内容简介:本系列博客记录自己学习Spring Boot的历程,如帮助到你,不胜荣幸,如有错误,欢迎指正!在程序开发的过程中,操作数据库是必不可少的部分,前面几篇博客中,也一直未涉及到数据库的操作,本篇博客就讲解下在Spring Boot中如何使用JDBC操作数据库。
本系列博客记录自己学习Spring Boot的历程,如帮助到你,不胜荣幸,如有错误,欢迎指正!
在程序开发的过程中,操作数据库是必不可少的部分,前面几篇博客中,也一直未涉及到数据库的操作,本篇博客
就讲解下在Spring Boot中如何使用JDBC操作数据库。
1.前期准备
假设你的机器已经安装好了MySql,我们先执行如下语句创建数据库和表:
CREATE DATABASE springbootdemo_db create table book_list ( book_id int auto_increment primary key, book_name varchar(50) not null comment '书名', book_author varchar(20) not null comment '作者', purchase_date date not null comment '购买日期' ) comment '书单';
2.修改pom文件
pom文件引入jdbc的starter pom和 mysql 的驱动,因后面要编写控制器,因此也引入下阿里巴巴的fastjson:
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <version>5.1.35</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId> <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId> <version>1.2.47</version> </dependency>
3.配置数据源
在resources/application.yml中配置数据源:
spring: datasource: driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/springbootdemo_db username: root password:
4.定义数据库实体
定义数据库实体Book:
package com.zwwhnly.springbootdemo.jdbc; import java.util.Date; public class Book { private Integer bookId; private String bookName; private String bookAuthor; private Date purchaseDate; public Integer getBookId() { return bookId; } public void setBookId(Integer bookId) { this.bookId = bookId; } public String getBookName() { return bookName; } public void setBookName(String bookName) { this.bookName = bookName; } public String getBookAuthor() { return bookAuthor; } public void setBookAuthor(String bookAuthor) { this.bookAuthor = bookAuthor; } public Date getPurchaseDate() { return purchaseDate; } public void setPurchaseDate(Date purchaseDate) { this.purchaseDate = purchaseDate; } }
5.编写Dao层代码
定义接口BookDao:
package com.zwwhnly.springbootdemo.jdbc; import java.util.List; public interface BookDao { int add(Book book); int update(Book book); int delete(Integer id); Book findBook(Integer id); List<Book> findBookList(); }
定义接口实现类BookDaoImpl:
package com.zwwhnly.springbootdemo.jdbc; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.jdbc.core.BeanPropertyRowMapper; import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate; import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository; import java.util.List; @Repository public class BookDaoImpl implements BookDao { @Autowired private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate; @Override public int add(Book book) { return jdbcTemplate.update("INSERT INTO book_list values (NULL, ?, ?, ?);", book.getBookName(), book.getBookAuthor(), book.getPurchaseDate()); } @Override public int update(Book book) { return jdbcTemplate.update("UPDATE book_list SET book_name=?,book_author=?,purchase_date=? WHERE book_id = ?;", new Object[]{book.getBookName(), book.getBookAuthor(), book.getPurchaseDate(), book.getBookId()}); } @Override public int delete(Integer id) { return jdbcTemplate.update("DELETE FROM book_list where book_id = ?", id); } @Override public Book findBook(Integer id) { List<Book> list = jdbcTemplate.query("SELECT * FROM book_list where book_id = ?", new Object[]{id}, new BeanPropertyRowMapper<Book>(Book.class)); if (null != list && list.size() > 0) { Book book = list.get(0); return book; } else { return null; } } @Override public List<Book> findBookList() { List<Book> list = jdbcTemplate.query("SELECT * FROM book_list", new Object[]{}, new BeanPropertyRowMapper<Book>(Book.class)); return list; } }
注意:实现类添加@Repository注解,以便 Spring Boot实现自动装配。
关于自动装配的问题,可以参考之前的博客 Spring入门(二):自动化装配bean 。
6.编写Service层代码
定义接口BookService:
package com.zwwhnly.springbootdemo.jdbc; import java.util.List; public interface BookService { int add(Book book); int update(Book book); int delete(Integer id); Book findBook(Integer id); List<Book> findBookList(); }
然后定义实现类BookServiceImpl:
package com.zwwhnly.springbootdemo.jdbc; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; import java.util.List; @Service("bookService") public class BookServiceImpl implements BookService { @Autowired private BookDao bookDao; @Override public int add(Book book) { return this.bookDao.add(book); } @Override public int update(Book book) { return this.bookDao.update(book); } @Override public int delete(Integer id) { return this.bookDao.delete(id); } @Override public Book findBook(Integer id) { return this.bookDao.findBook(id); } @Override public List<Book> findBookList() { return this.bookDao.findBookList(); } }
注意:实现类添加@Service注解,以便 Spring Boot实现自动装配。
7.编写控制器验证
最后新建控制器BookController,验证下增删改查是否成功:
package com.zwwhnly.springbootdemo.controller; import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject; import com.zwwhnly.springbootdemo.jdbc.Book; import com.zwwhnly.springbootdemo.jdbc.BookService; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*; import java.text.SimpleDateFormat; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; @RestController @RequestMapping(value = "/jdbc/book") public class BookController { @Autowired private BookService bookService; @RequestMapping(value = "getBookList", method = RequestMethod.GET) public Map<String, Object> getBookList() { List<Book> bookList = this.bookService.findBookList(); Map<String, Object> param = new HashMap<>(); param.put("total", bookList.size()); param.put("rows", bookList); return param; } @RequestMapping(value = "/getBook/{bookId:\\d+}", method = RequestMethod.GET) public Book getBook(@PathVariable Integer bookId) { Book book = this.bookService.findBook(bookId); if (book == null) { throw new RuntimeException("查询错误"); } return book; } @RequestMapping(value = "add", method = RequestMethod.POST) public void add(@RequestBody JSONObject jsonObject) { String bookName = jsonObject.getString("bookName"); String bookAuthor = jsonObject.getString("bookAuthor"); String purchaseDate = jsonObject.getString("purchaseDate"); SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd"); try { Book book = new Book(); book.setBookName(bookName); book.setBookAuthor(bookAuthor); book.setPurchaseDate(simpleDateFormat.parse(purchaseDate)); this.bookService.add(book); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); throw new RuntimeException("新增错误"); } } @RequestMapping(value = "/update/{bookId:\\d+}", method = RequestMethod.PUT) public void update(@PathVariable Integer bookId, @RequestBody JSONObject jsonObject) { Book book = this.bookService.findBook(bookId); String bookName = jsonObject.getString("bookName"); String bookAuthor = jsonObject.getString("bookAuthor"); String purchaseDate = jsonObject.getString("purchaseDate"); SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd"); try { book.setBookName(bookName); book.setBookAuthor(bookAuthor); book.setPurchaseDate(simpleDateFormat.parse(purchaseDate)); this.bookService.update(book); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); throw new RuntimeException("更新错误"); } } @RequestMapping(value = "/delete/{bookId:\\d+}", method = RequestMethod.DELETE) public void delete(@PathVariable Integer bookId) { try { this.bookService.delete(bookId); } catch (Exception e) { throw new RuntimeException("删除错误"); } } }
7.1验证新增
因为新增是Post请求,因此这里我们使用下Postman工具:
调用完接口,发现数据库新增数据成功。
7.2验证更新
调用更新接口将刚刚新增数据的购买日期修改为2010-01-01:
调用完接口,发现数据库更新数据成功。
7.3验证获取列表
在浏览器访问http://localhost:8080/jdbc/book/getBookList,返回数据如下:
{ "total": 2, "rows": [ { "bookId": 1, "bookName": "平凡的世界", "bookAuthor": "路遥", "purchaseDate": "2009-12-31T16:00:00.000+0000" }, { "bookId": 2, "bookName": "人生", "bookAuthor": "路遥", "purchaseDate": "2010-12-31T16:00:00.000+0000" } ] }
观察返回的数据,我们发现2个问题:
- purchaseDate字段的值比数据库中的少8个小时
- purchaseDate字段显示不够友好
出现原因:Spring Boot中返回json格式默认使用jackson框架转换,而jackson框架默认的时区是GMT(相比于中国是少了8小时)。
解决方案:
如果是全局统一修改,则修改resources/application.yml,添加如下配置:
spring: jackson: time-zone: GMT+8, date-format: yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss
如果想单个修改,则修改下实体类:
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonFormat; @JsonFormat(timezone = "GMT+8", pattern = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss") private Date purchaseDate;
再次访问http://localhost:8080/jdbc/book/getBookList,返回数据如下:
{ "total": 2, "rows": [ { "bookId": 1, "bookName": "平凡的世界", "bookAuthor": "路遥", "purchaseDate": "2010-01-01 00:00:00" }, { "bookId": 2, "bookName": "人生", "bookAuthor": "路遥", "purchaseDate": "2011-01-01 00:00:00" } ] }
7.4验证获取单个数据
在浏览器访问http://localhost:8080/jdbc/book/getBook/1,返回如下数据:
{ "bookId": 1, "bookName": "平凡的世界", "bookAuthor": "路遥", "purchaseDate": "2010-01-01 00:00:00" }
7.5验证删除
调用删除接口,将bookId为2的数据删除:
此时访问http://localhost:8080/jdbc/book/getBookList,返回数据只有1条了:
{ "total": 1, "rows": [ { "bookId": 1, "bookName": "平凡的世界", "bookAuthor": "路遥", "purchaseDate": "2010-01-01 00:00:00" } ] }
8.源码地址
以上所述就是小编给大家介绍的《Spring Boot入门(五):使用JDBC访问MySql数据库》,希望对大家有所帮助,如果大家有任何疑问请给我留言,小编会及时回复大家的。在此也非常感谢大家对 码农网 的支持!
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