Android O 后台startService限制浅析

栏目: IOS · Android · 发布时间: 5年前

内容简介:Android O 推出出了Background Execution Limits,减少后台应用内存使用及耗电,一个很明显的应用就是不准后台应用通过startService启动服务,这里有两个问题需要弄清楚,第一:什么状态下startService的属于后台启动service;第二:如果想要在后台startService,如何兼容,因此分如下几个问题分析下对于普通APP而言,我们不考虑系统的各种白名单,一般后台startService服务分下面两种:而每种又可以分不同的小场景,通过其他应用startServ

Android O 推出出了Background Execution Limits,减少后台应用内存使用及耗电,一个很明显的应用就是不准后台应用通过startService启动服务,这里有两个问题需要弄清楚,第一:什么状态下startService的属于后台启动service;第二:如果想要在后台startService,如何兼容,因此分如下几个问题分析下

  • 后台startService的场景
  • 后台startService的Crash原理分析
  • 如何修改达到兼容

对于普通APP而言,我们不考虑系统的各种白名单,一般后台startService服务分下面两种:

  • 通过其他应用startService
  • 通过自己应用startService

而每种又可以分不同的小场景,通过其他应用startService已经不被推荐,所以先看看自己应用startService。

本文基于Android P源码

通过自己应用在后台startService限制

可以通过一个简单的实验观察什么情况属于后台startService, 注意:如果是自己APP启动Service,那么自身应用必定已经起来了 。通过延迟执行就复现该场景。比如:通过click事件,延迟执行一个startService操作,延迟时间是65s( 要超过一分钟,后面会看到这是个阈值 ),然后点击Home键,回到桌面,之后等待一分钟就可复现Crash:

@OnClick(R.id.first)
void first() {
    new Handler().postDelayed(new Runnable() {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            Intent intent = new Intent(LabApplication.getContext(), BackGroundService.class);
            startService(intent);
            LogUtils.v("延迟执行");
        }
    },1000*65);

}
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大概一分多钟之后,延迟消息被执行,然后会有如下Crash日志被打印:

--------- beginning of crash
2019-06-17 19:47:43.148 25916-25916/com.snail.labaffinity E/AndroidRuntime: FATAL EXCEPTION: main
    Process: com.snail.labaffinity, PID: 25916
    java.lang.IllegalStateException: Not allowed to start service Intent { cmp=com.snail.labaffinity/.service.BackGroundService }: app is in background uid UidRecord{9048c2c u0a73 LAST bg:+1m4s376ms idle change:idle procs:1 seq(0,0,0)}
        at android.app.ContextImpl.startServiceCommon(ContextImpl.java:1577)
        at android.app.ContextImpl.startService(ContextImpl.java:1532)
        at android.content.ContextWrapper.startService(ContextWrapper.java:664)
        at com.snail.labaffinity.activity.MainActivity$2.run(MainActivity.java:41)
        at android.os.Handler.handleCallback(Handler.java:873)
        at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:99)
        at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:193)
        at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:6669)
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
        at com.android.internal.os.RuntimeInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(RuntimeInit.java:493)
        at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:858)
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就会看到很经典的startService限制信息:

Not allowed to start service Intent XXX : app is in background uid UidRecord  
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也就是说,当前退到后台的APP已经属于后台应用,不能通过startService启动服务。Why?跟踪源码看下 startService会调用ContextImpl 的startServiceCommon,进而通过Binder调用AMS启动Service,根据返回值选择性抛出IllegalStateException异常:

ContextImpl.java
private ComponentName startServiceCommon(Intent service, boolean requireForeground,
        UserHandle user) {
    try {
        validateServiceIntent(service);
        service.prepareToLeaveProcess(this);
        ComponentName cn = ActivityManager.getService().startService(
            mMainThread.getApplicationThread(), service, service.resolveTypeIfNeeded(
                        getContentResolver()), requireForeground,
                        getOpPackageName(), user.getIdentifier());
        if (cn != null) {
        <!--返回值是?的情况下就是后台启动service的异常-->
             if (cn.getPackageName().equals("?")) {
                throw new IllegalStateException(
                        "Not allowed to start service " + service + ": " + cn.getClassName());
            }
}
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什么时候ActivityManager.getService().startService的返回值包名 ,核心代码在AMS端,AMS进一步调用ActiveServices.java的startServiceLocked:

ActiveServices.java
ComponentName startServiceLocked(IApplicationThread caller, Intent service, String resolvedType,
        int callingPid, int callingUid, boolean fgRequired, String callingPackage, final int userId)
        throws TransactionTooLargeException {
         final boolean callerFg;
         
    if (caller != null) {
        final ProcessRecord callerApp = mAm.getRecordForAppLocked(caller);
		  ...
        callerFg = callerApp.setSchedGroup != ProcessList.SCHED_GROUP_BACKGROUND;
    } else {
        callerFg = true;
    }

    ServiceLookupResult res =
        retrieveServiceLocked(service, resolvedType, callingPackage,
                callingPid, callingUid, userId, true, callerFg, false, false);
    ...
    ServiceRecord r = res.record;
    
    // If we're starting indirectly (e.g. from PendingIntent), figure out whether
    // we're launching into an app in a background state.  This keys off of the same
    // idleness state tracking as e.g. O+ background service start policy.
  
    <!--通过PendingIntent启动的也要检查-->
    // 是否当前Uid Active 不过不是activity就是后台启动
    final boolean bgLaunch = !mAm.isUidActiveLocked(r.appInfo.uid);
   // If the app has strict background restrictions, we treat any bg service
    // start analogously to the legacy-app forced-restrictions case, regardless
    // of its target SDK version.
    
    boolean forcedStandby = false;
    <!--appRestrictedAnyInBackground 一般人不会主动设置,所以这个经常是返回false-->
    if (bgLaunch && appRestrictedAnyInBackground(r.appInfo.uid, r.packageName)) {
        ...
       forcedStandby = true;
    }
    <!--forcedStandby可以先无视 这里注意两点,第一点 :r.startRequested标志是通过startService调用启动过,第一次进来的时候是false,第二:对于普通是starServicefgRequired是false-->  
    
    if (forcedStandby || (!r.startRequested && !fgRequired)) {

        <!--检测当前app是否允许后台启动-->
        final int allowed = mAm.getAppStartModeLocked(r.appInfo.uid, r.packageName,
                r.appInfo.targetSdkVersion, callingPid, false, false, forcedStandby);
                <!--如果不允许  Background start not allowed-->
        if (allowed != ActivityManager.APP_START_MODE_NORMAL) {
            ...
            <!--返回 ? 告诉客户端现在处于后台启动状态,禁止你-->
            return new ComponentName("?", "app is in background uid " + uidRec);
        }
    }
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假设我们是第一次startService,那么(!r.startRequested && !fgRequired)就等于true,进而走进mAm.getAppStartModeLocked,看看当前进程是否处于后台非激活状态,如果是的话 ,就不会允许startService:

ActivityManagerService.java
int getAppStartModeLocked(int uid, String packageName, int packageTargetSdk,
            int callingPid, boolean alwaysRestrict, boolean disabledOnly, boolean forcedStandby) {
        UidRecord uidRec = mActiveUids.get(uid);

		 <!--UidRecord是关键  alwaysRestrict || forcedStandby 传入的都是false,忽略  -->
		 
        if (uidRec == null || alwaysRestrict || forcedStandby || uidRec.idle) {
            boolean ephemeral;
            ...
             
                final int startMode = (alwaysRestrict)
                        ? appRestrictedInBackgroundLocked(uid, packageName, packageTargetSdk)
                        : appServicesRestrictedInBackgroundLocked(uid, packageName,
                                packageTargetSdk);
               ...
                return startMode;
             
        }
        return ActivityManager.APP_START_MODE_NORMAL;
    }
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这里UidRecord是关键,UidRecord为null,则说明整个APP没有被启动,那么就一定属于后台启动Service,如果UidRecord非null,则要判断应用是否属于后台应用,而这个关键就是uidRec.idle,如果idle是true,就说明应用处于后台状态,继续调用 appServicesRestrictedInBackgroundLocked看看是否是O以后的,走Crash逻辑:

int appServicesRestrictedInBackgroundLocked(int uid, String packageName, int packageTargetSdk) {
    <!--永久进程 -->
    // Persistent app?
    if (mPackageManagerInt.isPackagePersistent(packageName)) {
        return ActivityManager.APP_START_MODE_NORMAL;
    }

    <!--白名单-->
    // Non-persistent but background whitelisted?
    if (uidOnBackgroundWhitelist(uid)) {
        return ActivityManager.APP_START_MODE_NORMAL;
    }
    <!--白名单-->
    // Is this app on the battery whitelist?
    if (isOnDeviceIdleWhitelistLocked(uid, /*allowExceptIdleToo=*/ false)) {
        return ActivityManager.APP_START_MODE_NORMAL;
    }

    // 普通进程
    return appRestrictedInBackgroundLocked(uid, packageName, packageTargetSdk);
}
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对于普通进程看看O限制

int appRestrictedInBackgroundLocked(int uid, String packageName, int packageTargetSdk) {
        <!--对于targetSDKVersion>O 的直接 返回ActivityManager.APP_START_MODE_DELAYED_RIGID-->
        if (packageTargetSdk >= Build.VERSION_CODES.O) {
            return ActivityManager.APP_START_MODE_DELAYED_RIGID;
        }
        // 否则仅仅对老版本做兼容性限制
        int appop = mAppOpsService.noteOperation(AppOpsManager.OP_RUN_IN_BACKGROUND,
                uid, packageName);
        if (DEBUG_BACKGROUND_CHECK) {
            Slog.i(TAG, "Legacy app " + uid + "/" + packageName + " bg appop " + appop);
        }
        switch (appop) {
            case AppOpsManager.MODE_ALLOWED:
                // If force-background-check is enabled, restrict all apps that aren't whitelisted.
                if (mForceBackgroundCheck &&
                        !UserHandle.isCore(uid) &&
                        !isOnDeviceIdleWhitelistLocked(uid, /*allowExceptIdleToo=*/ true)) {
                    return ActivityManager.APP_START_MODE_DELAYED;
                }
           ...
    }
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appServicesRestrictedInBackgroundLocked仅仅是根据是否是O以后,返回ActivityManager.APP_START_MODE_DELAYED_RIGID,只是兼容,核心还是UidRecord的idle,下面就重点看看UidRecord跟其idle的值,这个值是应用是否位于后台的核心指标,应用未启动的不考虑,未启动肯定也属于”后台“的一种极端。

不是特别老的Android版本都不允许没有LAUNCHER Activity的应用,不然压根没法编译运行,也就说普通场景通过桌面启动应用的时候,都是通过startActivity直接启动APP的,在启动App的时候,UidRecord会被新建(AMS端),UidRecord构造函数中默认 idle = true。

public UidRecord(int _uid) {
    uid = _uid;
    idle = true;
    reset();
}
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其启动流程调用堆栈如下:

Android O 后台startService限制浅析

也就是启动APP时候,刚好一开UidRecord中idle的值是true,被看做后台应用,那么一定有某个地方设置为false,设置为前台应用。

前后台应用切换时机与原理

一个应用可以有一个或者多个进程,当任何一个进程变为被转换成前台可见进程的时候,APP都会被认作前台应用(对于startService应用而言),resumetopActivity是一个非常明确的切换时机,

会调用

final void scheduleIdleLocked() {
    mHandler.sendEmptyMessage(IDLE_NOW_MSG);
}
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会通过updateOomAdjLocked修改当前即将可见Activity应用的idle状态,updateOomAdjLocked在期间可能会被调用多次,

@GuardedBy("this")
 final void updateOomAdjLocked() {
      ... 	
	 for (int i=mActiveUids.size()-1; i>=0; i--) {
	            final UidRecord uidRec = mActiveUids.valueAt(i);
	            int uidChange = UidRecord.CHANGE_PROCSTATE;
	            if (uidRec.curProcState != ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_NONEXISTENT
	                    && (uidRec.setProcState != uidRec.curProcState
	                           || uidRec.setWhitelist != uidRec.curWhitelist)) {
	                ...
	                if (ActivityManager.isProcStateBackground(uidRec.curProcState)
	                        && !uidRec.curWhitelist) {
	                    ...
	                } else {
	                <!--设置为false 标记为前台进程-->
	                    if (uidRec.idle) {
	                        uidChange = UidRecord.CHANGE_ACTIVE;
	                        EventLogTags.writeAmUidActive(uidRec.uid);
	                        uidRec.idle = false;
	                    }
	                    <!--清零后台进程锚点时间-->
	                    uidRec.lastBackgroundTime = 0;
	                }
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对于即将可见的APP而言 ActivityManager.isProcStateBackground为false,所以走else逻辑设置uidRec.idle = false,uidChange = UidRecord.CHANGE_ACTIVE,之后通过enqueueUidChangeLocked最后设置相对应的idle = false。相对应,上一个被切换走的应用可能会触发设置idle = true的操作,不过设置为true的操作不是即可执行的,而是延迟执行的,延迟时间60s:

final void updateOomAdjLocked() {
  ...
         for (int i=mActiveUids.size()-1; i>=0; i--) {
            final UidRecord uidRec = mActiveUids.valueAt(i);
            int uidChange = UidRecord.CHANGE_PROCSTATE;
            if (uidRec.curProcState != ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_NONEXISTENT
                    && (uidRec.setProcState != uidRec.curProcState
                           || uidRec.setWhitelist != uidRec.curWhitelist)) {

                if (ActivityManager.isProcStateBackground(uidRec.curProcState)
                        && !uidRec.curWhitelist) {
                    // UID is now in the background (and not on the temp whitelist).  Was it
                    // previously in the foreground (or on the temp whitelist)?
                    if (!ActivityManager.isProcStateBackground(uidRec.setProcState)
                            || uidRec.setWhitelist) {
                            <!--切换后台时候更新lastBackgroundTime-->
                        uidRec.lastBackgroundTime = nowElapsed;
                        if (!mHandler.hasMessages(IDLE_UIDS_MSG)) {
                            <!--60s后更新-->
                            mHandler.sendEmptyMessageDelayed(IDLE_UIDS_MSG,
                                    mConstants.BACKGROUND_SETTLE_TIME);
                        }
                    }
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延迟60s是为了防止60s之内多次切换APP导致的重复更新,系统只要保证60s内有一次就可以了。

private static final long DEFAULT_BACKGROUND_SETTLE_TIME = 60*1000;
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60s之后调用idleUids更新idle字段

final void idleUids() {
    synchronized (this) {
        final int N = mActiveUids.size();
        if (N <= 0) {
            return;
        }
        final long nowElapsed = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
        final long maxBgTime = nowElapsed - mConstants.BACKGROUND_SETTLE_TIME;
        long nextTime = 0;

        for (int i=N-1; i>=0; i--) {
            final UidRecord uidRec = mActiveUids.valueAt(i);
            <!--刚才切后台的时候已经更新过uidRec.lastBackgroundTime-->
            final long bgTime = uidRec.lastBackgroundTime;
            if (bgTime > 0 && !uidRec.idle) {
            <!--标准:后台存在时间超过mConstants.BACKGROUND_SETTLE_TIME-->
                if (bgTime <= maxBgTime) {
                    uidRec.idle = true;
                    uidRec.setIdle = true;
                    doStopUidLocked(uidRec.uid, uidRec);
                } else {
                如果被提前执行了,则在下一个60s到达的时候执行
                    if (nextTime == 0 || nextTime > bgTime) {
                        nextTime = bgTime;
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        if (nextTime > 0) {
            mHandler.removeMessages(IDLE_UIDS_MSG);
            mHandler.sendEmptyMessageDelayed(IDLE_UIDS_MSG,
                    nextTime + mConstants.BACKGROUND_SETTLE_TIME - nowElapsed);
        }
    }
}   
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之前是前台,现在变后台,那么uidRec.lastBackgroundTime = nowElapsed赋值,再次切前台,uidRec.lastBackgroundTime清零,简而言之, 应用变为前台,UID状态马上变更为active状态,应用变为后台,即procState大于等于PROCESS_STATE_TRANSIENT_BACKGROUND时,如果持续在后台60s后,UID状态会变更为idle=true状态,不能startService;

通过其他应用startService的情况

跨应用startService已经不被推荐了,不过也容易模拟,在A应用中通过setAction+setPackage就可以startService:

var intent = Intent();
        intent.setAction("com.snail.BackGroundService");
        intent.setPackage("com.snail.labaffinity");
        startService(intent)
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当然在B应用中AndroidManifest要暴露出来:

<service
        android:name=".service.BackGroundService"
        <!--是否独立进程,无关紧要-->
        android:process=":service"
        android:exported="true">
        <intent-filter>
            <action android:name="com.snail.BackGroundService" />
        </intent-filter>
    </service>
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这样A中startService同样要遵守不准后台启动的条件。比如如果B没启动过,直接在A中startService,则会Crash,如果B启动了,还没变成后台应用(退到后台没超过60S),则不会Crash。个人觉得通过adb命令startService也属于这种范畴,通过如下命令可以达到相同的效果。

am startservice -n com.snail.labaffinity/com.snail.labaffinity.service.BackGroundService 
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如果APP没有启动就会看到如下日志:

app is in background uid null
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如果启动了,但是属于后台应用,就会看到如下日志,跟自己APP后台启动Service类似:

Not allowed to start service Intent { cmp=com.snail.labaffinity/.service.BackGroundService }: app is in background uid UidRecord{72bb30d u0a238 SVC  idle change:idle|uncached procs:1 seq(0,0,0)}
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其实,startService不是看调用的APP处于何种状态,而是看Servic所在APP处于何种状态,因为看的是Servic所处的UidRecord的状态,UidRecord仅仅跟APP安装有关系,跟进程pid没关系。

特殊场景:进程通过Service恢复的场景

先看下如下代码,APP在启动的时候,在Application的onCreate中通过startService启动了一个服务,并且没有stop,这种场景下第一次通过Launcher冷启动没问题,如果我们在后台杀死APP,由于存在一个未stop的服务,系统会重新拉起该服务,也就是会重启一个进程,然后启动服务。

public class LabApplication extends Application {
    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
        super.onCreate();
          Intent intent = new Intent( this, BackGroundService.class);
        startService(intent);
    }
 }

  public class BackGroundService extends Service {
    @Nullable
    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
        LogUtils.v("onStartCommand");
    }
}
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在这个过程中,应用重启会复现如下Crash(禁止后台启动Service的Crash Log):

java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to create application com.snail.labaffinity.app.LabApplication: java.lang.IllegalStateException: Not allowed to start service Intent { cmp=com.snail.labaffinity/.service.BackGroundService }: app is in background uid UidRecord{72bb30d u0a238 SVC  idle change:idle|uncached procs:1 seq(0,0,0)}
    at android.app.ActivityThread.handleBindApplication(ActivityThread.java:5925)
    at android.app.ActivityThread.access$1100(ActivityThread.java:200)
    at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1656)
    at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:106)
    at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:193)
    at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:6718)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
    at com.android.internal.os.RuntimeInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(RuntimeInit.java:493)
    at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:858)
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Why?为什么冷启动没问题,后台杀死自启动恢复就有问题,看日志是因为当app is in background,Not allowed to start service,也就是后台进程不能通过startService启动服务,在LabApplication的onCreate中我们确实主动startService(intent),这个就是crash的原因,那为什么第一次没问题?在前文我们知道,通过Laucher启动应用是通过startActivity启动的,也就是存在一个resumeTopActivity的时机,在这个时机,APP的idle会被设置为false,也就是非后台应用,但是对于后台杀死又恢复的场景,他不是通过startActivity启动的,所以APP就算重启了,APP的idle还是true,是非激活的状态,也就是属于后台应用,不准通过startService启动服务(假设单进程)。

因为第一次冷启动时候,走正常启动Activity流程,新建进程,然后去AMS attachApplication,

@GuardedBy("this")
private final boolean attachApplicationLocked(IApplicationThread thread,
        int pid, int callingUid, long startSeq) {

	  ...
	  <!--   通知APP端创建Application-->
            thread.bindApplication(processName, appInfo, providers,
                    app.instr.mClass,
                    profilerInfo, app.instr.mArguments,...);
        ...
    boolean badApp = false;
    boolean didSomething = false;

    // See if the top visible activity is waiting to run in this process...
    if (normalMode) {
        try {
         <!-- 需要启动的Activity 关键点 -->
            if (mStackSupervisor.attachApplicationLocked(app)) {
                didSomething = true;
            }

    if (!badApp) {
        try {
    <!--  需要恢复的Service-->
            didSomething |= mServices.attachApplicationLocked(app, processName);
            checkTime(startTime, "attachApplicationLocked: after mServices.attachApplicationLocked");
        }  
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第一次启动APP的时候,thread.bindApplication首先通知APP端启动Application,并执行onCreate,不过onCreate中的startService要等待AMS端上一个消息执行完毕(Handler保证),这个过程中mStackSupervisor.attachApplicationLocked(app)中会调用realStartActivityLocked启动Activity,先将UidRecord的idle给更新为false,attachApplicationLocked执行之后,才有可能轮到下一个消息startService执行,这个时候APP已经不是后台应用了,所以不会Crash。

boolean attachApplicationLocked(ProcessRecord app) throws RemoteException {
        final String processName = app.processName;
        boolean didSomething = false;
        ...
                final int size = mTmpActivityList.size();
                <!--存在要启动的Activity-->
                for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
                    final ActivityRecord activity = mTmpActivityList.get(i);
                    if (activity.app == null && app.uid == activity.info.applicationInfo.uid
                            && processName.equals(activity.processName)) {
                        try {
                        <!--走realStartActivityLocked-->
                            if (realStartActivityLocked(activity, app,
                                    top == activity /* andResume */, true /* checkConfig */))  
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realStartActivityLocked会更新oom,并设置idle为false,因为有Activity要启动,就不在是后台进程,调用流程如下:

Android O 后台startService限制浅析

但是对于而对于杀死并通过Service恢复的进程,没有明确的startActivity,所以size = mTmpActivityList.size()这里size是0,不会走realStartActivityLocked,也就在进程恢复阶段,不会将APP归为前台应用,这个时候再AMS执行下一个消息启动Service的时候,就会告诉APP端,不能在后台启动应用。

如何解决这个问题

既然不能再后台偷偷启动,那只能显示启动,Google提供的方案是:startForegroundService()。并且在系统创建Service后,需要在一定时间内调用startForeground()让Service为用户可见通知,否则则系统将停止此Service,抛出ANR,如果不像让用户可见可以参考JobScheduler。不过本篇只看startForegroundService:

@Override
public ComponentName startService(Intent service) {
    warnIfCallingFromSystemProcess();
    return startServiceCommon(service, false, mUser);
}

@Override
public ComponentName startForegroundService(Intent service) {
    warnIfCallingFromSystemProcess();
    return startServiceCommon(service, true, mUser);
}
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同普通startService的区别那就是startServiceCommon的第二参数boolean requireForeground 是true:

ComponentName startServiceLocked(IApplicationThread caller, Intent service ...}

   <!--fgRequired为true,不会检测启动后台限制-->
    if (forcedStandby || (!r.startRequested && !fgRequired)) {
        
        final int allowed = mAm.getAppStartModeLocked(r.appInfo.uid, r.packageName,
                r.appInfo.targetSdkVersion, callingPid, false, false, forcedStandby);
        if (allowed != ActivityManager.APP_START_MODE_NORMAL) {
           
            return new ComponentName("?", "app is in background uid " + uidRec);
        }
    }
    ...   
    <!--ServiceRecord赋值r.fgRequired 后面会用到-->
    r.fgRequired = fgRequired;
    <!--添加后面回调StartItem-->
    r.pendingStarts.add(new ServiceRecord.StartItem(r, false, r.makeNextStartId(),
            service, neededGrants, callingUid));
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在AMS端startForegroundService跟普通startService区别, ServiceRecord的fgRequired被设置为true,然后走后续流程bringUpServiceLocked->realStartServiceLocked-> sendServiceArgsLocked,在sendServiceArgsLocked的时候,Service其实已经创建并启动(可以看Service启动流程),

private final void sendServiceArgsLocked(ServiceRecord r, boolean execInFg,
        boolean oomAdjusted) throws TransactionTooLargeException {
    ...
    ArrayList<ServiceStartArgs> args = new ArrayList<>();
    while (r.pendingStarts.size() > 0) {
        ServiceRecord.StartItem si = r.pendingStarts.remove(0);
        ...
        if (r.fgRequired && !r.fgWaiting) {
            if (!r.isForeground) {
            <!--监听是否5S内startForeground-->
                scheduleServiceForegroundTransitionTimeoutLocked(r);
            } ...
       try {
        r.app.thread.scheduleServiceArgs(r, slice);
    }
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可以看到对于要求前台启动的Service fgRequired = true,并且第一次r.fgWaiting=false,所以会走scheduleServiceForegroundTransitionTimeoutLocked,

void scheduleServiceForegroundTransitionTimeoutLocked(ServiceRecord r) {
    if (r.app.executingServices.size() == 0 || r.app.thread == null) {
        return;
    }
    Message msg = mAm.mHandler.obtainMessage(
            ActivityManagerService.SERVICE_FOREGROUND_TIMEOUT_MSG);
    msg.obj = r;
    r.fgWaiting = true;
    mAm.mHandler.sendMessageDelayed(msg, SERVICE_START_FOREGROUND_TIMEOUT);
}
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r.fgWaiting会被设置为true,scheduleServiceForegroundTransitionTimeoutLocked过一次后,就不会再次走。

static final int SERVICE_START_FOREGROUND_TIMEOUT = 10*1000;
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看9.0代码,是10s完成调用startForeground,否则在10s后Handler处理这一消息的时候,会停止该服务,并抛出Service的ANR异常。

void serviceForegroundTimeout(ServiceRecord r) {
        ProcessRecord app;
        synchronized (mAm) {
            if (!r.fgRequired || r.destroying) {
                return;
            }
            app = r.app;
            r.fgWaiting = false;
            stopServiceLocked(r);
        }

        if (app != null) {
            mAm.mAppErrors.appNotResponding(app, null, null, false,
                    "Context.startForegroundService() did not then call Service.startForeground(): "
                        + r);
        }
    }
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抛出异常栈如下

--------- beginning of crash
E/AndroidRuntime: FATAL EXCEPTION: main
    Process: com.snail.labaffinity, PID: 21513
    android.app.RemoteServiceException: Context.startForegroundService() did not then call Service.startForeground()
        at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1768)
        at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:106)
        at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:164)
        at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:6494)
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
        at com.android.internal.os.RuntimeInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(RuntimeInit.java:438)
        at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:807)
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解决方案就是及时调用startForeground,对于O以后的还要注意Notification需要一个ChannelID

public class BackGroundService extends Service {
 
    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
        super.onCreate();
        startForeground();
    }

    private void startForeground() {
        String CHANNEL_ONE_ID = "com.snail.labaffinity";
        String CHANNEL_ONE_NAME = "Channel One";
        NotificationChannel notificationChannel = null;
        if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.O) {
            notificationChannel = new NotificationChannel(CHANNEL_ONE_ID,
                    CHANNEL_ONE_NAME, NotificationManager.IMPORTANCE_DEFAULT);
            NotificationManager manager = (NotificationManager) getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
            assert manager != null;
            manager.createNotificationChannel(notificationChannel);
            startForeground(1, new NotificationCompat.Builder(this, CHANNEL_ONE_ID).build());
        }
    }

}
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startForeground主要就是讲Service至于前台可见,同时取消掉刚才的那个延时Message,这样就不会检测并抛出异常了。

private void setServiceForegroundInnerLocked(final ServiceRecord r, int id,
            Notification notification, int flags) {
            
            <!--id不能为0-->
        if (id != 0) {
           ...
            if (r.fgRequired) {
            <!--设置fgRequired = false-->
                r.fgRequired = false;
                <!--设置 fgWaiting = false-->
                r.fgWaiting = false;
                alreadyStartedOp = true;
                <!--移除ActivityManagerService.SERVICE_FOREGROUND_TIMEOUT_MSG消息-->
                mAm.mHandler.removeMessages(
                        ActivityManagerService.SERVICE_FOREGROUND_TIMEOUT_MSG, r);
            }
复制代码

不过不过这样的话,状态栏会有一个xxx正在运行的通知,体验不太好,如果是要完成某项任务完成后,最好主动stop掉。还有一个要注意的问题:在调用startForGround前不准调stop,否则也会抛出异常:

private final void bringDownServiceLocked(ServiceRecord r) {
        ...
        if (r.fgRequired) {
        r.fgRequired = false;
        r.fgWaiting = false;
        mAm.mAppOpsService.finishOperation(AppOpsManager.getToken(mAm.mAppOpsService),
                AppOpsManager.OP_START_FOREGROUND, r.appInfo.uid, r.packageName);
        mAm.mHandler.removeMessages(
                ActivityManagerService.SERVICE_FOREGROUND_TIMEOUT_MSG, r);
        if (r.app != null) {
            Message msg = mAm.mHandler.obtainMessage(
                    ActivityManagerService.SERVICE_FOREGROUND_CRASH_MSG);
            msg.obj = r.app;
            msg.getData().putCharSequence(
                ActivityManagerService.SERVICE_RECORD_KEY, r.toString());
            mAm.mHandler.sendMessage(msg);
        }
    }
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如果调用了startForegroundService,但是没有调用startForGround,此时调用stopService时,r.fgRequired = true,那么bringDownServiceLocked就会直接移除ActivityManagerService.SERVICE_FOREGROUND_TIMEOUT_MSG消息,并抛出ActivityManagerService.SERVICE_FOREGROUND_CRASH_MSG异常,其实只要在onCreate中startForeground就行了。

总结

  • startService抛异常不是看调用的APP处于何种状态,而是看Servic所在APP处于何种状态,因为看的是UID的状态,所以这里重要的是APP而不仅仅是进程状态
  • 不要通过Handler延迟太久再startService,否则可能会有问题
  • 应用进入后台,60s之后就会变成idle状态,无法start其中的Service,但是可以通过startForegroundService来启动
  • Application里面不要startService,否则恢复的时候可能有问题
  • startForGround 要及时配合startForegroundService,否则会有各种异常。

以上所述就是小编给大家介绍的《Android O 后台startService限制浅析》,希望对大家有所帮助,如果大家有任何疑问请给我留言,小编会及时回复大家的。在此也非常感谢大家对 码农网 的支持!

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