干货 | TiDB Operator实践

K8s和 TiDB 都是目前开源社区中活跃的开源产品，TiDB Operator项目是一个在K8s上编排管理TiDB集群的项目。本文详细记录了部署K8s及install TiDB Operator 的详细实施过程，希望能对刚"入坑"的同学有所帮助。

一、环境

Ubuntu 16.04
K8s 1.14.1

二、Kubespray安装K8s

配置免密登录

1yum -y install expect

• vi /tmp/autocopy.exp

 1#!/usr/bin/expect
 2
 3set timeout
 4set user_hostname [lindex $argv ]
 5set password [lindex $argv ]
 6spawn ssh-copy-id $user_hostname
 7    expect {
 8        "(yes/no)?"
 9        {
10            send "yes\n"
11            expect "*assword:" { send "$password\n"}
12        }
13        "*assword:"
14        {
15            send "$password\n"
16        }
17    }
18expect eof

 1ssh-keyscan addedip  >> ~/.ssh/known_hosts
 2
 3ssh-keygen -t rsa -P ''
 4
 5for i in 10.0.0.{31,32,33,40,10,20，50}; do  ssh-keyscan $i  >> ~/.ssh/known_hosts ; done
 6
 7/tmp/autocopy.exp root@addeip
 8ssh-copy-id addedip
 9
10/tmp/autocopy.exp root@10.0.0.31
11/tmp/autocopy.exp root@10.0.0.32
12/tmp/autocopy.exp root@10.0.0.33
13/tmp/autocopy.exp root@10.0.0.40
14/tmp/autocopy.exp root@10.0.0.10
15/tmp/autocopy.exp root@10.0.0.20
16/tmp/autocopy.exp root@10.0.0.50

配置Kubespray

1pip install -r requirements.txt
2cp -rfp inventory/sample inventory/mycluster

• inventory/mycluster/inventory.ini

• inventory/mycluster/inventory.ini

 1# ## Configure 'ip' variable to bind kubernetes services on a
 2# ## different ip than the default iface
 3# ## We should set etcd_member_name for etcd cluster. The node that is not a etcd member do not need to set the value, or can set the empty string value.
 4[all]
 5# node1 ansible_host=95.54.0.12  # ip=10.3.0.1 etcd_member_name=etcd1
 6# node2 ansible_host=95.54.0.13  # ip=10.3.0.2 etcd_member_name=etcd2
 7# node3 ansible_host=95.54.0.14  # ip=10.3.0.3 etcd_member_name=etcd3
 8# node4 ansible_host=95.54.0.15  # ip=10.3.0.4 etcd_member_name=etcd4
 9# node5 ansible_host=95.54.0.16  # ip=10.3.0.5 etcd_member_name=etcd5
10# node6 ansible_host=95.54.0.17  # ip=10.3.0.6 etcd_member_name=etcd6
11etcd1 ansible_host=10.0.0.31 etcd_member_name=etcd1
12etcd2 ansible_host=10.0.0.32 etcd_member_name=etcd2
13etcd3 ansible_host=10.0.0.33 etcd_member_name=etcd3
14master1 ansible_host=10.0.0.40
15node1 ansible_host=10.0.0.10
16node2 ansible_host=10.0.0.20
17node3 ansible_host=10.0.0.50
18
19# ## configure a bastion host if your nodes are not directly reachable
20# bastion ansible_host=x.x.x.x ansible_user=some_user
21
22[kube-master]
23# node1
24# node2
25master1
26[etcd]
27# node1
28# node2
29# node3
30etcd1
31etcd2
32etcd3
33
34[kube-node]
35# node2
36# node3
37# node4
38# node5
39# node6
40node1
41node2
42node3
43
44[k8s-cluster:children]
45kube-master
46kube-node

节点所需镜像的文件

由于某些镜像国内无法访问需要现将镜像通过代理下载到本地然后上传到本地镜像仓库或DockerHub，同时修改配置文件，个别组件存放位置https://storage.googleapis.com，需要新建Nginx服务器分发文件。

建立Nginx服务器

• ~/distribution/docker-compose.yml

• 创建文件目录及Nginx配置文件目录

• ~/distribution/conf.d/open_distribute.conf

• 启动

• 下载并上传所需文件 具体版本号参考roles/download/defaults/main.yml文件中kubeadm_version、kube_version、image_arch参数

• 安装 Docker 及Docker-Compose

 1apt-get install \
 2apt-transport-https \
 3ca-certificates \
 4curl \
 5gnupg-agent \
 6software-properties-common
 7
 8curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add -
 9
10add-apt-repository \
11"deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu \
12$(lsb_release -cs) \
13stable"
14
15apt-get update
16
17apt-get install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
18
19chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
20sudo curl -L "https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.24.0/docker-compose-$(uname -s)-$(uname -m)" -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose

• 新建Nginx docker-compose.yml

1mkdir ~/distribution
2vi ~/distribution/docker-compose.yml

 1#  distribute
 2version: '2'
 3services:    
 4    distribute:
 5        image: nginx:1.15.12
 6        volumes:
 7            - ./conf.d:/etc/nginx/conf.d
 8            - ./distributedfiles:/usr/share/nginx/html
 9        network_mode: "host"
10        container_name: nginx_distribute 

1mkdir ~/distribution/distributedfiles
2mkdir ~/distribution/
3mkdir ~/distribution/conf.d
4vi ~/distribution/conf.d/open_distribute.conf

 1#open_distribute.conf
 2
 3server {
 4    #server_name distribute.search.leju.com;
 5        listen 8888;
 6
 7    root /usr/share/nginx/html;
 8
 9    add_header Access-Control-Allow-Origin *;  
10    add_header Access-Control-Allow-Headers X-Requested-With;  
11    add_header Access-Control-Allow-Methods GET,POST,OPTIONS;  
12
13    location / {
14    #    index index.html;
15                autoindex on;        
16    }
17    expires off;
18    location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf|eot|ttf|woff|woff2|svg)$ {
19        expires -1;
20    }
21
22    location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$ {
23        expires -1 ;
24    }
25} # end of public static files domain : [ distribute.search.leju.com ]

1docker-compose up -d

1wget https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/v1.14.1/bin/linux/amd64/kubeadm
2
3scp /tmp/kubeadm  10.0.0.60:/root/distribution/distributedfiles
4
5wget https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/v1.14.1/bin/linux/amd64/hyperkube

• 需要下载并上传到私有仓库的镜像

 1docker pull k8s.gcr.io/cluster-proportional-autoscaler-amd64:1.4.0
 2docker tag k8s.gcr.io/cluster-proportional-autoscaler-amd64:1.4.0 jiashiwen/cluster-proportional-autoscaler-amd64:1.4.0
 3docker push jiashiwen/cluster-proportional-autoscaler-amd64:1.4.0
 4
 5docker pull k8s.gcr.io/k8s-dns-node-cache:1.15.1
 6docker tag k8s.gcr.io/k8s-dns-node-cache:1.15.1 jiashiwen/k8s-dns-node-cache:1.15.1
 7docker push jiashiwen/k8s-dns-node-cache:1.15.1
 8
 9docker pull gcr.io/google_containers/pause-amd64:3.1
10docker tag gcr.io/google_containers/pause-amd64:3.1 jiashiwen/pause-amd64:3.1
11docker push jiashiwen/pause-amd64:3.1
12
13docker pull gcr.io/google_containers/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.10.1
14docker tag gcr.io/google_containers/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.10.1 jiashiwen/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.10.1
15docker push jiashiwen/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.10.1
16
17docker pull gcr.io/google_containers/kube-apiserver:v1.14.1
18docker tag gcr.io/google_containers/kube-apiserver:v1.14.1 jiashiwen/kube-apiserver:v1.14.1
19docker push jiashiwen/kube-apiserver:v1.14.1
20
21docker pull gcr.io/google_containers/kube-controller-manager:v1.14.1
22docker tag gcr.io/google_containers/kube-controller-manager:v1.14.1 jiashiwen/kube-controller-manager:v1.14.1
23docker push jiashiwen/kube-controller-manager:v1.14.1
24
25docker pull gcr.io/google_containers/kube-scheduler:v1.14.1
26docker tag gcr.io/google_containers/kube-scheduler:v1.14.1 jiashiwen/kube-scheduler:v1.14.1
27docker push jiashiwen/kube-scheduler:v1.14.1
28
29docker pull gcr.io/google_containers/kube-proxy:v1.14.1
30docker tag gcr.io/google_containers/kube-proxy:v1.14.1 jiashiwen/kube-proxy:v1.14.1
31docker push jiashiwen/kube-proxy:v1.14.1
32
33docker pull gcr.io/google_containers/pause:3.1
34docker tag gcr.io/google_containers/pause:3.1 jiashiwen/pause:3.1
35docker push jiashiwen/pause:3.1
36
37docker pull gcr.io/google_containers/coredns:1.3.1
38docker tag gcr.io/google_containers/coredns:1.3.1 jiashiwen/coredns:1.3.1
39docker push  jiashiwen/coredns:1.3.1

• 用于下载上传镜像的脚本

 1#!/bin/bash
 2
 3privaterepo=jiashiwen
 4
 5k8sgcrimages=(
 6cluster-proportional-autoscaler-amd64:1.4.0
 7k8s-dns-node-cache:1.15.1
 8)
 9
10gcrimages=(
11pause-amd64:3.1
12kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.10.1
13kube-apiserver:v1.14.1
14kube-controller-manager:v1.14.1
15kube-scheduler:v1.14.1
16kube-proxy:v1.14.1
17pause:3.1
18coredns:1.3.1
19)
20
21
22for k8sgcrimageName in ${k8sgcrimages[@]} ; do
23echo $k8sgcrimageName
24docker pull k8s.gcr.io/$k8sgcrimageName
25docker tag k8s.gcr.io/$k8sgcrimageName $privaterepo/$k8sgcrimageName
26docker push $privaterepo/$k8sgcrimageName
27done
28
29
30for gcrimageName in ${gcrimages[@]} ; do
31echo $gcrimageName
32docker pull gcr.io/google_containers/$gcrimageName
33docker tag gcr.io/google_containers/$gcrimageName $privaterepo/$gcrimageName
34docker push $privaterepo/$gcrimageName
35done

• 修改文件inventory/mycluster/group_vars/k8s-cluster/k8s-cluster.yml，修改K8s镜像仓库

1# kube_image_repo: "gcr.io/google-containers"
2kube_image_repo: "jiashiwen"

• 修改roles/download/defaults/main.yml

 1#dnsautoscaler_image_repo: "k8s.gcr.io/cluster-proportional-autoscaler-{{   image_arch }}"
 2dnsautoscaler_image_repo: "jiashiwen/cluster-proportional-autoscaler-{{   image_arch }}"
 3
 4#kube_image_repo: "gcr.io/google-containers"
 5kube_image_repo: "jiashiwen"
 6
 7#pod_infra_image_repo: "gcr.io/google_containers/pause-{{ image_arch }}"
 8pod_infra_image_repo: "jiashiwen/pause-{{ image_arch }}"
 9
10#dashboard_image_repo: "gcr.io/google_containers/kubernetes-dashboard-{{   image_arch }}"
11dashboard_image_repo: "jiashiwen/kubernetes-dashboard-{{ image_arch }}"
12
13#nodelocaldns_image_repo: "k8s.gcr.io/k8s-dns-node-cache"
14nodelocaldns_image_repo: "jiashiwen/k8s-dns-node-cache"
15
16#kubeadm_download_url: "https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/  release/{{ kubeadm_version }}/bin/linux/{{ image_arch }}/kubeadm"
17kubeadm_download_url: "http://10.0.0.60:8888/kubeadm"
18
19#hyperkube_download_url: "https://storage.googleapis.com/  kubernetes-release/release/{{ kube_version }}/bin/linux/{{ image_arch }}/  hyperkube"
20hyperkube_download_url: "http://10.0.0.60:8888/hyperkube"

三、执行安装

• 安装命令

1ansible-playbook -i inventory/mycluster/inventory.ini cluster.yml

• 重置命令

1ansible-playbook -i inventory/mycluster/inventory.ini reset.yml

四、验证K8s集群

安装Kubectl

• 本地浏览器打开https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/stable.txt得到最新版本为v1.14.1

• 用上一步得到的最新版本号v1.7.1替换下载地址中的$(curl -s https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/stable.txt)得到真正的下载地址https:// storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/v1.14.1/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl

• 上传下载好的kubectl

1scp /tmp/kubectl root@xxx:/root

• 修改属性

1chmod +x ./kubectl
2mv ./kubectl /usr/local/bin/kubectl

• Ubuntu

1sudo snap install kubectl --classic

• CentOS

将master节点上的~/.kube/config 文件复制到你需要访问集群的客户端上即可

1scp 10.0.0.40:/root/.kube/config ~/.kube/config

执行命令验证集群

1kubectl get nodes
2kubectl cluster-info

五、TiDB-Operaor部署

安装helm

https://blog.csdn.net/bbwangj/article/details/81087911

• 安装helm

1curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/helm/helm/master/scripts/get > get_helm.sh
2chmod 700 get_helm.sh
3./get_helm.sh

• 查看helm版本

1helm version

• 初始化

1helm init --upgrade -i registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/tiller:v2.13.1 --stable-repo-url https://kubernetes.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/charts

为K8s提供 local volumes

• 参考文档https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/sig-storage-local-static-provisioner/blob/master/docs/operations.md

  tidb-operator启动会为pd和tikv绑定pv，需要在discovery directory下创建多个目录

• 格式化并挂载磁盘

1mkfs.ext4 /dev/vdb
2DISK_UUID=$(blkid -s UUID -o value /dev/vdb) 
3mkdir /mnt/$DISK_UUID
4mount -t ext4 /dev/vdb /mnt/$DISK_UUID

• /etc/fstab持久化mount

1echo UUID=`sudo blkid -s UUID -o value /dev/vdb` /mnt/$DISK_UUID ext4 defaults 0 2 | sudo tee -a /etc/fstab

• 创建多个目录并mount到discovery directory

1for i in $(seq 1 10); do
2sudo mkdir -p /mnt/${DISK_UUID}/vol${i} /mnt/disks/${DISK_UUID}_vol${i}
3sudo mount --bind /mnt/${DISK_UUID}/vol${i} /mnt/disks/${DISK_UUID}_vol${i}
4done

• /etc/fstab持久化mount

1for i in $(seq 1 10); do
2echo /mnt/${DISK_UUID}/vol${i} /mnt/disks/${DISK_UUID}_vol${i} none bind 0 0 | sudo tee -a /etc/fstab
3done

• 为tidb-operator创建local-volume-provisioner

1$ kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/pingcap/tidb-operator/master/manifests/local-dind/local-volume-provisioner.yaml
2$ kubectl get po -n kube-system -l app=local-volume-provisioner
3$ kubectl get pv --all-namespaces | grep local-storage 

六、Install TiDB Operator

• 项目中使用了gcr.io/google-containers/hyperkube，国内访问不了，简单的办法是把镜像重新push到dockerhub然后修改charts/tidb-operator/values.yaml

 1scheduler:
 2  # With rbac.create=false, the user is responsible for creating this   account
 3  # With rbac.create=true, this service account will be created
 4  # Also see rbac.create and clusterScoped
 5  serviceAccount: tidb-scheduler
 6  logLevel: 2
 7  replicas: 1
 8  schedulerName: tidb-scheduler
 9  resources:
10    limits:
11      cpu: 250m
12      memory: 150Mi
13    requests:
14      cpu: 80m
15      memory: 50Mi
16  # kubeSchedulerImageName: gcr.io/google-containers/hyperkube
17  kubeSchedulerImageName: yourrepo/hyperkube
18  # This will default to matching your kubernetes version
19  # kubeSchedulerImageTag: latest

• TiDB Operator使用CRD扩展Kubernetes，因此要使用TiDB Operator，首先应该创建TidbCluster自定义资源类型。

1kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/pingcap/tidb-operator/master/manifests/crd.yaml
2kubectl get crd tidbclusters.pingcap.com

• 安装 TiDB-Operator

1$ git clone https://github.com/pingcap/tidb-operator.git
2$ cd tidb-operator
3$ helm install charts/tidb-operator --name=tidb-operator   --namespace=tidb-admin
4$ kubectl get pods --namespace tidb-admin -l app.kubernetes.io/  instance=tidb-operator

七、部署TiDB

1helm install charts/tidb-cluster --name=demo --namespace=tidb
2watch kubectl get pods --namespace tidb -l app.kubernetes.io/instance=demo -o wide

八、验证

安装 MySQL 客户端

• 参考文档https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/linux-installation.html

• CentOS安装

1wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm
2yum localinstall mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm -y
3yum repolist all | grep mysql
4yum-config-manager --disable mysql80-community
5yum-config-manager --enable mysql57-community
6yum install mysql-community-client

• Ubuntu安装

1wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql-apt-config_0.8.13-1_all.deb
2dpkg -i mysql-apt-config_0.8.13-1_all.deb
3apt update
4
5# 选择MySQL版本
6dpkg-reconfigure mysql-apt-config
7apt install mysql-client -y

九、映射TiDB端口

• 查看TiDB Service

1kubectl get svc --all-namespaces

• 映射 TiDB 端口

1# 仅本地访问
2kubectl port-forward svc/demo-tidb 4000:4000 --namespace=tidb
3
4# 其他主机访问
5kubectl port-forward --address 0.0.0.0 svc/demo-tidb 4000:4000 --namespace=tidb

• 首次登录MySQL

1mysql -h 127.0.0.1 -P 4000 -u root -D test

• 修改 TiDB 密码

1SET PASSWORD FOR 'root'@'%' = 'wD3cLpyO5M'; FLUSH PRIVILEGES;