Java线程生命周期与状态切换

public enum State {
      
    NEW,

    RUNNABLE,

    BLOCKED,

    WAITING,

    TIMED_WAITING,

    TERMINATED;
}

/**
 * Thread state for a thread which has not yet started.
 *
 */
NEW,

public class ThreadState {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        Thread thread = new Thread();
        System.out.println(thread.getState());
    }
}

// 输出结果
NEW

/**
 * Thread state for a runnable thread.  A thread in the runnable
 * state is executing in the Java virtual machine but it may
 * be waiting for other resources from the operating system
 * such as processor.
 */
RUNNABLE,

public class ThreadState1 {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        Thread thread = new Thread(()-> {
            while (true){
                Thread.yield();
            }
        });
        thread.start();
        Thread.sleep(2000);
        System.out.println(thread.getState());
    }
}
// 输出结果
RUNNABLE

/**
 * Thread state for a waiting thread.
 * A thread is in the waiting state due to calling one of the
 * following methods:
 * <ul>
 *   <li>{@link Object#wait() Object.wait} with no timeout</li>
 *   <li>{@link #join() Thread.join} with no timeout</li>
 *   <li>{@link LockSupport#park() LockSupport.park}</li>
 * </ul>
 *
 * <p>A thread in the waiting state is waiting for another thread to
 * perform a particular action.
 *
 * For example, a thread that has called {@code Object.wait()}
 * on an object is waiting for another thread to call
 * {@code Object.notify()} or {@code Object.notifyAll()} on
 * that object. A thread that has called {@code Thread.join()}
 * is waiting for a specified thread to terminate.
 */
 WAITING,

public final void join() throws InterruptedException {
    join(0);
}

public final synchronized void join(long millis)throws InterruptedException {
    long base = System.currentTimeMillis();
    long now = 0;

    if (millis < 0) {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("timeout value is negative");
    }

    if (millis == 0) {
        while (isAlive()) {
            wait(0);
        }
    } else {
        while (isAlive()) {
            long delay = millis - now;
            if (delay <= 0) {
                break;
            }
            wait(delay);
            now = System.currentTimeMillis() - base;
        }
    }
}

public class ThreadState3 {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        Thread thread = new Thread(()-> {
            LockSupport.park();
            while (true){
                Thread.yield();
            }
        });
        thread.start();
        Thread.sleep(50);
        System.out.println(thread.getState());
        LockSupport.unpark(thread);
        Thread.sleep(50);
        System.out.println(thread.getState());
    }
}
// 输出结果
WAITING
RUNNABLE

/**
* Thread state for a waiting thread with a specified waiting time.
* A thread is in the timed waiting state due to calling one of
* the following methods with a specified positive waiting time:
* <ul>
*   <li>{@link #sleep Thread.sleep}</li>
*   <li>{@link Object#wait(long) Object.wait} with timeout</li>
*   <li>{@link #join(long) Thread.join} with timeout</li>
*   <li>{@link LockSupport#parkNanos LockSupport.parkNanos}</li>
*   <li>{@link LockSupport#parkUntil LockSupport.parkUntil}</li>
* </ul>
*/
TIMED_WAITING,

public class ThreadState4 {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        Thread thread = new Thread(()-> {
            try {
                Thread.sleep(1000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                //ignore
            }
        });
        thread.start();
        Thread.sleep(50);
        System.out.println(thread.getState());
        Thread.sleep(1000);
        System.out.println(thread.getState());
    }
}
// 输出结果
TIMED_WAITING
TERMINATED

/**
* Thread state for a thread blocked waiting for a monitor lock.
* A thread in the blocked state is waiting for a monitor lock
* to enter a synchronized block/method or
* reenter a synchronized block/method after calling
* {@link Object#wait() Object.wait}.
*/
BLOCKED,

public class ThreadState6 {

    private static final Object MONITOR = new Object();

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        Thread thread1 = new Thread(()-> {
            synchronized (MONITOR){
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(Integer.MAX_VALUE);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    //ignore
                }
            }
        });
        Thread thread2 = new Thread(()-> {
            synchronized (MONITOR){
                System.out.println("thread2 got monitor lock...");
            }
        });
        thread1.start();
        Thread.sleep(50);
        thread2.start();
        Thread.sleep(50);
        System.out.println(thread2.getState());
    }
}
// 输出结果
BLOCKED

public class ThreadState7 {

    private static final Object MONITOR = new Object();
    private static final DateTimeFormatter F = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        System.out.println(String.format("[%s]-begin...", F.format(LocalDateTime.now())));
        Thread thread1 = new Thread(() -> {
            synchronized (MONITOR) {
                System.out.println(String.format("[%s]-thread1 got monitor lock...", F.format(LocalDateTime.now())));
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                    MONITOR.wait();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    //ignore
                }
                System.out.println(String.format("[%s]-thread1 exit waiting...", F.format(LocalDateTime.now())));
            }
        });
        Thread thread2 = new Thread(() -> {
            synchronized (MONITOR) {
                System.out.println(String.format("[%s]-thread2 got monitor lock...", F.format(LocalDateTime.now())));
                try {
                    MONITOR.notify();
                    Thread.sleep(2000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    //ignore
                }
                System.out.println(String.format("[%s]-thread2 releases monitor lock...", F.format(LocalDateTime.now())));
            }
        });
        thread1.start();
        thread2.start();
        // 这里故意让主线程sleep 1500毫秒从而让thread2调用了Object#notify()并且尚未退出同步代码块，确保thread1调用了Object#wait()
        Thread.sleep(1500);  
        System.out.println(thread1.getState());
        System.out.println(String.format("[%s]-end...", F.format(LocalDateTime.now())));
    }
}
// 某个时刻的输出如下：
[2019-06-20 00:30:22]-begin...
[2019-06-20 00:30:22]-thread1 got monitor lock...
[2019-06-20 00:30:23]-thread2 got monitor lock...
BLOCKED
[2019-06-20 00:30:23]-end...
[2019-06-20 00:30:25]-thread2 releases monitor lock...
[2019-06-20 00:30:25]-thread1 exit waiting...

/**
 * Thread state for a terminated thread.
 * The thread has completed execution.
 */ 
TERMINATED;

public class ThreadState8 {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        Thread thread = new Thread(() -> {

        });
        thread.start();
        Thread.sleep(50);
        System.out.println(thread.getState());
    }
}
// 输出结果
TERMINATED

$ vmstat 1

$ perf stat -e cpu-clock,task-clock,cs,cache-reference,cache-misses java YourJavaClass

jstack 11376