MySQL生产环境级别部署

不少公司还在使用 MySQL 5.6，所以本文章依旧以5.6为例演示。下载地址，分享码为：pvvc。将MySQL安装在/usr/local目录下。

# 切换到安装路径
[root@hadoop001 ~]# cd /usr/local

# 检查之前是否有MySQL安装
[root@hadoop001 local]# ps -ef|grep mysqld
root      2493  2423  0 19:48 pts/3    00:00:00 grep mysqld
[root@hadoop001 local]# rpm -qa |grep -i mysql

# 解压并创建软链接
[root@hadoop001 local]# tar xzvf mysql-5.6.23-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@hadoop001 local]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql-5.6.23-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql
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为什么要创建软链接，请看我的上篇文章，详细介绍软链接使用场景，这就是其中一种。

创建MySQL的用户和用户组

创建MySQL专属的用户，可以做到其他用户不会误操作导致数据库出问题，生产上权限控制是很重要的。

# 创建dba用户组
[root@hadoop001 local]# groupadd -g 101 dba

# 创建一个家目录在/usr/local/mysql且主组为dba的用户mysqladmin
[root@hadoop001 local]# useradd -u 514 -g dba -G root -d /usr/local/mysql mysqladmin
[root@hadoop001 local]# id mysqladmin
uid=514(mysqladmin) gid=101(dba) groups=101(dba),0(root)

# 赋予mysqladmin用户密码
[root@hadoop001 local]# passwd mysqladmin

# copy 环境变量配置文件至mysqladmin用户的home目录
[root@hadoop001 local]# cp /etc/skel/.* /usr/local/mysql/

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因为该用户以软链接为家目录，不存在个人环境变量配置文件(也就是以.开头的隐藏文件)，如果不太清楚的同学请看之前的 Linux基础知识系列之二 的用户/用户组命令集合部分，详细介绍这种操作的使用场景。

创建MySQL的配置文件

我们所使用的配置文件在/etc/my.conf目录，如果你的系统有这个文件，请清空文件，将下方内容拷贝进文件。

[client]
port            = 3306
socket          = /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock
 
[mysqld]
port            = 3306
socket          = /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock

skip-external-locking
key_buffer_size = 256M
sort_buffer_size = 2M
read_buffer_size = 2M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 4M
query_cache_size= 32M
max_allowed_packet = 16M
myisam_sort_buffer_size=128M
tmp_table_size=32M

table_open_cache = 512
thread_cache_size = 8
wait_timeout = 86400
interactive_timeout = 86400
max_connections = 600

# Try number of CPU's*2 for thread_concurrency
thread_concurrency = 32

#isolation level and default engine 
default-storage-engine = INNODB
transaction-isolation = READ-COMMITTED

server-id  = 1
basedir     = /usr/local/mysql
datadir     = /usr/local/mysql/data
pid-file     = /usr/local/mysql/data/hostname.pid

#open performance schema
log-warnings
sysdate-is-now

binlog_format = MIXED
log_bin_trust_function_creators=1
log-error  = /usr/local/mysql/data/hostname.err
log-bin=/usr/local/mysql/arch/mysql-bin
#other logs
#general_log =1
#general_log_file  = /usr/local/mysql/data/general_log.err
#slow_query_log=1
#slow_query_log_file=/usr/local/mysql/data/slow_log.err

#for replication slave
#log-slave-updates 
#sync_binlog = 1

#for innodb options 
innodb_data_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data/
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:500M:autoextend
innodb_log_group_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/arch
innodb_log_files_in_group = 2
innodb_log_file_size = 200M

innodb_buffer_pool_size = 2048M          <-- 如果你的服务器内存小于等于4G，请调成1024M
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 50M
innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M

innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 100
#innodb_thread_concurrency = 0
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
innodb_locks_unsafe_for_binlog=1

#innodb io features: add for mysql5.5.8
performance_schema
innodb_read_io_threads=4
innodb-write-io-threads=4
innodb-io-capacity=200
#purge threads change default(0) to 1 for purge
innodb_purge_threads=1
innodb_use_native_aio=on

#case-sensitive file names and separate tablespace
innodb_file_per_table = 1
lower_case_table_names=1

[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M

[mysql]
no-auto-rehash

[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout

[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 256M
sort_buffer_size = 256M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M
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默认的读取配置文件顺序为： /etc/my.cnf->/etc/mysql/my.cnf->SYSCONFDIR/my.cnf->$MYSQL_HOME/my.cnf-> --defaults-extra-file->~/my.cnf ，为了避免读取到其他的配置文件，所以我们使用/etc/my.conf。

文件权限更改

# 变更配置文件权限和所属用户
[root@hadoop001 local]# chown  mysqladmin:dba /etc/my.cnf 
[root@hadoop001 local]# chmod  640 /etc/my.cnf  

# 变更家目录的权限和所属用户，修改完成后，一定要cd进去，ll再看一下
[root@hadoop001 local]# chown -R mysqladmin:dba /usr/local/mysql
[root@hadoop001 local]# chown -R mysqladmin:dba /usr/local/mysql/*
[root@hadoop001 local]# chmod -R 755 /usr/local/mysql 
[root@hadoop001 local]# chmod -R 755 /usr/local/mysql/* 
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安装MySQL

# 切换用户
[root@hadoop001 local]# su - mysqladmin 
[mysqladmin@hadoop001 ~]$ pwd
/usr/local/mysql

# 创建binlog日志存储的文件夹
[mysqladmin@hadoop001 ~]$ mkdir arch 

# 检查系统是否安装
[mysqladmin@hadoop001 ~]$ yum -y install autoconf
[mysqladmin@hadoop001 ~]$ yum -y install libaio

# 开始安装
[mysqladmin@hadoop001 ~]$ scripts/mysql_install_db  \
--user=mysqladmin \
--basedir=/usr/local/mysql \
--datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data 
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配置MySQL服务以及开机自启

[root@hadoop001 local]# cd /usr/local/mysql
#将服务文件拷贝到init.d下，并重命名为mysql
[root@hadoop001 mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql 
#赋予可执行权限
[root@hadoop001 mysql]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql
#删除服务
[root@hadoop001 mysql]# chkconfig --del mysql
#添加服务
[root@hadoop001 mysql]# chkconfig --add mysql
[root@hadoop001 mysql]# chkconfig --level 345 mysql on
[root@hadoop001 mysql]# vi /etc/rc.local
#!/bin/sh
#
# This script will be executed *after* all the other init scripts.
# You can put your own initialization stuff in here if you don't
# want to do the full Sys V style init stuff.

touch /var/lock/subsys/local

su - mysqladmin -c "/etc/init.d/mysql start"    <--添加这一行
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开启MySQL服务并验证是否运行

# 切换用户
[root@hadoop001 mysql]# su - mysqladmin
[mysqladmin@hadoop001 ~]$ pwd
/usr/local/mysql

# 删除自带配置文件以防之后误会
[mysqladmin@hadoop001 ~]$ rm -rf my.cnf

# MYSQL运行
[mysqladmin@hadoop001 ~]$ mysqld_safe &     <--这个命令可能不会结束，不太影响

# 验证MySQL进程是否有
[mysqladmin@hadoop001 ~]$ ps -ef|grep mysqld
514       6247  6219  0 17:30 pts/1    00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe
514       6902  6247  2 17:30 pts/1    00:00:01 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --
basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --plugin-
dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --log-error=/usr/local/mysql/data/hostname.err --pid-
file=/usr/local/mysql/data/hostname.pid --socket=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock --
port=3306
514       6927  6219  0 17:31 pts/1    00:00:00 grep mysqld

# 验证MySQL端口是否是3306
[mysqladmin@hadoop001 ~]$ netstat -tulnp | grep 6902
tcp        0      0 :::3306                     :::*          LISTEN      11541/mysqld   

# 查看MySQL服务
[root@shadoop001 local]# service mysql status
MySQL running (21507)                                      [  OK  ]
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如果这一步MySQL并没有启动，请到查看MySQL解压目录/data/hostname.error文件具体报错情况，然后再出对应解决方法。

登陆MySQL

[mysqladmin@hadoop001 ~]$ mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.6.23-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| test               |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> use mysql；
Database changed
# 更新root密码
mysql> update user set password=password('password') where user='root';
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.00 sec)
# 删除MySQL没有账号也没密码的用户
mysql> delete from user where user='';
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select host,user,password from user;
+----------------+------+-------------------------------------------+
| host           | user | password                                  |
+----------------+------+-------------------------------------------+
| localhost      | root | *6340BE3C15D246B0D74BAF3F135915ED19E0069F |
| hadoop001      | root | *6340BE3C15D246B0D74BAF3F135915ED19E0069F |
| 127.0.0.1      | root | *6340BE3C15D246B0D74BAF3F135915ED19E0069F |
| ::1            | root | *6340BE3C15D246B0D74BAF3F135915ED19E0069F |
+----------------+------+-------------------------------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
# 刷新用户权限
mysql> flush privileges;
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配置全局环境变量

[root@hadoop001 ~]# vi /etc/profile
# /etc/profile

# System wide environment and startup programs, for login setup
# Functions and aliases go in /etc/bashrc

# It's NOT a good idea to change this file unless you know what you
# are doing. It's much better to create a custom.sh shell script in
# /etc/profile.d/ to make custom changes to your environment, as this
# will prevent the need for merging in future updates.
 ....
for i in /etc/profile.d/*.sh /etc/profile.d/sh.local ; do
    if [ -r "$i" ]; then
        if [ "${-#*i}" != "$-" ]; then
            . "$i"
        else
            . "$i" >/dev/null
        fi
    fi
done

unset i
unset -f pathmunge


MYSQL_HOME=/usr/local/mysql      <--  新增
export MYSQL_HOME

PATH=${MYSQL_HOME}/bin:$PATH     <--  新增
export PATH

# 全局环境变量生效
[root@hadoop001 ~]# source /etc/profile
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配置mysqladmin用户环境变量 （非必需）

[root@hadoop001 ~]# su - mysqladmin
[mysqladmin@hadoop001 ~]$ vi ~/.bash_profile
# .bash_profile

# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
	. ~/.bashrc
fi

# 以下新增
unset USERNAME

#stty erase ^H
set umask to 022
umask 022
PS1=`uname -n`":"'$USER'":"'$PWD'":>"; export PS1

# 个人环境变量生效
[mysqladmin@hadoop001 ~]$ . ~/.bash_profile
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以上设置，只是为了切换用户之后， 不用再使用pwd命令 ，以下就是实例：

[root@hadoop001 ~]# su - mysqladmin
Last login: Mon Jun 24 22:11:23 CST 2019 on pts/1
hadoop001:mysqladmin:/usr/local/mysql:>
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