内容简介:CentOS 8 官方正式发布了!!!CentOS 完全遵守 Red Hat 的再发行政策,并且致力与上游产品在功能上完全兼容。CentOS 对组件的修改主要是去除 Red Hat 的商标及美工图。 该版本还包含全新的 RHEL upstream, CentO...
CentOS 8 官方正式发布了!!!CentOS 完全遵守 Red Hat 的再发行政策,并且致力与上游产品在功能上完全兼容。CentOS 对组件的修改主要是去除 Red Hat 的商标及美工图。
该版本还包含全新的 RHEL upstream, CentOS Streams。
官方中文的发行说明:https://wiki.centos.org/Manuals/ReleaseNotes/CentOS8.1905
CentOS 8 主要改动和 RedHat Enterprise Linux 8 是一致的,基于 Fedora 28 和内核版本 4.18, 为用户提供一个稳定的、安全的、一致的基础,跨越混合云部署,支持传统和新兴的工作负载所需的工具。此次发布的亮点包括:
发行版
- 通过 BaseOS 和应用流 (AppStream) 仓库发布.
- AppStream 是对传统 rpm 格式的全新扩展,为一个组件同时提供多个主要版本
更详细介绍请看 Chapter 3, Distribution of content in RHEL 8
软件管理
- YUM 包管理器基于 DNF 技术,提供模块化内容支持,增强了性能,并且提供了设计良好的 API 用于与其他 工具 集成
详细介绍请看 Section 5.1.4, “Software management”
Shell 和命令行工具
- RHEL 8 提供了版本控制工具:
Git 2.18
,Mercurial 4.8
, 和Subversion 1.10
.
详情请看 Section 5.1.6, “Shells and command-line tools”
动态编程语言、Web 和数据库服务器
Python 3.6
是默认的 Python 环境,有限支持 Python 2.7Node.js
是在 RHEL 最新包含的,其他动态语言更新包括:PHP 7.2
, Ruby2.5
,Perl 5.26
,SWIG 3.0
- RHEL 8 提供的数据库服务包括:
MariaDB 10.3
,MySQL 8.0
,PostgreSQL 10
,PostgreSQL 9.6
, 和Redis 5
. - RHEL 8 提供
Apache HTTP Server 2.4
以及首次引入的,nginx 1.14
. Squid
版本升级到 4.4 ,同时也首次提供Varnish Cache 6.0
.
详细介绍请看 Section 5.1.7, “Dynamic programming languages, web and database servers”
桌面环境
- GNOME Shell 升级到 3.28.
- GNOME 会话和显示管理使用 Wayland 作为默认的显示服务器,而 RHEL 7 默认的 X.Org server 依然提供
详细信息请看 Section 5.1.8, “Desktop”
安装程序以及镜像的创建
- Anaconda 安装程序可使用 LUKS2 磁盘加密,支持 NVDIMM 设备.
- Image Builder 工具可以创建不同格式的自定义系统镜像,包括满足云平台的各种格式
- 支持使用硬件管理控制台 HMC 从 DVD 安装,同时也提供 IBM Z 主机的 Support Element (SE)
详细介绍请看 Section 5.1.2, “Installer and image creation” .
内核
- 扩展 Berkeley Packet Filtering (eBPF) 特性使得用户空间的各个点上附加自定义程序,包括 (sockets, trace points, packet reception) ,用于接收和处理数据。目前该特性还处于特性预览阶段
- BPF Compiler Collection (BCC), 这是一个用来创建高效内核跟踪和操作的工具,目前处于技术预览阶段
文件系统和存储
- LUKS version 2 (LUKS2) 格式替代旧的 LUKS (LUKS1) 格式.
dm-crypt
子系统和cryptsetup
工具现在使用 LUKS2 作为默认的加密卷格式
详细介绍请看 Section 5.1.12, “File systems and storage” .
安全
- 默认的系统级的 加密策略, 用于配置核心加密子系统,覆盖 TLS, IPsec, SSH, DNSSEC, 和 Kerberos 协议。增加全新命令
update-crypto-policies
, 管理员可以轻松切换不同模式: default, legacy, future, 和 fips. - 支持智能卡和硬件安全模块 (HSM) 的 PKCS #11
详细介绍请看 Section 5.1.15, “Security”
Networking
- The
nftables
framework replacesiptables
in the role of the default network packet filtering facility. - The
firewalld
daemon now usesnftables
as its default backend. - Support for IPVLAN virtual network drivers that enable the network connectivity for multiple containers has been introduced.
- The eXpress Data Path (XDP), XDP for Traffic Control (tc), and Address Family eXpress Data Path (AF_XDP), as parts of the extended Berkeley Packet Filtering (eBPF) feature, are available as Technology Previews. For more details, see Section 5.3.7, “Networking”.
See Section 5.1.14, “Networking” for additional features.
Virtualization
- A more modern PCI Express-based machine type (Q35) is now supported and automatically configured in virtual machines created in RHEL 8. This provides a variety of improvements in features and compatibility of virtual devices.
- Virtual machines can now be created and managed using the RHEL 8 web console, also known as Cockpit.
- The QEMU emulator introduces the sandboxing feature, which provides configurable limitations to what systems calls QEMU can perform, and thus makes virtual machines more secure.
See Section 5.1.16, “Virtualization” for more information.
Compilers and development tools
- The GCC compiler based on version 8.2 brings support for more recent C++ language standard versions, better optimizations, new code hardening techniques, improved warnings, and new hardware features.
- Various tools for code generation, manipulation, and debugging can now experimentally handle the DWARF5 debugging information format.
- Kernel support for eBPF tracing is available for some tools, such as
BCC
,PCP
, andSystemTap
. - The
glibc
libraries based on version 2.28 add support for Unicode 11, newer Linux system calls, key improvements in the DNS stub resolver, additional security hardening, and improved performance. - RHEL 8 provides OpenJDK 11, OpenJDK 8, IcedTea-Web, and various Java tools, such as
Ant
,Maven
, orScala
.
See Section 5.1.11, “Compilers and development tools” for additional details.
High availability and clusters
- The Pacemaker cluster resource manager has been upgraded to upstream version 2.0.0, which provides a number of bug fixes and enhancements.
- In RHEL 8, the pcs configuration system fully supports Corosync 3,
knet
, and node names.
See Section 5.1.13, “High availability and clusters” for more information.
Additional resources
- Capabilities and limits of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 as compared to other versions of the system are available in the Knowledgebase article Red Hat Enterprise Linux technology capabilities and limits.
- Information regarding the Red Hat Enterprise Linux life cycle is provided in the Red Hat Enterprise Linux Life Cycle document.
- The Package manifest document provides a package listing for RHEL 8.
- Major differences between RHEL 7 and RHEL 8 are documented in Considerations in adopting RHEL 8.
- Instructions on how to perform an in-place upgrade from RHEL 7 to RHEL 8 are provided by the document Upgrading to RHEL 8.
- The Red Hat Insights service, which enables you to proactively identify, examine, and resolve known technical issues, is now available with all RHEL subscriptions. For instructions on how to install the Red Hat Insights client and register your system to the service, see the Red Hat Insights Get Started page.
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