Ruby 快速使用 gRPC

This guide gets you started with gRPC in Ruby with a simple working example.

Before you begin

Prerequisites

• ruby: version 2 or higher

Install gRPC

$ gem install grpc

Install gRPC tools

Ruby’s gRPC tools include the protocol buffer compiler protoc and the special plugin for generating server and client code from the .proto service definitions. For the first part of our quickstart example, we’ve already generated the server and client stubs from helloworld.proto, but you’ll need the tools for the rest of our quickstart, as well as later tutorials and your own projects.

To install gRPC tools, run:

gem install grpc-tools

Download the example

You’ll need a local copy of the example code to work through this quickstart. Download the example code from our GitHub repository (the following command clones the entire repository, but you just need the examples for this quickstart and other tutorials):

$ # Clone the repository to get the example code:
$ git clone -b v1.22.0 https://github.com/grpc/grpc
$ # Navigate to the "hello, world" Ruby example:
$ cd grpc/examples/ruby

Run a gRPC application

From the examples/ruby directory:

1. Run the server

   $ ruby greeter_server.rb

1. In another terminal, run the client

   $ ruby greeter_client.rb

Congratulations! You’ve just run a client-server application with gRPC.

Update a gRPC service

Now let’s look at how to update the application with an extra method on the server for the client to call. Our gRPC service is defined using protocol buffers; you can find out lots more about how to define a service in a .proto file in gRPC Basics: Ruby. For now all you need to know is that both the server and the client “stub” have a SayHelloRPC method that takes a HelloRequest parameter from the client and returns a HelloResponse from the server, and that this method is defined like this:

// The greeting service definition.
service Greeter {
  // Sends a greeting
  rpc SayHello (HelloRequest) returns (HelloReply) {}
}

// The request message containing the user's name.
message HelloRequest {
  string name = 1;
}

// The response message containing the greetings
message HelloReply {
  string message = 1;
}

Let’s update this so that the Greeter service has two methods. Edit examples/protos/helloworld.proto and update it with a new SayHelloAgain method, with the same request and response types:

// The greeting service definition.
service Greeter {
  // Sends a greeting
  rpc SayHello (HelloRequest) returns (HelloReply) {}
  // Sends another greeting
  rpc SayHelloAgain (HelloRequest) returns (HelloReply) {}
}

// The request message containing the user's name.
message HelloRequest {
  string name = 1;
}

// The response message containing the greetings
message HelloReply {
  string message = 1;
}

(Don’t forget to save the file!)

Generate gRPC code

Next we need to update the gRPC code used by our application to use the new service definition. From the examples/ruby/ directory:

$ grpc_tools_ruby_protoc -I ../protos --ruby_out=lib --grpc_out=lib ../protos/helloworld.proto

This regenerates lib/helloworld_services_pb.rb, which contains our generated client and server classes.

Update the server

In the same directory, open greeter_server.rb. Implement the new method like this

class GreeterServer < Helloworld::Greeter::Service

  def say_hello(hello_req, _unused_call)
    Helloworld::HelloReply.new(message: "Hello #{hello_req.name}")
  end

  def say_hello_again(hello_req, _unused_call)
    Helloworld::HelloReply.new(message: "Hello again, #{hello_req.name}")
  end
end
...

Update the client

In the same directory, open greeter_client.rb. Call the new method like this:

def main
  stub = Helloworld::Greeter::Stub.new('localhost:50051', :this_channel_is_insecure)
  user = ARGV.size > 0 ?  ARGV[0] : 'world'
  message = stub.say_hello(Helloworld::HelloRequest.new(name: user)).message
  p "Greeting: #{message}"
  message = stub.say_hello_again(Helloworld::HelloRequest.new(name: user)).message
  p "Greeting: #{message}"
end

Run!

Just like we did before, from the examples/ruby directory:

1. Run the server

   $ ruby greeter_server.rb

1. In another terminal, run the client

   $ ruby greeter_client.rb

What’s next

• Read a full explanation of how gRPC works in What is gRPC? and gRPC Concepts
• Work through a more detailed tutorial in gRPC Basics: Ruby
• Explore the gRPC Ruby core API in its reference documentation