Objective-C 快速使用 gRPC

This guide gets you started with gRPC on the iOS platform in Objective-C with a simple working example.

Before you begin

System requirement

The minimum deployment iOS version for gRPC is 7.0.

OS X El Capitan (version 10.11) or above is required to build and run this Quickstart.

Prerequisites

• CocoaPods: version 1.0 or higher
  • Check status and version of CocoaPods on your system with command pod --version.
  • If CocoaPods is not installed, follow the install instructions on CocoaPods website.
• Xcode: version 7.2 or higher
  • Check your Xcode version by running Xcode from Lauchpad, then select “Xcode->About Xcode” in the menu.
  • Make sure the command line developer tools are installed: sh [sudo] xcode-select --install
• Homebrew
  • Check status and version of Homebrew on your system with command brew --version.
  • If Homebrew is not installed, install with: sh /usr/bin/ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)"
• autoconf, automake, libtool, pkg-config
  • Install with Homebrew sh brew install autoconf automake libtool pkg-config

Download the example

You’ll need a local copy of the sample app source code to work through this Quickstart. Copy the source code from GitHub repository:

$ git clone --recursive -b v1.22.0 https://github.com/grpc/grpc.git

Install gRPC plugins and libraries

$ cd grpc
$ make
$ [sudo] make install

Install protoc compiler

$ brew tap grpc/grpc
$ brew install protobuf

Run the server

For this sample app, we need a gRPC server running on the local machine. gRPC Objective-C API supports creating gRPC clients but not gRPC servers. Therefore instead we build and run the C++ server in the same repository:

$ cd examples/cpp/helloworld
$ make
$ ./greeter_server &

Run the client

Generate client libraries and dependencies

Have CocoaPods generate and install the client library from our .proto files, as well as installing several dependencies:

$ cd ../../objective-c/helloworld
$ pod install

(This might have to compile OpenSSL, which takes around 15 minutes if Cocoapods doesn’t have it yet on your computer’s cache.)

Run the client app

Open the Xcode workspace created by CocoaPods:

$ open HelloWorld.xcworkspace

This will open the app project with Xcode. Run the app in an iOS simulator by pressing the Run button on the top left corner of Xcode window. You can check the calling code in main.m and see the results in Xcode’s console.

The code sends a HLWHelloRequest containing the string “Objective-C” to a local server. The server responds with a HLWHelloResponse, which contains a string “Hello Objective-C” that is then output to the console.

Congratulations! You’ve just run a client-server application with gRPC.

Update a gRPC service

Now let’s look at how to update the application with an extra method on the server for the client to call. Our gRPC service is defined using Protocol Buffers; you can find out lots more about how to define a service in a .proto file in Protocol Buffers website. For now all you need to know is that both the server and the client “stub” have a SayHello RPC method that takes a HelloRequest parameter from the client and returns a HelloResponse from the server, and that this method is defined like this:

// The greeting service definition.
service Greeter {
  // Sends a greeting
  rpc SayHello (HelloRequest) returns (HelloReply) {}
}

// The request message containing the user's name.
message HelloRequest {
  string name = 1;
}

// The response message containing the greetings
message HelloReply {
  string message = 1;
}

Let’s update this so that the Greeter service has two methods. Edit examples/protos/helloworld.proto and update it with a new SayHelloAgain method, with the same request and response types:

// The greeting service definition.
service Greeter {
  // Sends a greeting
  rpc SayHello (HelloRequest) returns (HelloReply) {}
  // Sends another greeting
  rpc SayHelloAgain (HelloRequest) returns (HelloReply) {}
}

// The request message containing the user's name.
message HelloRequest {
  string name = 1;
}

// The response message containing the greetings
message HelloReply {
  string message = 1;
}

(Don’t forget to save the file!)

Update the client and server

We now have a new gRPC service definition, but we still need to implement and call the new method in the human-written parts of our example application.

Update the server

As you remember, gRPC doesn’t provide a server API for Objective-C. Instead, we need to update the C++ sample server. Open examples/cpp/helloworld/greeter_server.cc. Implement the new method like this:

class GreeterServiceImpl final : public Greeter::Service {
  Status SayHello(ServerContext* context, const HelloRequest* request,
                  HelloReply* reply) override {
    std::string prefix("Hello ");
    reply->set_message(prefix + request->name());
    return Status::OK;
  }
  Status SayHelloAgain(ServerContext* context, const HelloRequest* request,
                  HelloReply* reply) override {
    std::string prefix("Hello again ");
    reply->set_message(prefix + request->name());
    return Status::OK;
  }
};

Update the client

Edit examples/objective-c/helloworld/main.m to call the new method like this:

int main(int argc, char * argv[]) {
  @autoreleasepool  {
    [GRPCCall useInsecureConnectionsForHost:kHostAddress];
    [GRPCCall setUserAgentPrefix:@"HelloWorld/1.0" forHost:kHostAddress];

    HLWGreeter *client = [[HLWGreeter alloc] initWithHost:kHostAddress];

    HLWHelloRequest *request = [HLWHelloRequest message];
    request.name = @"Objective-C";

    [client sayHelloWithRequest:request handler:^(HLWHelloReply *response, NSError *error) {
      NSLog(@"%@", response.message);
    }];
    [client sayHelloAgainWithRequest:request handler:^(HLWHelloReply *response, NSError *error) {
      NSLog(@"%@", response.message);
    }];

    return UIApplicationMain(argc, argv, nil, NSStringFromClass([AppDelegate class]));
  }
}

Build and run

First terminate the server process already running in the background:

$ pkill greeter_server

Then in directory examples/cpp/helloworld, build and run the updated server with the following commands:

$ make
$ ./greeter_server &

Change directory to examples/objective-c/helloworld, then clean up and reinstall Pods for the client app with the following commands:

$ rm -Rf Pods
$ rm Podfile.lock
$ rm -Rf HelloWorld.xcworkspace
$ pod install

This regenerates files in Pods/HelloWorld based on the new proto file we wrote above. Open the client Xcode project in Xcode:

$ open HelloWorld.xcworkspace

and run the client app. If you look at the console messages, you should see two RPC calls, one to SayHello and one to SayHelloAgain.

Troubleshooting

When installing CocoaPods, error prompt activesupport requires Ruby version >= 2.2.2.

Install an older version of activesupport, then install CocoaPods:

[sudo] gem install activesupport -v 4.2.6
[sudo] gem install cocoapods

When installing dependencies with CocoaPods, error prompt Unable to find a specification for !ProtoCompiler-gRPCPlugin

Update the local clone of spec repo by running pod repo update

Compiler error when compiling objective_c_plugin.cc

Removing protobuf package with Homebrew before building gRPC may solve this problem. We are working on a more elegant fix.

When building HellowWorld, error prompt ld: unknown option: --no-as-needed

This problem is due to linker ld in Apple LLVM not supporting the –no-as-needed option. We are working on a fix right now and will merge the fix very soon.

When building grpc, error prompt cannot find install-sh install.sh or shtool

Remove the gRPC directory, clone a new one and try again. It is likely that some auto generated files are corrupt; remove and rebuild may solve the problem.

When building grpc, error prompt Can't exec "aclocal"

The package automake is missing. Install automake should solve this problem.

When building grpc, error prompt possibly undefined macro: AC_PROG_LIBTOOL

The package libtool is missing. Install libtool should solve this problem.

When building grpc, error prompt cannot find install-sh, install.sh, or shtool

Some of the auto generated files are corrupt. Remove the entire gRPC directory, clone from GitHub, and build again.

Cannot find protoc when building HelloWorld

Run brew install protobuf to get protoc compiler.

What’s next

• Read a full explanation of how gRPC works in What is gRPC? and gRPC Concepts
• Work through a more detailed tutorial in gRPC Basics: Objective-C
• Explore the Objective-C core API in its reference documentation