C++ 快速使用 gRPC

This guide gets you started with gRPC in C++ with a simple working example.

Before you begin

Install gRPC

To install gRPC on your system, follow the instructions to install gRPC C++ via make.

To run the example code, please ensure pkg-config is installed on your machine before you build and install gRPC in the previous step, since the example Makefiles try to look up the installed gRPC path using pkg-config. On Debian-based systems like Ubuntu, this can usually be done via sudo apt-get install pkg-config.

Install Protocol Buffers v3

While not mandatory to use gRPC, gRPC applications usually leverage Protocol Buffers v3 for service definitions and data serialization, and our example code uses Protocol Buffers as well as gRPC. If you don’t already have it installed on your system, you can install the version cloned alongside gRPC. First ensure that you are running these commands in the gRPC tree you just built in the from the previous step.

$ cd third_party/protobuf
$ make && sudo make install

Build the example

Always assuming you have gRPC properly installed, go into the example’s directory:

$ cd examples/cpp/helloworld/

Let’s build the example client and server:

$ make

Most failures at this point are a result of a faulty installation (or having installed gRPC to a non-standard location. Check out the installation instructions for details).

Try it!

From the examples/cpp/helloworld directory, run the server, which will listen on port 50051:

$ ./greeter_server

From a different terminal, run the client:

$ ./greeter_client

If things go smoothly, you will see the Greeter received: Hello world in the client side output.

Congratulations! You’ve just run a client-server application with gRPC.

Update a gRPC service

Now let’s look at how to update the application with an extra method on the server for the client to call. Our gRPC service is defined using protocol buffers; you can find out lots more about how to define a service in a .proto file in What is gRPC? and gRPC Basics: C++. For now all you need to know is that both the server and the client “stub” have a SayHello RPC method that takes a HelloRequest parameter from the client and returns a HelloResponsefrom the server, and that this method is defined like this:

// The greeting service definition.
service Greeter {
  // Sends a greeting
  rpc SayHello (HelloRequest) returns (HelloReply) {}
}

// The request message containing the user's name.
message HelloRequest {
  string name = 1;
}

// The response message containing the greetings
message HelloReply {
  string message = 1;
}

Let’s update this so that the Greeter service has two methods. Edit examples/protos/helloworld.proto (from the root of the cloned repository) and update it with a new SayHelloAgain method, with the same request and response types:

// The greeting service definition.
service Greeter {
  // Sends a greeting
  rpc SayHello (HelloRequest) returns (HelloReply) {}
  // Sends another greeting
  rpc SayHelloAgain (HelloRequest) returns (HelloReply) {}
}

// The request message containing the user's name.
message HelloRequest {
  string name = 1;
}

// The response message containing the greetings
message HelloReply {
  string message = 1;
}

(Don’t forget to save the file!)

Generate gRPC code

Next we need to update the gRPC code used by our application to use the new service definition. From the examples/cpp/helloworld directory:

$ make

This regenerates helloworld.pb.{h,cc} and helloworld.grpc.pb.{h,cc}, which contains our generated client and server classes, as well as classes for populating, serializing, and retrieving our request and response types.

Update and run the application

We now have new generated server and client code, but we still need to implement and call the new method in the human-written parts of our example application.

Update the server

In the same directory, open greeter_server.cc. Implement the new method like this:

class GreeterServiceImpl final : public Greeter::Service {
  Status SayHello(ServerContext* context, const HelloRequest* request,
                  HelloReply* reply) override {
     // ... (pre-existing code)
  }

  Status SayHelloAgain(ServerContext* context, const HelloRequest* request,
                       HelloReply* reply) override {
    std::string prefix("Hello again ");
    reply->set_message(prefix + request->name());
    return Status::OK;
  }
};

Update the client

A new SayHelloAgain method is now available in the stub. We’ll follow the same pattern as for the already present SayHello and add a new SayHelloAgain method to GreeterClient:

class GreeterClient {
 public:
  // ...
  std::string SayHello(const std::string& user) {
     // ...
  }

  std::string SayHelloAgain(const std::string& user) {
    // Follows the same pattern as SayHello.
    HelloRequest request;
    request.set_name(user);
    HelloReply reply;
    ClientContext context;

    // Here we can use the stub's newly available method we just added.
    Status status = stub_->SayHelloAgain(&context, request, &reply);
    if (status.ok()) {
      return reply.message();
    } else {
      std::cout << status.error_code() << ": " << status.error_message()
                << std::endl;
      return "RPC failed";
    }
  }

Finally, we exercise this new method in main:

int main(int argc, char** argv) {
  // ...
  std::string reply = greeter.SayHello(user);
  std::cout << "Greeter received: " << reply << std::endl;

  reply = greeter.SayHelloAgain(user);
  std::cout << "Greeter received: " << reply << std::endl;

  return 0;
}

Run!

Just like we did before, from the examples/cpp/helloworld directory:

1. Build the client and server after having made changes:

   $ make

2. Run the server

   $ ./greeter_server

3. On a different terminal, run the client

   $ ./greeter_client

   You should see the updated output:

   $ ./greeter_client
   Greeter received: Hello world
   Greeter received: Hello again world

What’s next

• Read a full explanation of how gRPC works in What is gRPC? and gRPC Concepts
• Work through a more detailed tutorial in gRPC Basics: C++
• Explore the gRPC C++ core API in its reference documentation