内容简介:上一篇我门对Jetpack组件中的
上一篇我门对Jetpack组件中的 Navigation
做了介绍,并且对其做了源码分析,相信看过之后已经对此有了一定的了解,本篇文章我们会对 Lifecycles
进行使用及源码的介绍,还没看上篇的可以看一下:
系列文章:
1. Jetpack源码解析---看完你就知道Navigation是什么了?
2. Jetpack源码解析---Navigation为什么切换Fragment会重绘?
2. 基础
2.1 简介
Lifecycles
是一个持有组件生命周期状态(如Activity、Fragment)信息的类,并允许其他对象观察此状态。可以帮助我们方便的管理 Activity
和 Fragment
的生命周期。
Lifecycle组件
中通过两个枚举类来跟踪其关联组件的生命周期:
2.2 基本使用
在我们的日常开发中,经常需要我们在Activity或者Fragment的生命周期方法中手动去管理一下资源的释放等行为。举个简单的例子,当我们做自定义相机扫描的时候,camera相关的资源就需要我们手动的去释放及开启预览;或者我们在使用MVP模式去开发的时候,P的创建和销毁也需要我们在生命周期方法中去操作。
通过 Lifecycles组件
我们可以这样使用:
我们可以定义一个Observer实现 LifecycleObserver
,并且在 Activity
或者 Fragment
中进行观察:
/** * created by ${Hankkin} * on 2019-06-10 */ class MyObserver : LifecycleObserver { @OnLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_START) fun onStart() { Log.e(javaClass.name, "-------onStart") } @OnLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_CREATE) fun onCreate() { Log.e(javaClass.name, "-------onCreate") } @OnLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_RESUME) fun onResume() { Log.e(javaClass.name, "-------onResume") } @OnLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_PAUSE) fun onPause() { Log.e(javaClass.name, "-------onPause") } @OnLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_STOP) fun onStop() { Log.e(javaClass.name, "-------onStop") } @OnLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_DESTROY) fun onDestroy() { Log.e(javaClass.name, "-------onDestroy") } } 复制代码
下面是Activity:
class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() { override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState) setContentView(R.layout.activity_main) lifecycle.addObserver(MyObserver()) Log.e(javaClass.name, "-------onCreate") } override fun onStart() { super.onStart() Log.e(javaClass.name, "-------onStart") } override fun onResume() { super.onResume() Log.e(javaClass.name, "-------onResume") } override fun onPause() { super.onPause() Log.e(javaClass.name, "-------onPause") } override fun onStop() { super.onStop() Log.e(javaClass.name, "-------onStop") } override fun onDestroy() { super.onDestroy() Log.e(javaClass.name, "-------onDestroy") } } 复制代码
启动Activity,我们可以看到控制台中的打印日志:
MainActivity: -------onCreate MyObserver: -------onCreate MainActivity: -------onStart MyObserver: -------onStart MainActivity: -------onResume MyObserver: -------onResume ...... 复制代码
通过控制台打印我们可以看到我们的观察者Activity和被观察者的日志均被打印了。具体是怎么实现的呢?
3. 源码分析
通过代码我们大概能看出来 Lifecycles
组件是通过观察者模式来实现的,接下来我们具体分析实现原理,我们发现在 Activity
和 Fragment
中可以直接通过 getLifecycle()
方法获取到 Lifecycle
,那么我们就从这里入手:
3.1 getLifecycle()
我们点击进去发现 ComponentActivity 中实现了 LifecycleOwner
接口, LifecycleOwner
接口中则声明了 getLifecycle()
方法,而 ComponentActivity 中直接返回了 mLifecycleRegistry :
public class ComponentActivity extends androidx.core.app.ComponentActivity implements LifecycleOwner, ViewModelStoreOwner, SavedStateRegistryOwner, OnBackPressedDispatcherOwner { private final LifecycleRegistry mLifecycleRegistry = new LifecycleRegistry(this); ...... @NonNull @Override public Lifecycle getLifecycle() { return mLifecycleRegistry; } 复制代码
LifecycleRegistry
是个什么东西呢?原来它继承了 Lifecycle
public class LifecycleRegistry extends Lifecycle 复制代码
3.2 Lifecycle和LifecycleRegistry
我们看一下Lifecycle类:
public abstract class Lifecycle { //注册LifecycleObserver (比如Presenter) public abstract void addObserver(@NonNull LifecycleObserver observer); //移除LifecycleObserver public abstract void removeObserver(@NonNull LifecycleObserver observer); //获取当前状态 public abstract State getCurrentState(); public enum Event { ON_CREATE, ON_START, ON_RESUME, ON_PAUSE, ON_STOP, ON_DESTROY, ON_ANY } public enum State { DESTROYED, INITIALIZED, CREATED, STARTED, RESUMED; public boolean isAtLeast(@NonNull State state) { return compareTo(state) >= 0; } } } 复制代码
Lifecycle中就是声明了一些抽象方法和两个状态的枚举类,具体的实现看 LifecycleRegistry :
public class LifecycleRegistry extends Lifecycle { // LifecycleObserver Map,每一个Observer都有一个State private FastSafeIterableMap<LifecycleObserver, ObserverWithState> mObserverMap = new FastSafeIterableMap<>(); // 当前的状态 private State mState; // 生命周期拥有者,ComponentActivity继承了LifecycleOwner private final WeakReference<LifecycleOwner> mLifecycleOwner; //修改State值 private void moveToState(State next) { if (mState == next) { return; } mState = next; if (mHandlingEvent || mAddingObserverCounter != 0) { mNewEventOccurred = true; // we will figure out what to do on upper level. return; } mHandlingEvent = true; sync(); mHandlingEvent = false; } /** * 添加LifecycleObserver观察者,并将之前的状态分发给这个Observer,例如我们在onResume之后注册这个Observer, * 该Observer依然能收到ON_CREATE事件 */ @Override public void addObserver(@NonNull LifecycleObserver observer) { State initialState = mState == DESTROYED ? DESTROYED : INITIALIZED; //新建带有状态的观察者 ObserverWithState statefulObserver = new ObserverWithState(observer, initialState); ObserverWithState previous = mObserverMap.putIfAbsent(observer, statefulObserver); ...... // 例如:Observer初始状态是INITIALIZED,当前状态是RESUMED,需要将INITIALIZED到RESUMED之间的 // 所有事件分发给Observer while ((statefulObserver.mState.compareTo(targetState) < 0 && mObserverMap.contains(observer))) { pushParentState(statefulObserver.mState); statefulObserver.dispatchEvent(lifecycleOwner, upEvent(statefulObserver.mState)); popParentState(); targetState = calculateTargetState(observer); } ...... } /** * 同步Observer状态,并分发事件 */ private void sync() { LifecycleOwner lfecycleOwner = mLifecycleOwner.get(); if (lifecycleOwner == null) { Log.w(LOG_TAG, "LifecycleOwner is garbage collected, you shouldn't try dispatch " + "new events from it."); return; } while (!isSynced()) { mNewEventOccurred = false; // State中,状态值是从DESTROYED-INITIALIZED-CREATED-STARTED-RESUMED增大 // 如果当前状态值 < Observer状态值,需要通知Observer减小状态值,直到等于当前状态值 if (mState.compareTo(mObserverMap.eldest().getValue().mState) < 0) { backwardPass(lifecycleOwner); } Entry<LifecycleObserver, ObserverWithState> newest = mObserverMap.newest(); // 如果当前状态值 > Observer状态值,需要通知Observer增大状态值,直到等于当前状态值 if (!mNewEventOccurred && newest != null && mState.compareTo(newest.getValue().mState) > 0) { forwardPass(lifecycleOwner); } } mNewEventOccurred = false; } /** * 向前传递事件,对应图中的INITIALIZED -> RESUMED * 增加Observer的状态值,直到状态值等于当前状态值 */ private void forwardPass(LifecycleOwner lifecycleOwner) { Iterator<Entry<LifecycleObserver, ObserverWithState>> ascendingIterator = mObserverMap.iteratorWithAdditions(); while (ascendingIterator.hasNext() && !mNewEventOccurred) { Entry<LifecycleObserver, ObserverWithState> entry = ascendingIterator.next(); ObserverWithState observer = entry.getValue(); while ((observer.mState.compareTo(mState) < 0 && !mNewEventOccurred && mObserverMap.contains(entry.getKey()))) { pushParentState(observer.mState); // 分发状态改变事件 observer.dispatchEvent(lifecycleOwner, upEvent(observer.mState)); popParentState(); } } } /** * 向后传递事件,对应图中的RESUMED -> DESTROYED * 减小Observer的状态值,直到状态值等于当前状态值 */ private void backwardPass(LifecycleOwner lifecycleOwner) { Iterator<Entry<LifecycleObserver, ObserverWithState>> descendingIterator = mObserverMap.descendingIterator(); while (descendingIterator.hasNext() && !mNewEventOccurred) { Entry<LifecycleObserver, ObserverWithState> entry = descendingIterator.next(); ObserverWithState observer = entry.getValue(); while ((observer.mState.compareTo(mState) > 0 && !mNewEventOccurred && mObserverMap.contains(entry.getKey()))) { Event event = downEvent(observer.mState); // 分发状态改变事件 pushParentState(getStateAfter(event)); observer.dispatchEvent(lifecycleOwner, event); popParentState(); } } } 复制代码
LifecycleRegistry
代码我门看完了,注释也已经很清楚了,基本作用就是添加观察者,响应生命周期事件,分发生命周期事件的作用。
3.3 ReportFragment
接下来我们继续分析 ComponentActivity
,我们在 onCreate()
声明周期中发现一个比较熟悉 ReportFragment
,这个fragment我以前在做内存泄漏优化的时候经常碰到,在leakcanary中经常会报出这个类,所以这里面看看 ReportFragment.injectIfNeededIn(this);
到底做了什么?
@RestrictTo(RestrictTo.Scope.LIBRARY_GROUP_PREFIX) public class ReportFragment extends Fragment { private static final String REPORT_FRAGMENT_TAG = "androidx.lifecycle" + ".LifecycleDispatcher.report_fragment_tag"; public static void injectIfNeededIn(Activity activity) { // ProcessLifecycleOwner should always correctly work and some activities may not extend // FragmentActivity from support lib, so we use framework fragments for activities android.app.FragmentManager manager = activity.getFragmentManager(); if (manager.findFragmentByTag(REPORT_FRAGMENT_TAG) == null) { manager.beginTransaction().add(new ReportFragment(), REPORT_FRAGMENT_TAG).commit(); // Hopefully, we are the first to make a transaction. manager.executePendingTransactions(); } } private void dispatchCreate(ActivityInitializationListener listener) { if (listener != null) { listener.onCreate(); } } private void dispatchStart(ActivityInitializationListener listener) { if (listener != null) { listener.onStart(); } } private void dispatchResume(ActivityInitializationListener listener) { if (listener != null) { listener.onResume(); } } @Override public void onActivityCreated(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onActivityCreated(savedInstanceState); dispatchCreate(mProcessListener); dispatch(Lifecycle.Event.ON_CREATE); } @Override public void onStart() { super.onStart(); dispatchStart(mProcessListener); dispatch(Lifecycle.Event.ON_START); } @Override public void onResume() { super.onResume(); dispatchResume(mProcessListener); dispatch(Lifecycle.Event.ON_RESUME); } @Override public void onPause() { super.onPause(); dispatch(Lifecycle.Event.ON_PAUSE); } @Override public void onStop() { super.onStop(); dispatch(Lifecycle.Event.ON_STOP); } @Override public void onDestroy() { super.onDestroy(); dispatch(Lifecycle.Event.ON_DESTROY); // just want to be sure that we won't leak reference to an activity mProcessListener = null; } private void dispatch(Lifecycle.Event event) { Activity activity = getActivity(); if (activity instanceof LifecycleRegistryOwner) { ((LifecycleRegistryOwner) activity).getLifecycle().handleLifecycleEvent(event); return; } if (activity instanceof LifecycleOwner) { Lifecycle lifecycle = ((LifecycleOwner) activity).getLifecycle(); if (lifecycle instanceof LifecycleRegistry) { ((LifecycleRegistry) lifecycle).handleLifecycleEvent(event); } } } 复制代码
查看源码我们发现, ReportFragment
在每个生命周期中都做了分发事件的处理,通过调用 getLifecycle().handleLifecycleEvent(event)
来做生命周期的分发。意思也就是在 ComponentActivity
中添加了一个没有页面的 ReportFragment
,当Activity生命周期变化的时候,通过调用 LifecycleRegistry.handleLifecycleEvent()
方法通知LifecycleRegistry改变状态,LifecycleRegistry内部调用 moveToState()
改变状态,并调用每个LifecycleObserver.onStateChange()方法通知生命周期变化。
我们通过查看ReportFragment调用,发现还有两个类也调用了它,一个是 LifecycleDispatcher
,一个是 ProcessLifecycleOwner
,这两个究竟是做什么的呢?
3.4 LifecycleDispatcher
class LifecycleDispatcher { private static AtomicBoolean sInitialized = new AtomicBoolean(false); static void init(Context context) { if (sInitialized.getAndSet(true)) { return; } ((Application) context.getApplicationContext()) .registerActivityLifecycleCallbacks(new DispatcherActivityCallback()); } @SuppressWarnings("WeakerAccess") @VisibleForTesting static class DispatcherActivityCallback extends EmptyActivityLifecycleCallbacks { @Override public void onActivityCreated(Activity activity, Bundle savedInstanceState) { ReportFragment.injectIfNeededIn(activity); } @Override public void onActivityStopped(Activity activity) { } @Override public void onActivitySaveInstanceState(Activity activity, Bundle outState) { } } private LifecycleDispatcher() { } } 复制代码
我们查看源码,发现在 init()
方法中,通过 Application
注册了 DispatcherActivityCallback
,并且在 onActivityCreated
中将 ReportFragment
注入到Activity中。
3.5 ProcessLifecycleOwner
public class ProcessLifecycleOwner implements LifecycleOwner { private final LifecycleRegistry mRegistry = new LifecycleRegistry(this); private Runnable mDelayedPauseRunnable = new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { dispatchPauseIfNeeded(); dispatchStopIfNeeded(); } }; private ActivityInitializationListener mInitializationListener = new ActivityInitializationListener() { @Override public void onCreate() { } @Override public void onStart() { activityStarted(); } @Override public void onResume() { activityResumed(); } }; private static final ProcessLifecycleOwner sInstance = new ProcessLifecycleOwner(); public static LifecycleOwner get() { return sInstance; } static void init(Context context) { sInstance.attach(context); } void activityStarted() { mStartedCounter++; if (mStartedCounter == 1 && mStopSent) { mRegistry.handleLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_START); mStopSent = false; } } void activityResumed() { mResumedCounter++; if (mResumedCounter == 1) { if (mPauseSent) { mRegistry.handleLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_RESUME); mPauseSent = false; } else { mHandler.removeCallbacks(mDelayedPauseRunnable); } } } ...... private void dispatchStopIfNeeded() { if (mStartedCounter == 0 && mPauseSent) { mRegistry.handleLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_STOP); mStopSent = true; } } private ProcessLifecycleOwner() { } //监听Application生命周期,并分发给Activity void attach(Context context) { mHandler = new Handler(); mRegistry.handleLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_CREATE); Application app = (Application) context.getApplicationContext(); app.registerActivityLifecycleCallbacks(new EmptyActivityLifecycleCallbacks() { @Override public void onActivityCreated(Activity activity, Bundle savedInstanceState) { ReportFragment.get(activity).setProcessListener(mInitializationListener); } @Override public void onActivityPaused(Activity activity) { activityPaused(); } @Override public void onActivityStopped(Activity activity) { activityStopped(); } }); } } 复制代码
根据官方注释,我们可以了解到:
- ProcessLifecycleOwner是用来监听Application生命周期的,因此它只会分发一次ON_CREATE事件,并且不会分发ON_DESTROY事件。
- ProcessLifecycleOwner在Activity的onResume和onStop方法中都采用了Handle.postDelayed()方法,是为了处理Activity重建时比如横竖屏幕切换时,不会发送事件。
- ProcessLifecycleOwner一般用来判断应用是在前台还是后台。但由于使用了Handle.postDelayed(),因此这个判断不是即时的,有默认700ms的延迟。
- ProcessLifecycleOwner与LifecycleDispatcher一样,都是通过注册Application.registerActivityLifecycleCallbacks来监听Activity的生命周期回调,来给每个Activity添加ReportFragment的。
看了着两个类我们发现它们的入口均为 init()
,所以看一下谁调用了?
3.6 ProcessLifecycleOwnerInitializer
public class ProcessLifecycleOwnerInitializer extends ContentProvider { @Override public boolean onCreate() { LifecycleDispatcher.init(getContext()); ProcessLifecycleOwner.init(getContext()); return true; } @Nullable @Override public Cursor query(@NonNull Uri uri, String[] strings, String s, String[] strings1, String s1) { return null; } @Nullable @Override public String getType(@NonNull Uri uri) { return null; } @Nullable @Override public Uri insert(@NonNull Uri uri, ContentValues contentValues) { return null; } @Override public int delete(@NonNull Uri uri, String s, String[] strings) { return 0; } @Override public int update(@NonNull Uri uri, ContentValues contentValues, String s, String[] strings) { return 0; } } 复制代码
果真,在 ProcessLifecycleOwnerInitializer
的 onCreate()
中对这两个进行了初始化,看类名可以翻译成_进程生命周期初始化_,到这里我们对该类就找不到调用者或者使用者了,所以不得不百度一下,发现有人说这个类是在 AndroidManifest.xml
中声明的,在构建APK过程中,AS会将多个模块的 AndroidManifest.xml
合并到一起,所以查看build目录,具体路径为 build/intermediates/bundle_manifest/debug/processDebugManifest/bundle-manifest/AndroidManifest.xml
,果真在里面:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package="com.hankkin.reading_aac" android:versionCode="1" android:versionName="1.0" > <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="19" android:targetSdkVersion="28" /> <application android:appComponentFactory="androidx.core.app.CoreComponentFactory" android:debuggable="true" android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher" android:label="@string/app_name" android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round" android:supportsRtl="true" android:testOnly="true" android:theme="@style/AppTheme" > <activity android:name="com.hankkin.reading_aac.ui.LoginActivity" > </activity> <activity android:name="com.hankkin.reading_aac.MainActivity" > <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" /> <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" /> </intent-filter> </activity> <provider android:name="androidx.lifecycle.ProcessLifecycleOwnerInitializer" android:authorities="com.hankkin.reading_aac.lifecycle-process" android:exported="false" android:multiprocess="true" /> </application> </manifest> 复制代码
到这里整个Lifecycle初始化的过程就结束了。
4. 总结
经过上面的源码分析,我们可以大概给整个 Lifecycle组件 分为三部分:
4.1 Lifecycle的初始化
通过在manifest中声明provider,`ProcessLifecycleOwnerInitializer`注册Activity和fragment.的声明周期回调并做监听,同时向Activity中添加一个空白的`ReportFragment`,使用它作为生命周期的事件分发。而当Activity和Fragment生命周期状态发生改变时,都通过LifecycleRegistryOwner来处理生命周期状态的改变。 复制代码
4.2 Lifecycle的状态改变及状态分发
在`ReportFragment`中调用`LifecycleRegister.handleLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event)`,通过**获取事件对应的下一个状态**以及**改变当前状态到下一个状态**,同步分发事件;最后将各个观察者的生命周期状态依次移动到正确状态。 复制代码
可以查看下面的时序图:
4.3 Lifecycle解析生命周期
我们声明的 MyObserver 中的方法都是带有注解的,查看 OnLifecycleEvent
:
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) @Target(ElementType.METHOD) public @interface OnLifecycleEvent { Lifecycle.Event value(); } 复制代码
注解修饰的方法会通过反射的方式获取,并且保存在 ClassesInfoCache
中,然后在生命周期发生改变的时候再找到对应 Event 的方法,通过反射来调用方法。
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