C# 获取 Windows 操作系统版本和名称

1. 概述

从 Windows 10 开始，微软已经弃用了 GetVersionEx 方式获取 Windows 系统版本 [官方解释] 。这就导致网上一大批C#获取 Windows 版本的代码把 Windows 10 识别为 Windows 8。比如我的电脑 Windows 10 就被识别成 6.2.9200，进而判断出是 Windows 8。

按照微软官方论坛提示，可以通过 WMI(Windows Management Instruction) 获取正确系统的版本号。下面把传统获取方式、WMI获取方式和直接获取操作系统名称的三个方法列出来。

2. 展示

2.1 传统获取方式（弃用）

传统获取 Windows 系统版本的方法：先获取 Windows 系统的版本号，再通过版本号比对出操作系统名称。

public static string get_OSVersion()
{
    //Get Operating system information.
    OperatingSystem os = Environment.OSVersion;
    //Get version information about the os.
    Version vs = os.Version;

    //Variable to hold our return value
    string operatingSystem = "";

    if (os.Platform == PlatformID.Win32Windows)
    {
        //This is a pre-NT version of Windows
        switch (vs.Minor)
        {
            case 0:
                operatingSystem = "95";
                break;
            case 10:
                if (vs.Revision.ToString() == "2222A")
                    operatingSystem = "98SE";
                else
                    operatingSystem = "98";
                break;
            case 90:
                operatingSystem = "Me";
                break;
            default:
                break;
        }
    }
    else if (os.Platform == PlatformID.Win32NT)
    {
        switch (vs.Major)
        {
            case 3:
                operatingSystem = "NT 3.51";
                break;
            case 4:
                operatingSystem = "NT 4.0";
                break;
            case 5:
                if (vs.Minor == 0)
                    operatingSystem = "2000";
                else
                    operatingSystem = "XP";
                break;
            case 6:
                if (vs.Minor == 0)
                    operatingSystem = "Vista";
                else if (vs.Minor == 1)
                    operatingSystem = "7";
                else if (vs.Minor == 2)
                    operatingSystem = "8";
                else
                    operatingSystem = "8.1";
                break;
            case 10:
                operatingSystem = "10";
                break;
            default:
                break;
        }
    }
    //Make sure we actually got something in our OS check
    //We don't want to just return " Service Pack 2" or " 32-bit"
    //That information is useless without the OS version.
    if (operatingSystem != "")
    {
        //Got something.  Let's prepend "Windows" and get more info.
        operatingSystem = "Windows " + operatingSystem;
        //See if there's a service pack installed.
        if (os.ServicePack != "")
        {
            //Append it to the OS name.  i.e. "Windows XP Service Pack 3"
            operatingSystem += " " + os.ServicePack;
        }
        //Append the OS architecture.  i.e. "Windows XP Service Pack 3 32-bit"
        //operatingSystem += " " + getOSArchitecture().ToString() + "-bit";
    }
    //Return the information we've gathered.
    return operatingSystem;
}

3.2 通过 WMI 获取操作系统版本

public static string get_OSVersion()
{
    try
    {
        ManagementObject mo = GetMngObj("Win32_OperatingSystem");

        if (null == mo)
            return string.Empty;

        return mo["Version"] as string;
    }
    catch (Exception e)
    {
        return string.Empty;
    }
}

如下图所示，获取 Windows 10 操作系统版本号正确。

3.3 直接获取操作系统名称

根据下面的 Windows 操作系统名称和版本好的对应关系表，可以发现很多不同系列的操作系统拥有相同的主版本号和子版本号，因此通过比对版本号的方式来判断操作系统名称是很不靠谱。

+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                          |   PlatformID    |   Major version   |   Minor version   |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Windows 95               |  Win32Windows   |         4         |          0        |
| Windows 98               |  Win32Windows   |         4         |         10        |
| Windows Me               |  Win32Windows   |         4         |         90        |
| Windows NT 4.0           |  Win32NT        |         4         |          0        |
| Windows 2000             |  Win32NT        |         5         |          0        |
| Windows XP               |  Win32NT        |         5         |          1        |
| Windows XP 64-Bit Edition|  Win32NT        |         5         |          1        |
| Windows 2003             |  Win32NT        |         5         |          2        |
| Windows Server 2003      |  Win32NT        |         5         |          2        |
| Windows Server 2003 R2   |  Win32NT        |         5         |          2        |
| Windows 2003             |  Win32NT        |         5         |          2        |
| Windows Vista            |  Win32NT        |         6         |          0        |
| Windows 2008             |  Win32NT        |         6         |          0        |
| Windows Server 2008      |  Win32NT        |         6         |          0        |
| Windows 7                |  Win32NT        |         6         |          1        |
| Windows 2008 R2          |  Win32NT        |         6         |          1        |
| Windows Server 2008 R2   |  Win32NT        |         6         |          1        |
| Windows 8                |  Win32NT        |         6         |          2        |
| Windows Server 2012      |  Win32NT        |         6         |          2        |
| Windows 8.1              |  Win32NT        |         6         |          3        |
| Windows Server 2012 R2   |  Win32NT        |         6         |          3        |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Windows Server 2016 Technical Preview|  Win32NT| 10            |          0        |
| Windows 10               |  Win32NT        |        10         |          0        |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

本文提供了一种简单获取操作系统名称的方式：

new ComputerInfo().OSFullName

需要引用库：using Microsoft.VisualBasic.Devices;

实际测试了 Windows 10 、Windows 2012 R2 和 Windows 2008 R2，如下图所示：

以上，其他版本的操作系统如果获取有问题，还请留言告知，谢谢！

3. 参考内容：

1. windows 10 version 6.2-9200