, cycle->log, ngx_socket_errno,
"getsockopt(SO_TYPE) %V failed", &ls[i].addr_text);
ls[i].ignore = 1;
continue;
}
olen = sizeof(int);
if (getsockopt(ls[i].fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, (void *) &ls[i].rcvbuf,
&olen)
== -1)
{
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, cycle->log, ngx_socket_errno,
"getsockopt(SO_RCVBUF) %V failed, ignored",
&ls[i].addr_text);
ls[i].rcvbuf = -1;
}
olen = sizeof(int);
if (getsockopt(ls[i].fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, (void *) &ls[i].sndbuf,
&olen)
== -1)
{
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, cycle->log, ngx_socket_errno,
"getsockopt(SO_SNDBUF) %V failed, ignored",
&ls[i].addr_text);
ls[i].sndbuf = -1;
}
#if 0
/* SO_SETFIB is currently a set only option */
#if (NGX_HAVE_SETFIB)
olen = sizeof(int);
if (getsockopt(ls[i].fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SETFIB,
(void *) &ls[i].setfib, &olen)
== -1)
{
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, cycle->log, ngx_socket_errno,
"getsockopt(SO_SETFIB) %V failed, ignored",
&ls[i].addr_text);
ls[i].setfib = -1;
}
#endif
#endif
#if (NGX_HAVE_REUSEPORT)
reuseport = 0;
olen = sizeof(int);
#ifdef SO_REUSEPORT_LB
if (getsockopt(ls[i].fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEPORT_LB,
(void *) &reuseport, &olen)
== -1)
{
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, cycle->log, ngx_socket_errno,
"getsockopt(SO_REUSEPORT_LB) %V failed, ignored",
&ls[i].addr_text);
} else {
ls[i].reuseport = reuseport ? 1 : 0;
}
#else
if (getsockopt(ls[i].fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEPORT,
(void *) &reuseport, &olen)
== -1)
{
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, cycle->log, ngx_socket_errno,
"getsockopt(SO_REUSEPORT) %V failed, ignored",
&ls[i].addr_text);
} else {
ls[i].reuseport = reuseport ? 1 : 0;
}
#endif
#endif
if (ls[i].type != SOCK_STREAM) {
continue;
}
#if (NGX_HAVE_TCP_FASTOPEN)
olen = sizeof(int);
if (getsockopt(ls[i].fd, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_FASTOPEN,
(void *) &ls[i].fastopen, &olen)
== -1)
{
err = ngx_socket_errno;
if (err != NGX_EOPNOTSUPP && err != NGX_ENOPROTOOPT
&& err != NGX_EINVAL)
{
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_NOTICE, cycle->log, err,
"getsockopt(TCP_FASTOPEN) %V failed, ignored",
&ls[i].addr_text);
}
ls[i].fastopen = -1;
}
#endif
#if (NGX_HAVE_DEFERRED_ACCEPT && defined SO_ACCEPTFILTER)
ngx_memzero(, sizeof(struct accept_filter_arg));
olen = sizeof(struct accept_filter_arg);
if (getsockopt(ls[i].fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_ACCEPTFILTER, , &olen)
== -1)
{
err = ngx_socket_errno;
if (err == NGX_EINVAL) {
continue;
}
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_NOTICE, cycle->log, err,
"getsockopt(SO_ACCEPTFILTER) for %V failed, ignored",
&ls[i].addr_text);
continue;
}
if (olen < sizeof(struct accept_filter_arg) || af.af_name[0] == '\0') {
continue;
}
ls[i].accept_filter = ngx_palloc(cycle->pool, 16);
if (ls[i].accept_filter == NULL) {
return NGX_ERROR;
}
(void) ngx_cpystrn((u_char *) ls[i].accept_filter,
(u_char *) af.af_name, 16);
#endif
#if (NGX_HAVE_DEFERRED_ACCEPT && defined TCP_DEFER_ACCEPT)
timeout = 0;
olen = sizeof(int);
if (getsockopt(ls[i].fd, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_DEFER_ACCEPT, &timeout, &olen)
== -1)
{
err = ngx_socket_errno;
if (err == NGX_EOPNOTSUPP) {
continue;
}
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_NOTICE, cycle->log, err,
"getsockopt(TCP_DEFER_ACCEPT) for %V failed, ignored",
&ls[i].addr_text);
continue;
}
if (olen < sizeof(int) || timeout == 0) {
continue;
}
ls[i].deferred_accept = 1;
#endif
}
return NGX_OK;
}
View Code
四、各模块的载入
在main函数中只有 ngx_preinit_modules, 该方法只会给各module做编号处理，而 ngx_load_module 则会查找外部定义好的模块信息。
// core/ngx_module.c
ngx_int_t
ngx_preinit_modules(void)
{
ngx_uint_t i;
// ngx_modules, ngx_module_names 这两个变量会在加载时初始化
for (i = 0; ngx_modules[i]; i++) {
ngx_modules[i]->index = i;
ngx_modules[i]->name = ngx_module_names[i];
}
ngx_modules_n = i;
// NGX_MAX_DYNAMIC_MODULES:128
ngx_max_module = ngx_modules_n + NGX_MAX_DYNAMIC_MODULES;
return NGX_OK;
}
// nginx.c
static char *
ngx_load_module(ngx_conf_t *cf, ngx_command_t *cmd, void *conf)
{
#if (NGX_HAVE_DLOPEN)
void *handle;
char **names, **order;
ngx_str_t *value, file;
ngx_uint_t i;
ngx_module_t *module, **modules;
ngx_pool_cleanup_t *cln;
if (cf->cycle->modules_used) {
return "is specified too late";
}
value = cf->args->elts;
file = value[1];
if (ngx_conf_full_name(cf->cycle, &file, 0) != NGX_OK) {
return NGX_CONF_ERROR;
}
cln = ngx_pool_cleanup_add(cf->cycle->pool, 0);
if (cln == NULL) {
return NGX_CONF_ERROR;
}
handle = ngx_dlopen(file.data);
if (handle == NULL) {
ngx_conf_log_error(NGX_LOG_EMERG, cf, 0,
ngx_dlopen_n " \"%s\" failed (%s)",
file.data, ngx_dlerror());
return NGX_CONF_ERROR;
}
cln->handler = ngx_unload_module;
cln->data = handle;
modules = ngx_dlsym(handle, "ngx_modules");
if (modules == NULL) {
ngx_conf_log_error(NGX_LOG_EMERG, cf, 0,
ngx_dlsym_n " \"%V\", \"%s\" failed (%s)",
&value[1], "ngx_modules", ngx_dlerror());
return NGX_CONF_ERROR;
}
names = ngx_dlsym(handle, "ngx_module_names");
if (names == NULL) {
ngx_conf_log_error(NGX_LOG_EMERG, cf, 0,
ngx_dlsym_n " \"%V\", \"%s\" failed (%s)",
&value[1], "ngx_module_names", ngx_dlerror());
return NGX_CONF_ERROR;
}
order = ngx_dlsym(handle, "ngx_module_order");
for (i = 0; modules[i]; i++) {
module = modules[i];
module->name = names[i];
if (ngx_add_module(cf, &file, module, order) != NGX_OK) {
return NGX_CONF_ERROR;
}
ngx_log_debug2(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_CORE, cf->log, 0, "module: %s i:%ui",
module->name, module->index);
}
return NGX_CONF_OK;
#else
ngx_conf_log_error(NGX_LOG_EMERG, cf, 0,
"\"load_module\" is not supported "
"on this platform");
return NGX_CONF_ERROR;
#endif
}
五、初始化全局控制变量 ngx_cycle
ngx_cycle 是一个nginx中的重量级变量，和 redis 中的server变量一样。里面存储着各种配置信息，初始化socket监听，各模块的调度方式等等。
// core/ngx_cycle.c 初始化cycle信息
ngx_cycle_t *
ngx_init_cycle(ngx_cycle_t *old_cycle)
{
void *rv;
char **senv;
ngx_uint_t i, n;
ngx_log_t *log;
ngx_time_t *tp;
ngx_conf_t conf;
ngx_pool_t *pool;
ngx_cycle_t *cycle, **old;
ngx_shm_zone_t *shm_zone, *oshm_zone;
ngx_list_part_t *part, *opart;
ngx_open_file_t *file;
ngx_listening_t *ls, *nls;
ngx_core_conf_t *ccf, *old_ccf;
ngx_core_module_t *module;
char hostname[NGX_MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
ngx_timezone_update();
/* force localtime update with a new timezone */
tp = ngx_timeofday();
tp->sec = 0;
ngx_time_update();
log = old_cycle->log;
pool = ngx_create_pool(NGX_CYCLE_POOL_SIZE, log);
if (pool == NULL) {
return NULL;
}
pool->log = log;
cycle = ngx_pcalloc(pool, sizeof(ngx_cycle_t));
if (cycle == NULL) {
ngx_destroy_pool(pool);
return NULL;
}
cycle->pool = pool;
cycle->log = log;
// 将old_cycle赋值到变量中，并依次将其中的各配置提取出来
cycle->old_cycle = old_cycle;
cycle->conf_prefix.len = old_cycle->conf_prefix.len;
cycle->conf_prefix.data = ngx_pstrdup(pool, &old_cycle->conf_prefix);
if (cycle->conf_prefix.data == NULL) {
ngx_destroy_pool(pool);
return NULL;
}
cycle->prefix.len = old_cycle->prefix.len;
cycle->prefix.data = ngx_pstrdup(pool, &old_cycle->prefix);
if (cycle->prefix.data == NULL) {
ngx_destroy_pool(pool);
return NULL;
}
cycle->conf_file.len = old_cycle->conf_file.len;
cycle->conf_file.data = ngx_pnalloc(pool, old_cycle->conf_file.len + 1);
if (cycle->conf_file.data == NULL) {
ngx_destroy_pool(pool);
return NULL;
}
ngx_cpystrn(cycle->conf_file.data, old_cycle->conf_file.data,
old_cycle->conf_file.len + 1);
cycle->conf_param.len = old_cycle->conf_param.len;
cycle->conf_param.data = ngx_pstrdup(pool, &old_cycle->conf_param);
if (cycle->conf_param.data == NULL) {
ngx_destroy_pool(pool);
return NULL;
}
n = old_cycle->paths.nelts ? old_cycle->paths.nelts : 10;
if (ngx_array_init(&cycle->paths, pool, n, sizeof(ngx_path_t *))
!= NGX_OK)
{
ngx_destroy_pool(pool);
return NULL;
}
ngx_memzero(cycle->paths.elts, n * sizeof(ngx_path_t *));
if (ngx_array_init(&cycle->config_dump, pool, 1, sizeof(ngx_conf_dump_t))
!= NGX_OK)
{
ngx_destroy_pool(pool);
return NULL;
}
ngx_rbtree_init(&cycle->config_dump_rbtree, &cycle->config_dump_sentinel,
ngx_str_rbtree_insert_value);
if (old_cycle->open_files.part.nelts) {
n = old_cycle->open_files.part.nelts;
for (part = old_cycle->open_files.part.next; part; part = part->next) {
n += part->nelts;
}
} else {
n = 20;
}
if (ngx_list_init(&cycle->open_files, pool, n, sizeof(ngx_open_file_t))
!= NGX_OK)
{
ngx_destroy_pool(pool);
return NULL;
}
if (old_cycle->shared_memory.part.nelts) {
n = old_cycle->shared_memory.part.nelts;
for (part = old_cycle->shared_memory.part.next; part; part = part->next)
{
n += part->nelts;
}
} else {
n = 1;
}
if (ngx_list_init(&cycle->shared_memory, pool, n, sizeof(ngx_shm_zone_t))
!= NGX_OK)
{
ngx_destroy_pool(pool);
return NULL;
}
n = old_cycle->listening.nelts ? old_cycle->listening.nelts : 10;
if (ngx_array_init(&cycle->listening, pool, n, sizeof(ngx_listening_t))
!= NGX_OK)
{
ngx_destroy_pool(pool);
return NULL;
}
ngx_memzero(cycle->listening.elts, n * sizeof(ngx_listening_t));
ngx_queue_init(&cycle->reusable_connections_queue);
cycle->conf_ctx = ngx_pcalloc(pool, ngx_max_module * sizeof(void *));
if (cycle->conf_ctx == NULL) {
ngx_destroy_pool(pool);
return NULL;
}
if (gethostname(hostname, NGX_MAXHOSTNAMELEN) == -1) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_EMERG, log, ngx_errno, "gethostname() failed");
ngx_destroy_pool(pool);
return NULL;
}
/* on Linux gethostname() silently truncates name that does not fit */
hostname[NGX_MAXHOSTNAMELEN - 1] = '\0';
cycle->hostname.len = ngx_strlen(hostname);
cycle->hostname.data = ngx_pnalloc(pool, cycle->hostname.len);
if (cycle->hostname.data == NULL) {
ngx_destroy_pool(pool);
return NULL;
}
ngx_strlow(cycle->hostname.data, (u_char *) hostname, cycle->hostname.len);
// 将 ngx_module 赋给 cycle->modules
if (ngx_cycle_modules(cycle) != NGX_OK) {
ngx_destroy_pool(pool);
return NULL;
}
// 调用各模块的 create_conf()
for (i = 0; cycle->modules[i]; i++) {
if (cycle->modules[i]->type != NGX_CORE_MODULE) {
continue;
}
module = cycle->modules[i]->ctx;
if (module->create_conf) {
rv = module->create_conf(cycle);
if (rv == NULL) {
ngx_destroy_pool(pool);
return NULL;
}
cycle->conf_ctx[cycle->modules[i]->index] = rv;
}
}
senv = environ;
ngx_memzero(&conf, sizeof(ngx_conf_t));
/* STUB: init array ? */
conf.args = ngx_array_create(pool, 10, sizeof(ngx_str_t));
if (conf.args == NULL) {
ngx_destroy_pool(pool);
return NULL;
}
conf.temp_pool = ngx_create_pool(NGX_CYCLE_POOL_SIZE, log);
if (conf.temp_pool == NULL) {
ngx_destroy_pool(pool);
return NULL;
}
conf.ctx = cycle->conf_ctx;
conf.cycle = cycle;
conf.pool = pool;
conf.log = log;
conf.module_type = NGX_CORE_MODULE;
conf.cmd_type = NGX_MAIN_CONF;
#if 0
log->log_level = NGX_LOG_DEBUG_ALL;
#endif
if (ngx_conf_param(&conf) != NGX_CONF_OK) {
environ = senv;
ngx_destroy_cycle_pools(&conf);
return NULL;
}
if (ngx_conf_parse(&conf, &cycle->conf_file) != NGX_CONF_OK) {
environ = senv;
ngx_destroy_cycle_pools(&conf);
return NULL;
}
if (ngx_test_config && !ngx_quiet_mode) {
ngx_log_stderr(0, "the configuration file %s syntax is ok",
cycle->conf_file.data);
}
// 调用各模块的 init_conf()
for (i = 0; cycle->modules[i]; i++) {
if (cycle->modules[i]->type != NGX_CORE_MODULE) {
continue;
}
module = cycle->modules[i]->ctx;
if (module->init_conf) {
if (module->init_conf(cycle,
cycle->conf_ctx[cycle->modules[i]->index])
== NGX_CONF_ERROR)
{
environ = senv;
ngx_destroy_cycle_pools(&conf);
return NULL;
}
}
}
if (ngx_process == NGX_PROCESS_SIGNALLER) {
return cycle;
}
ccf = (ngx_core_conf_t *) ngx_get_conf(cycle->conf_ctx, ngx_core_module);
if (ngx_test_config) {
if (ngx_create_pidfile(&ccf->pid, log) != NGX_OK) {
goto failed;
}
} else if (!ngx_is_init_cycle(old_cycle)) {
/*
* we do not create the pid file in the first ngx_init_cycle() call
* because we need to write the demonized process pid
*/
old_ccf = (ngx_core_conf_t *) ngx_get_conf(old_cycle->conf_ctx,
ngx_core_module);
if (ccf->pid.len != old_ccf->pid.len
|| ngx_strcmp(ccf->pid.data, old_ccf->pid.data) != 0)
{
/* new pid file name */
if (ngx_create_pidfile(&ccf->pid, log) != NGX_OK) {
goto failed;
}
ngx_delete_pidfile(old_cycle);
}
}
if (ngx_test_lockfile(cycle->lock_file.data, log) != NGX_OK) {
goto failed;
}
if (ngx_create_paths(cycle, ccf->user) != NGX_OK) {
goto failed;
}
if (ngx_log_open_default(cycle) != NGX_OK) {
goto failed;
}
/* open the new files */
part = &cycle->open_files.part;
file = part->elts;
for (i = 0; /* void */ ; i++) {
if (i >= part->nelts) {
if (part->next == NULL) {
break;
}
part = part->next;
file = part->elts;
i = 0;
}
if (file[i].name.len == 0) {
continue;
}
file[i].fd = ngx_open_file(file[i].name.data,
NGX_FILE_APPEND,
NGX_FILE_CREATE_OR_OPEN,
NGX_FILE_DEFAULT_ACCESS);
ngx_log_debug3(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_CORE, log, 0,
"log: %p %d \"%s\"",
&file[i], file[i].fd, file[i].name.data);
if (file[i].fd == NGX_INVALID_FILE) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_EMERG, log, ngx_errno,
ngx_open_file_n " \"%s\" failed",
file[i].name.data);
goto failed;
}
#if !(NGX_WIN32)
if (fcntl(file[i].fd, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC) == -1) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_EMERG, log, ngx_errno,
"fcntl(FD_CLOEXEC) \"%s\" failed",
file[i].name.data);
goto failed;
}
#endif
}
cycle->log = &cycle->new_log;
pool->log = &cycle->new_log;
/* create shared memory */
part = &cycle->shared_memory.part;
shm_zone = part->elts;
for (i = 0; /* void */ ; i++) {
if (i >= part->nelts) {
if (part->next == NULL) {
break;
}
part = part->next;
shm_zone = part->elts;
i = 0;
}
if (shm_zone[i].shm.size == 0) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_EMERG, log, 0,
"zero size shared memory zone \"%V\"",
&shm_zone[i].shm.name);
goto failed;
}
shm_zone[i].shm.log = cycle->log;
opart = &old_cycle->shared_memory.part;
oshm_zone = opart->elts;
for (n = 0; /* void */ ; n++) {
if (n >= opart->nelts) {
if (opart->next == NULL) {
break;
}
opart = opart->next;
oshm_zone = opart->elts;
n = 0;
}
if (shm_zone[i].shm.name.len != oshm_zone[n].shm.name.len) {
continue;
}
if (ngx_strncmp(shm_zone[i].shm.name.data,
oshm_zone[n].shm.name.data,
shm_zone[i].shm.name.len)
!= 0)
{
continue;
}
if (shm_zone[i].tag == oshm_zone[n].tag
&& shm_zone[i].shm.size == oshm_zone[n].shm.size
&& !shm_zone[i].noreuse)
{
shm_zone[i].shm.addr = oshm_zone[n].shm.addr;
#if (NGX_WIN32)
shm_zone[i].shm.handle = oshm_zone[n].shm.handle;
#endif
if (shm_zone[i].init(&shm_zone[i], oshm_zone[n].data)
!= NGX_OK)
{
goto failed;
}
goto shm_zone_found;
}
break;
}
if (ngx_shm_alloc(&shm_zone[i].shm) != NGX_OK) {
goto failed;
}
if (ngx_init_zone_pool(cycle, &shm_zone[i]) != NGX_OK) {
goto failed;
}
if (shm_zone[i].init(&shm_zone[i], NULL) != NGX_OK) {
goto failed;
}
shm_zone_found:
continue;
}
/* handle the listening sockets */
if (old_cycle->listening.nelts) {
ls = old_cycle->listening.elts;
for (i = 0; i < old_cycle->listening.nelts; i++) {
ls[i].remain = 0;
}
nls = cycle->listening.elts;
for (n = 0; n < cycle->listening.nelts; n++) {
for (i = 0; i < old_cycle->listening.nelts; i++) {
if (ls[i].ignore) {
continue;
}
if (ls[i].remain) {
continue;
}
if (ls[i].type != nls[n].type) {
continue;
}
if (ngx_cmp_sockaddr(nls[n].sockaddr, nls[n].socklen,
ls[i].sockaddr, ls[i].socklen, 1)
== NGX_OK)
{
nls[n].fd = ls[i].fd;
nls[n].previous = &ls[i];
ls[i].remain = 1;
if (ls[i].backlog != nls[n].backlog) {
nls[n].listen = 1;
}
#if (NGX_HAVE_DEFERRED_ACCEPT && defined SO_ACCEPTFILTER)
/*
* FreeBSD, except the most recent versions,
* could not remove accept filter
*/
nls[n].deferred_accept = ls[i].deferred_accept;
if (ls[i].accept_filter && nls[n].accept_filter) {
if (ngx_strcmp(ls[i].accept_filter,
nls[n].accept_filter)
!= 0)
{
nls[n].delete_deferred = 1;
nls[n].add_deferred = 1;
}
} else if (ls[i].accept_filter) {
nls[n].delete_deferred = 1;
} else if (nls[n].accept_filter) {
nls[n].add_deferred = 1;
}
#endif
#if (NGX_HAVE_DEFERRED_ACCEPT && defined TCP_DEFER_ACCEPT)
if (ls[i].deferred_accept && !nls[n].deferred_accept) {
nls[n].delete_deferred = 1;
} else if (ls[i].deferred_accept != nls[n].deferred_accept)
{
nls[n].add_deferred = 1;
}
#endif
#if (NGX_HAVE_REUSEPORT)
if (nls[n].reuseport && !ls[i].reuseport) {
nls[n].add_reuseport = 1;
}
#endif
break;
}
}
if (nls[n].fd == (ngx_socket_t) -1) {
nls[n].open = 1;
#if (NGX_HAVE_DEFERRED_ACCEPT && defined SO_ACCEPTFILTER)
if (nls[n].accept_filter) {
nls[n].add_deferred = 1;
}
#endif
#if (NGX_HAVE_DEFERRED_ACCEPT && defined TCP_DEFER_ACCEPT)
if (nls[n].deferred_accept) {
nls[n].add_deferred = 1;
}
#endif
}
}
} else {
ls = cycle->listening.elts;
for (i = 0; i < cycle->listening.nelts; i++) {
ls[i].open = 1;
#if (NGX_HAVE_DEFERRED_ACCEPT && defined SO_ACCEPTFILTER)
if (ls[i].accept_filter) {
ls[i].add_deferred = 1;
}
#endif
#if (NGX_HAVE_DEFERRED_ACCEPT && defined TCP_DEFER_ACCEPT)
if (ls[i].deferred_accept) {
ls[i].add_deferred = 1;
}
#endif
}
}
// 开启socket监听，主要调用 socket(), bind(), listen() 等方法实现
if (ngx_open_listening_sockets(cycle) != NGX_OK) {
goto failed;
}
if (!ngx_test_config) {
// 配置socket 监听相关属性
ngx_configure_listening_sockets(cycle);
}
/* commit the new cycle configuration */
if (!ngx_use_stderr) {
(void) ngx_log_redirect_stderr(cycle);
}
pool->log = cycle->log;
// 调用各模块的 init_module() 方法，让模块初始化各自信息
if (ngx_init_modules(cycle) != NGX_OK) {
/* fatal */
exit(1);
}
/* close and delete stuff that lefts from an old cycle */
/* free the unnecessary shared memory */
opart = &old_cycle->shared_memory.part;
oshm_zone = opart->elts;
for (i = 0; /* void */ ; i++) {
if (i >= opart->nelts) {
if (opart->next == NULL) {
goto old_shm_zone_done;
}
opart = opart->next;
oshm_zone = opart->elts;
i = 0;
}
part = &cycle->shared_memory.part;
shm_zone = part->elts;
for (n = 0; /* void */ ; n++) {
if (n >= part->nelts) {
if (part->next == NULL) {
break;
}
part = part->next;
shm_zone = part->elts;
n = 0;
}
if (oshm_zone[i].shm.name.len != shm_zone[n].shm.name.len) {
continue;
}
if (ngx_strncmp(oshm_zone[i].shm.name.data,
shm_zone[n].shm.name.data,
oshm_zone[i].shm.name.len)
!= 0)
{
continue;
}
if (oshm_zone[i].tag == shm_zone[n].tag
&& oshm_zone[i].shm.size == shm_zone[n].shm.size
&& !oshm_zone[i].noreuse)
{
goto live_shm_zone;
}
break;
}
ngx_shm_free(&oshm_zone[i].shm);
live_shm_zone:
continue;
}
old_shm_zone_done:
/* close the unnecessary listening sockets */
ls = old_cycle->listening.elts;
for (i = 0; i < old_cycle->listening.nelts; i++) {
if (ls[i].remain || ls[i].fd == (ngx_socket_t) -1) {
continue;
}
if (ngx_close_socket(ls[i].fd) == -1) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_EMERG, log, ngx_socket_errno,
ngx_close_socket_n " listening socket on %V failed",
&ls[i].addr_text);
}
#if (NGX_HAVE_UNIX_DOMAIN)
if (ls[i].sockaddr->sa_family == AF_UNIX) {
u_char *name;
name = ls[i].addr_text.data + sizeof("unix:") - 1;
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_WARN, cycle->log, 0,
"deleting socket %s", name);
if (ngx_delete_file(name) == NGX_FILE_ERROR) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_EMERG, cycle->log, ngx_socket_errno,
ngx_delete_file_n " %s failed", name);
}
}
#endif
}
/* close the unnecessary open files */
part = &old_cycle->open_files.part;
file = part->elts;
for (i = 0; /* void */ ; i++) {
if (i >= part->nelts) {
if (part->next == NULL) {
break;
}
part = part->next;
file = part->elts;
i = 0;
}
if (file[i].fd == NGX_INVALID_FILE || file[i].fd == ngx_stderr) {
continue;
}
if (ngx_close_file(file[i].fd) == NGX_FILE_ERROR) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_EMERG, log, ngx_errno,
ngx_close_file_n " \"%s\" failed",
file[i].name.data);
}
}
ngx_destroy_pool(conf.temp_pool);
if (ngx_process == NGX_PROCESS_MASTER || ngx_is_init_cycle(old_cycle)) {
ngx_destroy_pool(old_cycle->pool);
cycle->old_cycle = NULL;
return cycle;
}
if (ngx_temp_pool == NULL) {
ngx_temp_pool = ngx_create_pool(128, cycle->log);
if (ngx_temp_pool == NULL) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_EMERG, cycle->log, 0,
"could not create ngx_temp_pool");
exit(1);
}
n = 10;
if (ngx_array_init(&ngx_old_cycles, ngx_temp_pool, n,
sizeof(ngx_cycle_t *))
!= NGX_OK)
{
exit(1);
}
ngx_memzero(ngx_old_cycles.elts, n * sizeof(ngx_cycle_t *));
ngx_cleaner_event.handler = ngx_clean_old_cycles;
ngx_cleaner_event.log = cycle->log;
ngx_cleaner_event.data = &dumb;
dumb.fd = (ngx_socket_t) -1;
}
ngx_temp_pool->log = cycle->log;
old = ngx_array_push(&ngx_old_cycles);
if (old == NULL) {
exit(1);
}
*old = old_cycle;
if (!ngx_cleaner_event.timer_set) {
ngx_add_timer(&ngx_cleaner_event, 30000);
ngx_cleaner_event.timer_set = 1;
}
// 正常返回初始化好的 cycle
return cycle;
failed:
if (!ngx_is_init_cycle(old_cycle)) {
old_ccf = (ngx_core_conf_t *) ngx_get_conf(old_cycle->conf_ctx,
ngx_core_module);
if (old_ccf->environment) {
environ = old_ccf->environment;
}
}
/* rollback the new cycle configuration */
part = &cycle->open_files.part;
file = part->elts;
for (i = 0; /* void */ ; i++) {
if (i >= part->nelts) {
if (part->next == NULL) {
break;
}
part = part->next;
file = part->elts;
i = 0;
}
if (file[i].fd == NGX_INVALID_FILE || file[i].fd == ngx_stderr) {
continue;
}
if (ngx_close_file(file[i].fd) == NGX_FILE_ERROR) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_EMERG, log, ngx_errno,
ngx_close_file_n " \"%s\" failed",
file[i].name.data);
}
}
/* free the newly created shared memory */
part = &cycle->shared_memory.part;
shm_zone = part->elts;
for (i = 0; /* void */ ; i++) {
if (i >= part->nelts) {
if (part->next == NULL) {
break;
}
part = part->next;
shm_zone = part->elts;
i = 0;
}
if (shm_zone[i].shm.addr == NULL) {
continue;
}
opart = &old_cycle->shared_memory.part;
oshm_zone = opart->elts;
for (n = 0; /* void */ ; n++) {
if (n >= opart->nelts) {
if (opart->next == NULL) {
break;
}
opart = opart->next;
oshm_zone = opart->elts;
n = 0;
}
if (shm_zone[i].shm.name.len != oshm_zone[n].shm.name.len) {
continue;
}
if (ngx_strncmp(shm_zone[i].shm.name.data,
oshm_zone[n].shm.name.data,
shm_zone[i].shm.name.len)
!= 0)
{
continue;
}
if (shm_zone[i].tag == oshm_zone[n].tag
&& shm_zone[i].shm.size == oshm_zone[n].shm.size
&& !shm_zone[i].noreuse)
{
goto old_shm_zone_found;
}
break;
}
ngx_shm_free(&shm_zone[i].shm);
old_shm_zone_found:
continue;
}
if (ngx_test_config) {
ngx_destroy_cycle_pools(&conf);
return NULL;
}
ls = cycle->listening.elts;
for (i = 0; i < cycle->listening.nelts; i++) {
if (ls[i].fd == (ngx_socket_t) -1 || !ls[i].open) {
continue;
}
if (ngx_close_socket(ls[i].fd) == -1) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_EMERG, log, ngx_socket_errno,
ngx_close_socket_n " %V failed",
&ls[i].addr_text);
}
}
ngx_destroy_cycle_pools(&conf);
return NULL;
}
六、处理发送给nginx的控制信号
针对 nginx -s stop|reload 等信号时，nginx是如何处理的呢？实际上，它只会运行到 ngx_signal_process(), 向原有的nginx进程发送相应的kill命令就返回了。
// ngx_cycle.c, 处理信号
ngx_int_t
ngx_signal_process(ngx_cycle_t *cycle, char *sig)
{
ssize_t n;
ngx_pid_t pid;
ngx_file_t file;
ngx_core_conf_t *ccf;
u_char buf[NGX_INT64_LEN + 2];
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_NOTICE, cycle->log, 0, "signal process started");
// 根据下标获取 core_module 配置信息
ccf = (ngx_core_conf_t *) ngx_get_conf(cycle->conf_ctx, ngx_core_module);
ngx_memzero(&file, sizeof(ngx_file_t));
file.name = ccf->pid;
file.log = cycle->log;
file.fd = ngx_open_file(file.name.data, NGX_FILE_RDONLY,
NGX_FILE_OPEN, NGX_FILE_DEFAULT_ACCESS);
if (file.fd == NGX_INVALID_FILE) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ERR, cycle->log, ngx_errno,
ngx_open_file_n " \"%s\" failed", file.name.data);
return 1;
}
n = ngx_read_file(&file, buf, NGX_INT64_LEN + 2, 0);
if (ngx_close_file(file.fd) == NGX_FILE_ERROR) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, cycle->log, ngx_errno,
ngx_close_file_n " \"%s\" failed", file.name.data);
}
if (n == NGX_ERROR) {
return 1;
}
while (n-- && (buf[n] == CR || buf[n] == LF)) { /* void */ }
pid = ngx_atoi(buf, ++n);
if (pid == (ngx_pid_t) NGX_ERROR) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ERR, cycle->log, 0,
"invalid PID number \"%*s\" in \"%s\"",
n, buf, file.name.data);
return 1;
}
// 根据 sig 处理pid 进程状态
return ngx_os_signal_process(cycle, sig, pid);
}
ngx_int_t
ngx_os_signal_process(ngx_cycle_t *cycle, char *name, ngx_pid_t pid)
{
ngx_signal_t *sig;
// 遍历所有的 signals, 找到匹配的方法后响应
for (sig = signals; sig->signo != 0; sig++) {
if (ngx_strcmp(name, sig->name) == 0) {
// 操作系统只进行 kill 调用即可
// 而该命令会被正运行的master进程接收到，做后续处理。
if (kill(pid, sig->signo) != -1) {
return 0;
}
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, cycle->log, ngx_errno,
"kill(%P, %d) failed", pid, sig->signo);
}
}
return 1;
}
// nginx 定义的各种signal
typedef struct {
int signo;
char *signame;
char *name;
void (*handler)(int signo, siginfo_t *siginfo, void *ucontext);
} ngx_signal_t;
// os/unix/ngx_process.c
ngx_signal_t signals[] = {
{ ngx_signal_value(NGX_RECONFIGURE_SIGNAL), /* signo SIGHUP */
"SIG" ngx_value(NGX_RECONFIGURE_SIGNAL), /* *signame */
"reload", /* *name */
ngx_signal_handler }, /* *handler */
{ ngx_signal_value(NGX_REOPEN_SIGNAL), /* signo SIGINFO */
"SIG" ngx_value(NGX_REOPEN_SIGNAL),
"reopen",
ngx_signal_handler },
{ ngx_signal_value(NGX_NOACCEPT_SIGNAL),
"SIG" ngx_value(NGX_NOACCEPT_SIGNAL),
"",
ngx_signal_handler },
{ ngx_signal_value(NGX_TERMINATE_SIGNAL), /* signo SIGTERM */
"SIG" ngx_value(NGX_TERMINATE_SIGNAL),
"stop",
ngx_signal_handler },
{ ngx_signal_value(NGX_SHUTDOWN_SIGNAL), /* signo SIGQUIT */
"SIG" ngx_value(NGX_SHUTDOWN_SIGNAL),
"quit",
ngx_signal_handler },
{ ngx_signal_value(NGX_CHANGEBIN_SIGNAL),
"SIG" ngx_value(NGX_CHANGEBIN_SIGNAL),
"",
ngx_signal_handler },
{ SIGALRM, "SIGALRM", "", ngx_signal_handler },
{ SIGINT, "SIGINT", "", ngx_signal_handler },
{ SIGIO, "SIGIO", "", ngx_signal_handler },
{ SIGCHLD, "SIGCHLD", "", ngx_signal_handler },
{ SIGSYS, "SIGSYS, SIG_IGN", "", NULL },
{ SIGPIPE, "SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN", "", NULL },
{ 0, NULL, "", NULL }
};
七、master循环服务与worker进程循环服务
main方法运行到最后，一定是以死循环的形式呈现服务的。而 ngx_master_process_cycle 则是处理这两个事情的函数。其主要作用就是，根据配置参数启动worker进程并进入循环服务，自身以master进程地形式运行循环服务。
// os/unix/ngx_process_cycle.c, 主循环服务
void
ngx_master_process_cycle(ngx_cycle_t *cycle)
{
char *title;
u_char *p;
size_t size;
ngx_int_t i;
ngx_uint_t n, sigio;
sigset_t set;
struct itimerval itv;
ngx_uint_t live;
ngx_msec_t delay;
ngx_listening_t *ls;
ngx_core_conf_t *ccf;
sigemptyset(&set);
sigaddset(&set, SIGCHLD);
sigaddset(&set, SIGALRM);
sigaddset(&set, SIGIO);
sigaddset(&set, SIGINT);
sigaddset(&set, ngx_signal_value(NGX_RECONFIGURE_SIGNAL));
sigaddset(&set, ngx_signal_value(NGX_REOPEN_SIGNAL));
sigaddset(&set, ngx_signal_value(NGX_NOACCEPT_SIGNAL));
sigaddset(&set, ngx_signal_value(NGX_TERMINATE_SIGNAL));
sigaddset(&set, ngx_signal_value(NGX_SHUTDOWN_SIGNAL));
sigaddset(&set, ngx_signal_value(NGX_CHANGEBIN_SIGNAL));
if (sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &set, NULL) == -1) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, cycle->log, ngx_errno,
"sigprocmask() failed");
}
sigemptyset(&set);
// master process
size = sizeof(master_process);
for (i = 0; i < ngx_argc; i++) {
size += ngx_strlen(ngx_argv[i]) + 1;
}
title = ngx_pnalloc(cycle->pool, size);
if (title == NULL) {
/* fatal */
exit(2);
}
p = ngx_cpymem(title, master_process, sizeof(master_process) - 1);
for (i = 0; i < ngx_argc; i++) {
*p++ = ' ';
p = ngx_cpystrn(p, (u_char *) ngx_argv[i], size);
}
ngx_setproctitle(title);
ccf = (ngx_core_conf_t *) ngx_get_conf(cycle->conf_ctx, ngx_core_module);
// 开启请求处理子进程 "worker process"
ngx_start_worker_processes(cycle, ccf->worker_processes,
NGX_PROCESS_RESPAWN);
// 开启管理进程 "cache manager" / "cache loader"
ngx_start_cache_manager_processes(cycle, 0);
ngx_new_binary = 0;
delay = 0;
sigio = 0;
live = 1;
// master 进程主循环服务
// 监听外部各种控制信号
for ( ;; ) {
if (delay) {
if (ngx_sigalrm) {
sigio = 0;
delay *= 2;
ngx_sigalrm = 0;
}
ngx_log_debug1(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_EVENT, cycle->log, 0,
"termination cycle: %M", delay);
itv.it_interval.tv_sec = 0;
itv.it_interval.tv_usec = 0;
itv.it_value.tv_sec = delay / 1000;
itv.it_value.tv_usec = (delay % 1000 ) * 1000;
if (setitimer(ITIMER_REAL, &itv, NULL) == -1) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, cycle->log, ngx_errno,
"setitimer() failed");
}
}
ngx_log_debug0(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_EVENT, cycle->log, 0, "sigsuspend");
sigsuspend(&set);
ngx_time_update();
ngx_log_debug1(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_EVENT, cycle->log, 0,
"wake up, sigio %i", sigio);
if (ngx_reap) {
ngx_reap = 0;
ngx_log_debug0(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_EVENT, cycle->log, 0, "reap children");
live = ngx_reap_children(cycle);
}
// master 进程退出，删除pid文件，关闭socket监听等等
if (!live && (ngx_terminate || ngx_quit)) {
ngx_master_process_exit(cycle);
}
if (ngx_terminate) {
if (delay == 0) {
delay = 50;
}
if (sigio) {
sigio--;
continue;
}
sigio = ccf->worker_processes + 2 /* cache processes */;
// 通知子进程进行关闭处理
if (delay > 1000) {
ngx_signal_worker_processes(cycle, SIGKILL);
} else {
ngx_signal_worker_processes(cycle,
ngx_signal_value(NGX_TERMINATE_SIGNAL));
}
continue;
}
if (ngx_quit) {
ngx_signal_worker_processes(cycle,
ngx_signal_value(NGX_SHUTDOWN_SIGNAL));
ls = cycle->listening.elts;
for (n = 0; n < cycle->listening.nelts; n++) {
if (ngx_close_socket(ls[n].fd) == -1) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_EMERG, cycle->log, ngx_socket_errno,
ngx_close_socket_n " %V failed",
&ls[n].addr_text);
}
}
cycle->listening.nelts = 0;
continue;
}
// 重启nginx服务
if (ngx_reconfigure) {
ngx_reconfigure = 0;
// new_binary
if (ngx_new_binary) {
ngx_start_worker_processes(cycle, ccf->worker_processes,
NGX_PROCESS_RESPAWN);
ngx_start_cache_manager_processes(cycle, 0);
ngx_noaccepting = 0;
continue;
}
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_NOTICE, cycle->log, 0, "reconfiguring");
// 重新初始化 cycle 信息
cycle = ngx_init_cycle(cycle);
if (cycle == NULL) {
cycle = (ngx_cycle_t *) ngx_cycle;
continue;
}
// 重启子进程
ngx_cycle = cycle;
ccf = (ngx_core_conf_t *) ngx_get_conf(cycle->conf_ctx,
ngx_core_module);
ngx_start_worker_processes(cycle, ccf->worker_processes,
NGX_PROCESS_JUST_RESPAWN);
ngx_start_cache_manager_processes(cycle, 1);
/* allow new processes to start */
ngx_msleep(100);
live = 1;
ngx_signal_worker_processes(cycle,
ngx_signal_value(NGX_SHUTDOWN_SIGNAL));
}
if (ngx_restart) {
ngx_restart = 0;
ngx_start_worker_processes(cycle, ccf->worker_processes,
NGX_PROCESS_RESPAWN);
ngx_start_cache_manager_processes(cycle, 0);
live = 1;
}
if (ngx_reopen) {
ngx_reopen = 0;
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_NOTICE, cycle->log, 0, "reopening logs");
ngx_reopen_files(cycle, ccf->user);
ngx_signal_worker_processes(cycle,
ngx_signal_value(NGX_REOPEN_SIGNAL));
}
if (ngx_change_binary) {
ngx_change_binary = 0;
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_NOTICE, cycle->log, 0, "changing binary");
ngx_new_binary = ngx_exec_new_binary(cycle, ngx_argv);
}
if (ngx_noaccept) {
ngx_noaccept = 0;
ngx_noaccepting = 1;
ngx_signal_worker_processes(cycle,
ngx_signal_value(NGX_SHUTDOWN_SIGNAL));
}
}
}
// ngx_process_cycle.c, 依据配置信息，开启子进程循环服务
static void
ngx_start_worker_processes(ngx_cycle_t *cycle, ngx_int_t n, ngx_int_t type)
{
ngx_int_t i;
ngx_channel_t ch;
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_NOTICE, cycle->log, 0, "start worker processes");
ngx_memzero(&ch, sizeof(ngx_channel_t));
ch.command = NGX_CMD_OPEN_CHANNEL;
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
// 创建子进程，然后运行 ngx_worker_process_cycle 逻辑
ngx_spawn_process(cycle, ngx_worker_process_cycle,
(void *) (intptr_t) i, "worker process", type);
ch.pid = ngx_processes[ngx_process_slot].pid;
ch.slot = ngx_process_slot;
ch.fd = ngx_processes[ngx_process_slot].channel[0];
ngx_pass_open_channel(cycle, &ch);
}
}
// ngx_process.c, 创建子进程
ngx_pid_t
ngx_spawn_process(ngx_cycle_t *cycle, ngx_spawn_proc_pt proc, void *data,
char *name, ngx_int_t respawn)
{
u_long on;
ngx_pid_t pid;
ngx_int_t s;
if (respawn >= 0) {
s = respawn;
} else {
for (s = 0; s < ngx_last_process; s++) {
if (ngx_processes[s].pid == -1) {
break;
}
}
if (s == NGX_MAX_PROCESSES) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, cycle->log, 0,
"no more than %d processes can be spawned",
NGX_MAX_PROCESSES);
return NGX_INVALID_PID;
}
}
if (respawn != NGX_PROCESS_DETACHED) {
/* Solaris 9 still has no AF_LOCAL */
if (socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, ngx_processes[s].channel) == -1)
{
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, cycle->log, ngx_errno,
"socketpair() failed while spawning \"%s\"", name);
return NGX_INVALID_PID;
}
ngx_log_debug2(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_CORE, cycle->log, 0,
"channel %d:%d",
ngx_processes[s].channel[0],
ngx_processes[s].channel[1]);
if (ngx_nonblocking(ngx_processes[s].channel[0]) == -1) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, cycle->log, ngx_errno,
ngx_nonblocking_n " failed while spawning \"%s\"",
name);
ngx_close_channel(ngx_processes[s].channel, cycle->log);
return NGX_INVALID_PID;
}
if (ngx_nonblocking(ngx_processes[s].channel[1]) == -1) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, cycle->log, ngx_errno,
ngx_nonblocking_n " failed while spawning \"%s\"",
name);
ngx_close_channel(ngx_processes[s].channel, cycle->log);
return NGX_INVALID_PID;
}
on = 1;
if (ioctl(ngx_processes[s].channel[0], FIOASYNC, &on) == -1) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, cycle->log, ngx_errno,
"ioctl(FIOASYNC) failed while spawning \"%s\"", name);
ngx_close_channel(ngx_processes[s].channel, cycle->log);
return NGX_INVALID_PID;
}
if (fcntl(ngx_processes[s].channel[0], F_SETOWN, ngx_pid) == -1) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, cycle->log, ngx_errno,
"fcntl(F_SETOWN) failed while spawning \"%s\"", name);
ngx_close_channel(ngx_processes[s].channel, cycle->log);
return NGX_INVALID_PID;
}
if (fcntl(ngx_processes[s].channel[0], F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC) == -1) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, cycle->log, ngx_errno,
"fcntl(FD_CLOEXEC) failed while spawning \"%s\"",
name);
ngx_close_channel(ngx_processes[s].channel, cycle->log);
return NGX_INVALID_PID;
}
if (fcntl(ngx_processes[s].channel[1], F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC) == -1) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, cycle->log, ngx_errno,
"fcntl(FD_CLOEXEC) failed while spawning \"%s\"",
name);
ngx_close_channel(ngx_processes[s].channel, cycle->log);
return NGX_INVALID_PID;
}
ngx_channel = ngx_processes[s].channel[1];
} else {
ngx_processes[s].channel[0] = -1;
ngx_processes[s].channel[1] = -1;
}
ngx_process_slot = s;
// 创建子进程
pid = fork();
switch (pid) {
case -1:
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, cycle->log, ngx_errno,
"fork() failed while spawning \"%s\"", name);
ngx_close_channel(ngx_processes[s].channel, cycle->log);
return NGX_INVALID_PID;
case 0:
ngx_parent = ngx_pid;
ngx_pid = ngx_getpid();
// 子进程中直接调用 ngx_worker_process_cycle() 方法进行事务处理
proc(cycle, data);
break;
default:
// 父进程则直接返回了
break;
}
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_NOTICE, cycle->log, 0, "start %s %P", name, pid);
ngx_processes[s].pid = pid;
ngx_processes[s].exited = 0;
if (respawn >= 0) {
return pid;
}
ngx_processes[s].proc = proc;
ngx_processes[s].data = data;
ngx_processes[s].name = name;
ngx_processes[s].exiting = 0;
switch (respawn) {
case NGX_PROCESS_NORESPAWN:
ngx_processes[s].respawn = 0;
ngx_processes[s].just_spawn = 0;
ngx_processes[s].detached = 0;
break;
case NGX_PROCESS_JUST_SPAWN:
ngx_processes[s].respawn = 0;
ngx_processes[s].just_spawn = 1;
ngx_processes[s].detached = 0;
break;
case NGX_PROCESS_RESPAWN:
ngx_processes[s].respawn = 1;
ngx_processes[s].just_spawn = 0;
ngx_processes[s].detached = 0;
break;
case NGX_PROCESS_JUST_RESPAWN:
ngx_processes[s].respawn = 1;
ngx_processes[s].just_spawn = 1;
ngx_processes[s].detached = 0;
break;
case NGX_PROCESS_DETACHED:
ngx_processes[s].respawn = 0;
ngx_processes[s].just_spawn = 0;
ngx_processes[s].detached = 1;
break;
}
if (s == ngx_last_process) {
ngx_last_process++;
}
return pid;
}
// ngx_process_cycle.c, 子进程处理服务
static void
ngx_worker_process_cycle(ngx_cycle_t *cycle, void *data)
{
ngx_int_t worker = (intptr_t) data;
ngx_process = NGX_PROCESS_WORKER;
ngx_worker = worker;
ngx_worker_process_init(cycle, worker);
ngx_setproctitle("worker process");
// 子进程中的死循环服务，通过 ngx_process_events_and_timers 进行事件处理
for ( ;; ) {
// 当需要子进程退出时，会调用 ngx_worker_process_exit(), 并最终调用 exit(0); 直接退出而无需执行后续代码
if (ngx_exiting) {
if (ngx_event_no_timers_left() == NGX_OK) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_NOTICE, cycle->log, 0, "exiting");
ngx_worker_process_exit(cycle);
}
}
ngx_log_debug0(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_EVENT, cycle->log, 0, "worker cycle");
// 主要逻辑处理如：网络事件 accept, read, 锁获取等等
ngx_process_events_and_timers(cycle);
if (ngx_terminate) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_NOTICE, cycle->log, 0, "exiting");
ngx_worker_process_exit(cycle);
}
if (ngx_quit) {
ngx_quit = 0;
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_NOTICE, cycle->log, 0,
"gracefully shutting down");
ngx_setproctitle("worker process is shutting down");
if (!ngx_exiting) {
ngx_exiting = 1;
ngx_set_shutdown_timer(cycle);
ngx_close_listening_sockets(cycle);
ngx_close_idle_connections(cycle);
}
}
if (ngx_reopen) {
ngx_reopen = 0;
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_NOTICE, cycle->log, 0, "reopening logs");
ngx_reopen_files(cycle, -1);
}
}
}
到此，nginx整个启动流程就分析完了，有了个整体概念。再要研究，我们就得要针对具体的功能点来分析了。请听下回分解。
以上就是本文的全部内容，希望本文的内容对大家的学习或者工作能带来一定的帮助，也希望大家多多支持 码农网
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