Python开发【Django】：组合搜索、JSONP、XSS过滤

栏目: Json · 发布时间: 6年前

内容简介：Python开发【Django】：组合搜索、JSONP、XSS过滤

组合搜索

做博客后台时，需要根据文章的类型做不同的检索

1、简单实现

关联文件：


from django.conf.urls import url
from . import views

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^index.html/$',views.index),
    url(r'^article/(?P<article_type>\d+)-(?P<category>\d+).html/$',views.article)
]

url.py


<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <style>
        .condition a{
            display:inline-block;
            padding: 3px 5px;
            border: 1px solid black;
        }
        .condition a.active{
            background-color: brown;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <h2>过滤条件</h2>


    <div class="condition">
        {% if kwargs.article_type == 0 %}
            <a href="/article/0-{{ kwargs.category }}.html" class="active">全部</a>
        {% else %}
            <a href="/article/0-{{ kwargs.category }}.html">全部</a>
        {% endif %}

        {% for row in article_type %}
            {% if row.id == kwargs.article_type %}
                <a class="active" href="/article/{{ row.id }}-{{ kwargs.category }}.html">{{ row.caption }}</a>
            {% else %}
                <a  href="/article/{{ row.id }}-{{ kwargs.category }}.html">{{ row.caption }}</a>
            {% endif %}
        {% endfor %}
    </div>

    <div class="condition">
        {% if kwargs.category == 0 %}
            <a class="active" href="/article/{{ kwargs.article_type }}-0.html">全部</a>
        {% else %}
            <a href="/article/{{ kwargs.article_type }}-0.html">全部</a>
        {% endif %}

        {% for row in category %}
            {% if row.id == kwargs.category %}
                <a class="active" href="/article/{{ kwargs.article_type }}-{{ row.id }}.html">{{ row.caption }}</a>
            {% else %}
                <a href="/article/{{ kwargs.article_type }}-{{ row.id }}.html">{{ row.caption }}</a>
            {% endif %}
        {% endfor %}
    </div>

    <h2>查询结果</h2>
    <ul>
    {% for row in articles %}
        <li>{{ row.id }}-{{ row.title }}------[{{ row.article_type.caption }}]-[{{ row.category.caption }}]</li>
    {% endfor %}
    </ul>
</body>
</html>

article.html

数据库结构：

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.

class Categoery(models.Model):
    caption = models.CharField(max_length=16)

class ArticleType(models.Model):
    caption = models.CharField(max_length=16)

class Article(models.Model):

    title = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    content = models.CharField(max_length=255)

    category = models.ForeignKey(Categoery)
    article_type = models.ForeignKey(ArticleType)

处理文件：

from . import  models
def article(request,*args,**kwargs):

    search_dict = {}
    for key,value in kwargs.items():
        kwargs[key] = int(value)        # 把字符类型转化为int类型 方便前端做if a == b  这样的比较
        if value !='0':
            search_dict[key] = value
    articles = models.Article.objects.filter(**search_dict) # 字典为空时表示搜索所有

    article_type = models.ArticleType.objects.all()
    category = models.Categoery.objects.all()

    return render(request,'article.html',{'articles':articles,
                                          'article_type':article_type,
                                         'category':category ,
                                          'kwargs':kwargs})

注：实现此功能并不难，最重要的是理清里面的思路；首先先要确定url访问路径格式http://127.0.0.1:8000/article/0-0.html ，第一个0表示 article_type字段，第二个0表示category字段，如果为零时，表示搜索此字段全部信息，确认好这个，是成功的第一步，处理文件上有检索的处理；第二个关键点是生成字典search_dict进行相关的搜索，如果是0表示搜索全部；第三个关键点，也是很巧妙的一个方式，把参数kwargs再次传到前端，简直神来之笔！

2、另一种尝试（加载内存调优）

由于ArticleType类型是博客定死的数据，后期不会做变动，可以把数据加载到内存当中，加快查询速度


<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <style>
        .condition a{
            display:inline-block;
            padding: 3px 5px;
            border: 1px solid black;
        }
        .condition a.active{
            background-color: brown;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <h2>过滤条件</h2>

    <div class="condition">
        {% if kwargs.article_type_id == 0 %}
            <a href="/article/0-{{ kwargs.category_id }}.html" class="active">全部</a>
        {% else %}
            <a href="/article/0-{{ kwargs.category_id }}.html">全部</a>
        {% endif %}

        {% for row in article_type%}
            {% if row.0 == kwargs.article_type_id %}
                <a class="active" href="/article/{{ row.0 }}-{{ kwargs.category_id }}.html">{{ row.1 }}</a>
            {% else %}
                <a  href="/article/{{ row.0 }}-{{ kwargs.category_id }}.html">{{ row.1 }}</a>
            {% endif %}
        {% endfor %}
    </div>

    <div class="condition">
        {% if kwargs.category_id == 0 %}
            <a class="active" href="/article/{{ kwargs.article_type_id }}-0.html">全部</a>
        {% else %}
            <a href="/article/{{ kwargs.article_type_id }}-0.html">全部</a>
        {% endif %}

        {% for row in category %}
            {% if row.id == kwargs.category_id %}
                <a class="active" href="/article/{{ kwargs.article_type_id }}-{{ row.id }}.html">{{ row.caption }}</a>
            {% else %}
                <a href="/article/{{ kwargs.article_type_id }}-{{ row.id }}.html">{{ row.caption }}</a>
            {% endif %}
        {% endfor %}
    </div>

    <h2>查询结果</h2>
    <ul>
    {% for row in articles %}
        <li>{{ row.id }}-{{ row.title }}------[{{ row.article_type }}]-[{{ row.category.caption }}]</li>
    {% endfor %}
    </ul>
</body>
</html>

article.html


from django.shortcuts import render
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse

# Create your views here.

def index(request):


    return HttpResponse('Ok')


from . import  models
def article(request,*args,**kwargs):

    search_dict = {}
    for key,value in kwargs.items():
        kwargs[key] = int(value)        # 把字符类型转化为int类型 方便前端做if a == b  这样的比较
        if value !='0':
            search_dict[key] = value
    print(kwargs)
    articles = models.Article.objects.filter(**search_dict) # 字典为空时表示搜索所有

    article_type = models.Article.type_choice

    print(article_type)
    category = models.Categoery.objects.all()

    return render(request,'article.html',{'articles':articles,
                                          'article_type':article_type,
                                         'category':category ,
                                          'kwargs':kwargs})

处理文件.py

数据库文件：

from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
class Categoery(models.Model):
    caption = models.CharField(max_length=16)

# class ArticleType(models.Model):
#     caption = models.CharField(max_length=16)

class Article(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    content = models.CharField(max_length=255)

    category = models.ForeignKey(Categoery)
    # article_type = models.ForeignKey(ArticleType)
    type_choice  = [
        (1,'Python'),
        (2,'Linux'),
        (3,'大数据'),
        (4,'架构'),
    ]
    article_type_id = models.IntegerField(choices=type_choice)

3、利用simple_tag把代码优化

关联文件：


from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
class Categoery(models.Model):
    caption = models.CharField(max_length=16)

class ArticleType(models.Model):
    caption = models.CharField(max_length=16)

class Article(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    content = models.CharField(max_length=255)

    category = models.ForeignKey(Categoery)
    article_type = models.ForeignKey(ArticleType)
    # type_choice  = [
    #     (1,'Python'),
    #     (2,'Linux'),
    #     (3,'大数据'),
    #     (4,'架构'),
    # ]
    # article_type_id = models.IntegerField(choices=type_choice)

数据库文件.py


from django.shortcuts import render
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse

# Create your views here.

def index(request):


    return HttpResponse('Ok')


from . import models
def article(request, *args, **kwargs):
    search_dict = {}
    for key, value in kwargs.items():
        kwargs[key] = int(value)  # 把字符类型转化为int类型 方便前端做if a == b  这样的比较
        if value != '0':
            search_dict[key] = value
    articles = models.Article.objects.filter(**search_dict)  # 字典为空时表示搜索所有

    article_type = models.ArticleType.objects.all()

    print(article_type)
    category = models.Categoery.objects.all()


    return render(request, 'article.html', {'articles': articles,
                                            'article_type': article_type,
                                            'category': category,
                                            'kwargs': kwargs})

处理文件.py


{% load filter %}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <style>
        .condition a{
            display:inline-block;
            padding: 3px 5px;
            border: 1px solid black;
        }
        .condition a.active{
            background-color: brown;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <h2>过滤条件</h2>
    <div class="condition">
        {% filter_all  kwargs 'article_type'%}

        {% filter_single article_type kwargs 'article_type'%}
    </div>
    <div class="condition">
        {% filter_all  kwargs 'category'%}
        {% filter_single category kwargs 'category'%}
    </div>

    <h2>查询结果</h2>
    <ul>
    {% for row in articles %}
        <li>{{ row.id }}-{{ row.title }}------[{{ row.article_type.caption }}]-[{{ row.category.caption }}]</li>
    {% endfor %}
    </ul>
</body>
</html>

article.html

创建templatetags目录，在目录下创建filter.py文件：

from django import template
from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe
register = template.Library()

@register.simple_tag
def filter_all(kwargs,type_str):
    print(type_str)
    if type_str == 'article_type':
        if kwargs['article_type'] == 0:
            tmp = '<a href = "/article/0-%s.html" class ="active" > 全部 </a>'%(kwargs['category'])
        else:
            tmp = '<a href = "/article/0-%s.html"> 全部 </a>'%(kwargs['category'])

    elif type_str == 'category':
        if kwargs['category'] == 0:
            tmp = '<a href = "/article/%s-0.html" class ="active" > 全部 </a>' % (kwargs['article_type'])
        else:
            tmp = '<a href = "/article/%s-0.html"> 全部 </a>' % (kwargs['article_type'])

    return mark_safe(tmp)

@register.simple_tag()
def filter_single(type_obj,kwargs,type_str):

    print(type_str)
    tmp = ''
    if type_str == 'article_type':
        for row in type_obj:
            if row.id == kwargs['article_type']:
                tag = '<a class="active" href="/article/%s-%s.html">%s</a>\n'%(row.id,kwargs['category'],row.caption)
            else:
                tag = '<a href="/article/%s-%s.html">%s</a>\n' % (row.id, kwargs['category'],row.caption)
            tmp +=tag
    elif type_str == 'category':
        for row in type_obj:
            if row.id == kwargs['category']:
                tag = '<a class="active" href="/article/%s-%s.html">%s</a>\n' % (kwargs['article_type'],row.id, row.caption)
            else:
                tag = '<a href="/article/%s-%s.html">%s</a>\n' % (kwargs['article_type'], row.id, row.caption)
            tmp += tag

    return mark_safe(tmp)

HTML文件主体内容：

{% load filter %}
<body>
    <h2>过滤条件</h2>
    <div class="condition">
        {% filter_all  kwargs 'article_type'%}

        {% filter_single article_type kwargs 'article_type'%}
    </div>
    <div class="condition">
        {% filter_all  kwargs 'category'%}
        {% filter_single category kwargs 'category'%}
    </div>

    <h2>查询结果</h2>
    <ul>
    {% for row in articles %}
        <li>{{ row.id }}-{{ row.title }}------[{{ row.article_type.caption }}]-[{{ row.category.caption }}]</li>
    {% endfor %}
    </ul>
</body>

JSONP

JSONP(JSON with Padding)是 JSON 的一种“使用模式”，可用于解决主流浏览器的跨域数据访问的问题。由于同源策略，一般来说位于 server1.example.com 的网页无法与不是 server1.example.com的服务器沟通，而 HTML 的 <script> 元素是一个例外。利用 <script> 元素的这个开放策略，网页可以得到从其他来源动态产生的 JSON 资料，而这种使用模式就是所谓的 JSONP。用 JSONP 抓到的资料并不是 JSON，而是任意的JavaScript，用 JavaScript 直译器执行而不是用 JSON 解析器解析。

原理：

- 创建script标签
- src=远程地址
- 返回的数据必须是js格式
- 只能发GET请求

1、什么是同源策略？

处理文件：

import requests
def jsonp(request):
    # 获取url信息
    response = requests.get('http://weatherapi.market.xiaomi.com/wtr-v2/weather?cityId=101121301') 
    response.encoding = 'utf-8'     # 进行编码

    return render(request,'jsonp.html',{'result':response.text})  # response.text 请求内容

HTML文件：

<body>
    <h1>后台获取的结果</h1>
    {{ result }}
    <h1>js直接获取结果</h1>
    <input type="button" value="获取数据" onclick="getContent();" />
    <div id="container"></div>
    <script src="/static/jquery-1.8.2.js"></script>
    <script>
        function getContent() {
            var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();         // 创建对象
            xhr.open('GET', 'http://weatherapi.market.xiaomi.com/wtr-v2/weather?cityId=101121301'); // GET方式打开
            xhr.onreadystatechange = function () {　　// 收到返回值时执行
                console.log(xhr.responseText);
            };
            xhr.send()　　// 发送
        }
    </script>
</body>

注：点击js直接获取结果时，浏览器显示下面报错信息，由于浏览器只接受 http://127.0.0.1:8000发过来的信息，对于天气网站发过来的信息直接屏蔽掉了，这就是同源策略，那有没有什么方式可以解决？

XMLHttpRequest cannot load http://weatherapi.market.xiaomi.com/wtr-v2/weather?cityId=101121301. No 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin' header is present on the requested resource. Origin 'http://127.0.0.1:8000' is therefore not allowed access.

2、巧用script标签src属性

script标签不受同源策略的影响

处理文件：

import requests
def jsonp(request):
    # 获取url信息
    response = requests.get('http://weatherapi.market.xiaomi.com/wtr-v2/weather?cityId=101121301')
    response.encoding = 'utf-8'     # 进行编码

    return render(request,'jsonp.html',{'result':response.text})  # response.text 请求内容

def jsonp_api(request):
    return HttpResponse('alert(123)')

HTML文件：

<body>
    <h1>后台获取的结果</h1>
    {{ result }}
    <h1>js直接获取结果</h1>
    <input type="button" value="获取数据" onclick="getContent();" />
    <div id="container"></div>
    <script>
        function getContent() {
            var tag = document.createElement('script');
            tag.src = '/jsonp_api.html';
            document.head.appendChild(tag);
         //   document.head.removeChild(tag);
        }
    </script>
</body>

注：js请求时为了方便，还是请求的是当前程序url；执行完上面代码会发现一个神奇的状况，页面会弹出123信息，表明script获取信息成功

3、对前后端稍加改造，使用方法更加动态化

处理文件：

def jsonp(request):

    return render(request,'jsonp.html')  # response.text 请求内容

def jsonp_api(request):
    func = request.GET.get('callback')  # 获取用户callback参数
    content = '%s(10000)'%func          # 执行func（10000）函数

    return HttpResponse(content)

HTML文件：

<body>
    <h1>后台获取的结果</h1>
    {{ result }}
    <h1>js直接获取结果</h1>
    <input type="button" value="获取数据" onclick="getContent();" />
    <div id="container"></div>
    <script>
        function getContent() {
            var tag = document.createElement('script');
            tag.src = '/jsonp_api.html?callback=list';  // 自定义callback参数，与后台达成默契
            document.head.appendChild(tag);
         //   document.head.removeChild(tag);
        }
        function list(arg){         // 自定义函数与callback=list相对应
               alert(arg);
            }
    </script>
</body>

注：js发请求时，带上callback参数，然后定义参数对应的方法，后台会把数据传入此方法内并且执行执行；至于要打印还是弹框，就看用户自己的需求去处理了； jsonp的原理和实现过程就是上述代码 的实现

4、实例应用+ajax

处理文件：

import requests
def jsonp(request):
    response = requests.get('http://www.jxntv.cn/data/jmd-jxtv2.html?callback=list&_=1454376870403')
    response.encoding = 'utf-8'  # 进行编码

    return render(request, 'jsonp.html', {'result': response.text})  # response.text 请求内容

HTML文件：

<body>
    <h1>后台获取的结果</h1>
    {{ result }}
    <h1>js直接获取结果</h1>
    <input type="button" value="获取数据" onclick="getContent();" />
    <div id="container"></div>
    <script src="/static/jquery-1.8.2.js"></script>
    <script>
        function getContent() {
            $.ajax({
                url: 'http://www.jxntv.cn/data/jmd-jxtv2.html?callback=list&_=1454376870403',
                type: 'POST',
                dataType: 'jsonp',     // 即使写的type是POST也是按照GET请求发送
                jsonp: 'callback',
                jsonpCallback: 'list'
            });
        }

        function list(arg){         // 自定义函数与callback=list相对应
            console.log(arg);
            var data = arg['data'];
            for(k in data){
                var tr = document.createElement('td');
                var week = data[k]['week'];
                var list = data[k]['list'];
                tr.textContent =week
                document.body.appendChild(tr);
                console.log(week);
                for(i in list){
                    var name = list[i]['name'];
                    console.log(name)
        }}}
    </script>
</body>


list({data:[ { "week":"周日", "list":[ { "time":"0030", "name":"通宵剧场六集连播", "link":"http://www.jxntv.cn/live/jxtv2.shtml" }, { "time":"0530", "name":"《都市现场》60分钟精编版（重播）", "link":"http://www.jxntv.cn/live/jxtv2.shtml" }, { "time":"0630", "name":"《快乐生活一点通》", "link":"http://www.jxntv.cn/live/jxtv2.shtml" }, { "time":"0700", "name":"《e早晨报》60分钟直播版块", "link":"http://www.jxntv.cn/live/jxtv2.shtml" }, { "time":"0800", "name":"精选剧场四集连播", "link":"http://www.jxntv.cn/live/jxtv2.shtml" }, { "time":"1120", "name":"《地宝当家》（重播）", "link":"http://www.jxntv.cn/live/jxtv2.shtml" }, { "time":"1200", "name":"《都市60分》60分钟直播版块", "link":"http://www.jxntv.cn/live/jxtv2.shtml" }, { "time":"1300", "name":"《谁是赢家》", "link":"http://www.jxntv.cn/live/jxtv2.shtml" }, { "time":"1400", "name":"女性剧场三集连播", "link":"http://www.jxntv.cn/live/jxtv2.shtml" }, { "time":"1700", "name":"《快乐生活一点通》精编版", "link":"http://www.jxntv.cn/live/jxtv2.shtml" }, { "time":"1730", "name":"《地宝当家》", "link":"http://www.jxntv.cn/live/jxtv2.shtml" }, { "time":"1800", "name":"《都市现场》90分钟直播版块", "link":"http://www.jxntv.cn/live/jxtv2.shtml" }, { "time":"1930", "name":"《都市情缘》", "link":"http://www.jxntv.cn/live/jxtv2.shtml" }, { "time":"2000", "name":"《晚间800》", "link":"http://www.jxntv.cn/live/jxtv2.shtml" }, { "time":"2020", "name":"《都市剧场》黄金剧（第1集）", "link":"http://www.jxntv.cn/live/jxtv2.shtml" }, { "time":"2110", "name":"《都市剧场》黄金剧（第2集）", "link":"http://www.jxntv.cn/live/jxtv2.shtml" }, { "time":"2200", "name":"《拍案》", "link":"http://www.jxntv.cn/live/jxtv2.shtml" }, { "time":"2230", "name":"江西新闻联播(重播)", "link":"http://www.jxntv.cn/live/jxtv2.shtml" }, { "time":"2250", "name":"都市晚剧场", "link":"http://www.jxntv.cn/live/jxtv2.shtml" } ] }, { "week":"周一", "list":[ { "time":"0030", "name":"通宵剧场六集连播", "link":"http://www.jxntv.cn/live/jxtv2.shtml" }, { "time":"0530", "name":"《都市现场》60分钟精编版（重播）", "link":"http://www.jxntv.cn/live/jxtv2.shtml" }, { "time":"0630", "name":"《快乐生活一点通》", "link":"http://www.jxntv.cn/live/jxtv2.shtml" }, { "time":"0700", 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注：实现的过程跟第3自己写的代码一毛一样，也是创建个script然后再删除

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