内容简介:上一篇我门对Jetpack组件中的
上一篇我门对Jetpack组件中的 Navigation
做了介绍,并且对其做了源码分析,相信看过之后已经对此有了一定的了解,本篇文章我们会对 Lifecycles
进行使用及源码的介绍,还没看上篇的可以看一下:
系列文章:
1. Jetpack源码解析---看完你就知道Navigation是什么了?
2. Jetpack源码解析---Navigation为什么切换Fragment会重绘?
2. 基础
2.1 简介
Lifecycles
是一个持有组件生命周期状态(如Activity、Fragment)信息的类,并允许其他对象观察此状态。可以帮助我们方便的管理 Activity
和 Fragment
的生命周期。
Lifecycle组件
中通过两个枚举类来跟踪其关联组件的生命周期:
2.2 基本使用
在我们的日常开发中,经常需要我们在Activity或者Fragment的生命周期方法中手动去管理一下资源的释放等行为。举个简单的例子,当我们做自定义相机扫描的时候,camera相关的资源就需要我们手动的去释放及开启预览;或者我们在使用MVP模式去开发的时候,P的创建和销毁也需要我们在生命周期方法中去操作。
通过 Lifecycles组件
我们可以这样使用:
我们可以定义一个Observer实现 LifecycleObserver
,并且在 Activity
或者 Fragment
中进行观察:
/** * created by ${Hankkin} * on 2019-06-10 */ class MyObserver : LifecycleObserver { @OnLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_START) fun onStart() { Log.e(javaClass.name, "-------onStart") } @OnLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_CREATE) fun onCreate() { Log.e(javaClass.name, "-------onCreate") } @OnLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_RESUME) fun onResume() { Log.e(javaClass.name, "-------onResume") } @OnLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_PAUSE) fun onPause() { Log.e(javaClass.name, "-------onPause") } @OnLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_STOP) fun onStop() { Log.e(javaClass.name, "-------onStop") } @OnLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_DESTROY) fun onDestroy() { Log.e(javaClass.name, "-------onDestroy") } } 复制代码
下面是Activity:
class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() { override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState) setContentView(R.layout.activity_main) lifecycle.addObserver(MyObserver()) Log.e(javaClass.name, "-------onCreate") } override fun onStart() { super.onStart() Log.e(javaClass.name, "-------onStart") } override fun onResume() { super.onResume() Log.e(javaClass.name, "-------onResume") } override fun onPause() { super.onPause() Log.e(javaClass.name, "-------onPause") } override fun onStop() { super.onStop() Log.e(javaClass.name, "-------onStop") } override fun onDestroy() { super.onDestroy() Log.e(javaClass.name, "-------onDestroy") } } 复制代码
启动Activity,我们可以看到控制台中的打印日志:
MainActivity: -------onCreate MyObserver: -------onCreate MainActivity: -------onStart MyObserver: -------onStart MainActivity: -------onResume MyObserver: -------onResume ...... 复制代码
通过控制台打印我们可以看到我们的观察者Activity和被观察者的日志均被打印了。具体是怎么实现的呢?
3. 源码分析
通过代码我们大概能看出来 Lifecycles
组件是通过观察者模式来实现的,接下来我们具体分析实现原理,我们发现在 Activity
和 Fragment
中可以直接通过 getLifecycle()
方法获取到 Lifecycle
,那么我们就从这里入手:
3.1 getLifecycle()
我们点击进去发现 ComponentActivity 中实现了 LifecycleOwner
接口, LifecycleOwner
接口中则声明了 getLifecycle()
方法,而 ComponentActivity 中直接返回了 mLifecycleRegistry :
public class ComponentActivity extends androidx.core.app.ComponentActivity implements LifecycleOwner, ViewModelStoreOwner, SavedStateRegistryOwner, OnBackPressedDispatcherOwner { private final LifecycleRegistry mLifecycleRegistry = new LifecycleRegistry(this); ...... @NonNull @Override public Lifecycle getLifecycle() { return mLifecycleRegistry; } 复制代码
LifecycleRegistry
是个什么东西呢?原来它继承了 Lifecycle
public class LifecycleRegistry extends Lifecycle 复制代码
3.2 Lifecycle和LifecycleRegistry
我们看一下Lifecycle类:
public abstract class Lifecycle { //注册LifecycleObserver (比如Presenter) public abstract void addObserver(@NonNull LifecycleObserver observer); //移除LifecycleObserver public abstract void removeObserver(@NonNull LifecycleObserver observer); //获取当前状态 public abstract State getCurrentState(); public enum Event { ON_CREATE, ON_START, ON_RESUME, ON_PAUSE, ON_STOP, ON_DESTROY, ON_ANY } public enum State { DESTROYED, INITIALIZED, CREATED, STARTED, RESUMED; public boolean isAtLeast(@NonNull State state) { return compareTo(state) >= 0; } } } 复制代码
Lifecycle中就是声明了一些抽象方法和两个状态的枚举类,具体的实现看 LifecycleRegistry :
public class LifecycleRegistry extends Lifecycle { // LifecycleObserver Map,每一个Observer都有一个State private FastSafeIterableMap<LifecycleObserver, ObserverWithState> mObserverMap = new FastSafeIterableMap<>(); // 当前的状态 private State mState; // 生命周期拥有者,ComponentActivity继承了LifecycleOwner private final WeakReference<LifecycleOwner> mLifecycleOwner; //修改State值 private void moveToState(State next) { if (mState == next) { return; } mState = next; if (mHandlingEvent || mAddingObserverCounter != 0) { mNewEventOccurred = true; // we will figure out what to do on upper level. return; } mHandlingEvent = true; sync(); mHandlingEvent = false; } /** * 添加LifecycleObserver观察者,并将之前的状态分发给这个Observer,例如我们在onResume之后注册这个Observer, * 该Observer依然能收到ON_CREATE事件 */ @Override public void addObserver(@NonNull LifecycleObserver observer) { State initialState = mState == DESTROYED ? DESTROYED : INITIALIZED; //新建带有状态的观察者 ObserverWithState statefulObserver = new ObserverWithState(observer, initialState); ObserverWithState previous = mObserverMap.putIfAbsent(observer, statefulObserver); ...... // 例如:Observer初始状态是INITIALIZED,当前状态是RESUMED,需要将INITIALIZED到RESUMED之间的 // 所有事件分发给Observer while ((statefulObserver.mState.compareTo(targetState) < 0 && mObserverMap.contains(observer))) { pushParentState(statefulObserver.mState); statefulObserver.dispatchEvent(lifecycleOwner, upEvent(statefulObserver.mState)); popParentState(); targetState = calculateTargetState(observer); } ...... } /** * 同步Observer状态,并分发事件 */ private void sync() { LifecycleOwner lfecycleOwner = mLifecycleOwner.get(); if (lifecycleOwner == null) { Log.w(LOG_TAG, "LifecycleOwner is garbage collected, you shouldn't try dispatch " + "new events from it."); return; } while (!isSynced()) { mNewEventOccurred = false; // State中,状态值是从DESTROYED-INITIALIZED-CREATED-STARTED-RESUMED增大 // 如果当前状态值 < Observer状态值,需要通知Observer减小状态值,直到等于当前状态值 if (mState.compareTo(mObserverMap.eldest().getValue().mState) < 0) { backwardPass(lifecycleOwner); } Entry<LifecycleObserver, ObserverWithState> newest = mObserverMap.newest(); // 如果当前状态值 > Observer状态值,需要通知Observer增大状态值,直到等于当前状态值 if (!mNewEventOccurred && newest != null && mState.compareTo(newest.getValue().mState) > 0) { forwardPass(lifecycleOwner); } } mNewEventOccurred = false; } /** * 向前传递事件,对应图中的INITIALIZED -> RESUMED * 增加Observer的状态值,直到状态值等于当前状态值 */ private void forwardPass(LifecycleOwner lifecycleOwner) { Iterator<Entry<LifecycleObserver, ObserverWithState>> ascendingIterator = mObserverMap.iteratorWithAdditions(); while (ascendingIterator.hasNext() && !mNewEventOccurred) { Entry<LifecycleObserver, ObserverWithState> entry = ascendingIterator.next(); ObserverWithState observer = entry.getValue(); while ((observer.mState.compareTo(mState) < 0 && !mNewEventOccurred && mObserverMap.contains(entry.getKey()))) { pushParentState(observer.mState); // 分发状态改变事件 observer.dispatchEvent(lifecycleOwner, upEvent(observer.mState)); popParentState(); } } } /** * 向后传递事件,对应图中的RESUMED -> DESTROYED * 减小Observer的状态值,直到状态值等于当前状态值 */ private void backwardPass(LifecycleOwner lifecycleOwner) { Iterator<Entry<LifecycleObserver, ObserverWithState>> descendingIterator = mObserverMap.descendingIterator(); while (descendingIterator.hasNext() && !mNewEventOccurred) { Entry<LifecycleObserver, ObserverWithState> entry = descendingIterator.next(); ObserverWithState observer = entry.getValue(); while ((observer.mState.compareTo(mState) > 0 && !mNewEventOccurred && mObserverMap.contains(entry.getKey()))) { Event event = downEvent(observer.mState); // 分发状态改变事件 pushParentState(getStateAfter(event)); observer.dispatchEvent(lifecycleOwner, event); popParentState(); } } } 复制代码
LifecycleRegistry
代码我门看完了,注释也已经很清楚了,基本作用就是添加观察者,响应生命周期事件,分发生命周期事件的作用。
3.3 ReportFragment
接下来我们继续分析 ComponentActivity
,我们在 onCreate()
声明周期中发现一个比较熟悉 ReportFragment
,这个fragment我以前在做内存泄漏优化的时候经常碰到,在leakcanary中经常会报出这个类,所以这里面看看 ReportFragment.injectIfNeededIn(this);
到底做了什么?
@RestrictTo(RestrictTo.Scope.LIBRARY_GROUP_PREFIX) public class ReportFragment extends Fragment { private static final String REPORT_FRAGMENT_TAG = "androidx.lifecycle" + ".LifecycleDispatcher.report_fragment_tag"; public static void injectIfNeededIn(Activity activity) { // ProcessLifecycleOwner should always correctly work and some activities may not extend // FragmentActivity from support lib, so we use framework fragments for activities android.app.FragmentManager manager = activity.getFragmentManager(); if (manager.findFragmentByTag(REPORT_FRAGMENT_TAG) == null) { manager.beginTransaction().add(new ReportFragment(), REPORT_FRAGMENT_TAG).commit(); // Hopefully, we are the first to make a transaction. manager.executePendingTransactions(); } } private void dispatchCreate(ActivityInitializationListener listener) { if (listener != null) { listener.onCreate(); } } private void dispatchStart(ActivityInitializationListener listener) { if (listener != null) { listener.onStart(); } } private void dispatchResume(ActivityInitializationListener listener) { if (listener != null) { listener.onResume(); } } @Override public void onActivityCreated(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onActivityCreated(savedInstanceState); dispatchCreate(mProcessListener); dispatch(Lifecycle.Event.ON_CREATE); } @Override public void onStart() { super.onStart(); dispatchStart(mProcessListener); dispatch(Lifecycle.Event.ON_START); } @Override public void onResume() { super.onResume(); dispatchResume(mProcessListener); dispatch(Lifecycle.Event.ON_RESUME); } @Override public void onPause() { super.onPause(); dispatch(Lifecycle.Event.ON_PAUSE); } @Override public void onStop() { super.onStop(); dispatch(Lifecycle.Event.ON_STOP); } @Override public void onDestroy() { super.onDestroy(); dispatch(Lifecycle.Event.ON_DESTROY); // just want to be sure that we won't leak reference to an activity mProcessListener = null; } private void dispatch(Lifecycle.Event event) { Activity activity = getActivity(); if (activity instanceof LifecycleRegistryOwner) { ((LifecycleRegistryOwner) activity).getLifecycle().handleLifecycleEvent(event); return; } if (activity instanceof LifecycleOwner) { Lifecycle lifecycle = ((LifecycleOwner) activity).getLifecycle(); if (lifecycle instanceof LifecycleRegistry) { ((LifecycleRegistry) lifecycle).handleLifecycleEvent(event); } } } 复制代码
查看源码我们发现, ReportFragment
在每个生命周期中都做了分发事件的处理,通过调用 getLifecycle().handleLifecycleEvent(event)
来做生命周期的分发。意思也就是在 ComponentActivity
中添加了一个没有页面的 ReportFragment
,当Activity生命周期变化的时候,通过调用 LifecycleRegistry.handleLifecycleEvent()
方法通知LifecycleRegistry改变状态,LifecycleRegistry内部调用 moveToState()
改变状态,并调用每个LifecycleObserver.onStateChange()方法通知生命周期变化。
我们通过查看ReportFragment调用,发现还有两个类也调用了它,一个是 LifecycleDispatcher
,一个是 ProcessLifecycleOwner
,这两个究竟是做什么的呢?
3.4 LifecycleDispatcher
class LifecycleDispatcher { private static AtomicBoolean sInitialized = new AtomicBoolean(false); static void init(Context context) { if (sInitialized.getAndSet(true)) { return; } ((Application) context.getApplicationContext()) .registerActivityLifecycleCallbacks(new DispatcherActivityCallback()); } @SuppressWarnings("WeakerAccess") @VisibleForTesting static class DispatcherActivityCallback extends EmptyActivityLifecycleCallbacks { @Override public void onActivityCreated(Activity activity, Bundle savedInstanceState) { ReportFragment.injectIfNeededIn(activity); } @Override public void onActivityStopped(Activity activity) { } @Override public void onActivitySaveInstanceState(Activity activity, Bundle outState) { } } private LifecycleDispatcher() { } } 复制代码
我们查看源码,发现在 init()
方法中,通过 Application
注册了 DispatcherActivityCallback
,并且在 onActivityCreated
中将 ReportFragment
注入到Activity中。
3.5 ProcessLifecycleOwner
public class ProcessLifecycleOwner implements LifecycleOwner { private final LifecycleRegistry mRegistry = new LifecycleRegistry(this); private Runnable mDelayedPauseRunnable = new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { dispatchPauseIfNeeded(); dispatchStopIfNeeded(); } }; private ActivityInitializationListener mInitializationListener = new ActivityInitializationListener() { @Override public void onCreate() { } @Override public void onStart() { activityStarted(); } @Override public void onResume() { activityResumed(); } }; private static final ProcessLifecycleOwner sInstance = new ProcessLifecycleOwner(); public static LifecycleOwner get() { return sInstance; } static void init(Context context) { sInstance.attach(context); } void activityStarted() { mStartedCounter++; if (mStartedCounter == 1 && mStopSent) { mRegistry.handleLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_START); mStopSent = false; } } void activityResumed() { mResumedCounter++; if (mResumedCounter == 1) { if (mPauseSent) { mRegistry.handleLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_RESUME); mPauseSent = false; } else { mHandler.removeCallbacks(mDelayedPauseRunnable); } } } ...... private void dispatchStopIfNeeded() { if (mStartedCounter == 0 && mPauseSent) { mRegistry.handleLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_STOP); mStopSent = true; } } private ProcessLifecycleOwner() { } //监听Application生命周期,并分发给Activity void attach(Context context) { mHandler = new Handler(); mRegistry.handleLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_CREATE); Application app = (Application) context.getApplicationContext(); app.registerActivityLifecycleCallbacks(new EmptyActivityLifecycleCallbacks() { @Override public void onActivityCreated(Activity activity, Bundle savedInstanceState) { ReportFragment.get(activity).setProcessListener(mInitializationListener); } @Override public void onActivityPaused(Activity activity) { activityPaused(); } @Override public void onActivityStopped(Activity activity) { activityStopped(); } }); } } 复制代码
根据官方注释,我们可以了解到:
- ProcessLifecycleOwner是用来监听Application生命周期的,因此它只会分发一次ON_CREATE事件,并且不会分发ON_DESTROY事件。
- ProcessLifecycleOwner在Activity的onResume和onStop方法中都采用了Handle.postDelayed()方法,是为了处理Activity重建时比如横竖屏幕切换时,不会发送事件。
- ProcessLifecycleOwner一般用来判断应用是在前台还是后台。但由于使用了Handle.postDelayed(),因此这个判断不是即时的,有默认700ms的延迟。
- ProcessLifecycleOwner与LifecycleDispatcher一样,都是通过注册Application.registerActivityLifecycleCallbacks来监听Activity的生命周期回调,来给每个Activity添加ReportFragment的。
看了着两个类我们发现它们的入口均为 init()
,所以看一下谁调用了?
3.6 ProcessLifecycleOwnerInitializer
public class ProcessLifecycleOwnerInitializer extends ContentProvider { @Override public boolean onCreate() { LifecycleDispatcher.init(getContext()); ProcessLifecycleOwner.init(getContext()); return true; } @Nullable @Override public Cursor query(@NonNull Uri uri, String[] strings, String s, String[] strings1, String s1) { return null; } @Nullable @Override public String getType(@NonNull Uri uri) { return null; } @Nullable @Override public Uri insert(@NonNull Uri uri, ContentValues contentValues) { return null; } @Override public int delete(@NonNull Uri uri, String s, String[] strings) { return 0; } @Override public int update(@NonNull Uri uri, ContentValues contentValues, String s, String[] strings) { return 0; } } 复制代码
果真,在 ProcessLifecycleOwnerInitializer
的 onCreate()
中对这两个进行了初始化,看类名可以翻译成_进程生命周期初始化_,到这里我们对该类就找不到调用者或者使用者了,所以不得不百度一下,发现有人说这个类是在 AndroidManifest.xml
中声明的,在构建APK过程中,AS会将多个模块的 AndroidManifest.xml
合并到一起,所以查看build目录,具体路径为 build/intermediates/bundle_manifest/debug/processDebugManifest/bundle-manifest/AndroidManifest.xml
,果真在里面:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package="com.hankkin.reading_aac" android:versionCode="1" android:versionName="1.0" > <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="19" android:targetSdkVersion="28" /> <application android:appComponentFactory="androidx.core.app.CoreComponentFactory" android:debuggable="true" android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher" android:label="@string/app_name" android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round" android:supportsRtl="true" android:testOnly="true" android:theme="@style/AppTheme" > <activity android:name="com.hankkin.reading_aac.ui.LoginActivity" > </activity> <activity android:name="com.hankkin.reading_aac.MainActivity" > <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" /> <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" /> </intent-filter> </activity> <provider android:name="androidx.lifecycle.ProcessLifecycleOwnerInitializer" android:authorities="com.hankkin.reading_aac.lifecycle-process" android:exported="false" android:multiprocess="true" /> </application> </manifest> 复制代码
到这里整个Lifecycle初始化的过程就结束了。
4. 总结
经过上面的源码分析,我们可以大概给整个 Lifecycle组件 分为三部分:
4.1 Lifecycle的初始化
通过在manifest中声明provider,`ProcessLifecycleOwnerInitializer`注册Activity和fragment.的声明周期回调并做监听,同时向Activity中添加一个空白的`ReportFragment`,使用它作为生命周期的事件分发。而当Activity和Fragment生命周期状态发生改变时,都通过LifecycleRegistryOwner来处理生命周期状态的改变。 复制代码
4.2 Lifecycle的状态改变及状态分发
在`ReportFragment`中调用`LifecycleRegister.handleLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event)`,通过**获取事件对应的下一个状态**以及**改变当前状态到下一个状态**,同步分发事件;最后将各个观察者的生命周期状态依次移动到正确状态。 复制代码
可以查看下面的时序图:
4.3 Lifecycle解析生命周期
我们声明的 MyObserver 中的方法都是带有注解的,查看 OnLifecycleEvent
:
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) @Target(ElementType.METHOD) public @interface OnLifecycleEvent { Lifecycle.Event value(); } 复制代码
注解修饰的方法会通过反射的方式获取,并且保存在 ClassesInfoCache
中,然后在生命周期发生改变的时候再找到对应 Event 的方法,通过反射来调用方法。
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Compilers
Alfred V. Aho、Monica S. Lam、Ravi Sethi、Jeffrey D. Ullman / Addison Wesley / 2006-9-10 / USD 186.80
This book provides the foundation for understanding the theory and pracitce of compilers. Revised and updated, it reflects the current state of compilation. Every chapter has been completely revised ......一起来看看 《Compilers》 这本书的介绍吧!
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