MySQL中的行级锁定

锁是在执行多线程时用于强行限定资源访问的同步机制，数据库锁根据锁的粒度可分为行级锁，表级锁和页级锁

行级锁

行级锁是 mysql 中粒度最细的一种锁机制，表示只对当前所操作的行进行加锁，行级锁发生冲突的概率很低，其粒度最小，但是加锁的代价最大。行级锁分为共享锁和排他锁。

特点：

开销大，加锁慢，会出现死锁；锁定粒度最小，发生锁冲突的概率最大，并发性也高；

实现原理：

InnoDB行锁是通过给索引项加锁来实现的，这一点mysql和oracle不同，后者是通过在数据库中对相应的数据行加锁来实现的，InnoDB这种行级锁决定，只有通过索引条件来检索数据，才能使用行级锁，否则，直接使用表级锁。特别注意:使用行级锁一定要使用索引

举个栗子：

创建表结构

CREATE TABLE `developerinfo` (
  `userID` bigint(20) NOT NULL,
  `name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `passWord` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`userID`),
  KEY `PASSWORD_INDEX` (`passWord`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
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插入数据

INSERT INTO `developerinfo` VALUES ('1', 'liujie', '123456');
INSERT INTO `developerinfo` VALUES ('2', 'yitong', '123');
INSERT INTO `developerinfo` VALUES ('3', 'tong', '123456');
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（1）通过主键索引来查询数据库使用行锁

打开三个命令行窗口进行测试

mysql> set autocommit = 0; Query OK, 0 rows affected mysql> select * from developerinfo where userid = '1' for update; +--------+--------+----------+ | userID | name | passWord | +--------+--------+----------+ | 1 | liujie | 123456 | +--------+--------+----------+ 1 row in set |mysql> set autocommit = 0; Query OK, 0 rows affected mysql> select * from developerinfo where userid = '1' for update; 等待

|mysql> set autocommit = 0; Query OK, 0 rows affected mysql> select * from developerinfo where userid = '3' for update; +--------+------+----------+ | userID | name | passWord | +--------+------+----------+ | 3 | tong | 123456 | +--------+------+----------+ 1 row in set |mysql> commit; Query OK, 0 rows affected mysql> select * from developerinfo where userid = '1' for update; +--------+--------+----------+ | userID | name | passWord | +--------+--------+----------+ | 1 | liujie | 123456 | +--------+--------+----------+ 1 row in set

（2）查询非索引的字段来查询数据库使用行锁

打开两个命令行窗口进行测试

|mysql> set autocommit=0; Query OK, 0 rows affected mysql> select * from developerinfo where name = 'liujie' for update; +--------+--------+----------+ userID name passWord

+--------+--------+----------+ 1 liujie 123456

+--------+--------+----------+ 1 row in set |mysql> set autocommit=0; Query OK, 0 rows affected mysql> select * from developerinfo where name = 'tong' for update; 等待|

mysql> commit; Query OK, 0 rows affected mysql> select * from developerinfo where name = 'liujie' for update; +--------+--------+----------+ | userID | name | passWord | +--------+--------+----------+ | 1 | liujie | 123456 | +--------+--------+----------+ 1 row in set

##### （3）查询非唯一索引字段来查询数据库使用行锁锁住多行

mysql的行锁是针对索引假的锁，不是针对记录，所以可能会出现锁住不同记录的场景

打开三个命令行窗口进行测试

命令行窗口1	命令行窗口2	命令行窗口3
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mysql> set autocommit=0; Query OK, 0 rows affected mysql> select * from developerinfo where password = '123456 ' for update; +--------+--------+----------+ | userID | name | passWord | +--------+--------+----------+ | 1 | liujie | 123456 | | 3 | tong | 123456 | +--------+--------+----------+ 2 rows in set mysql> set autocommit =0 ; Query OK, 0 rows affected mysql> select * from developerinfo where userid = '1' for update;

等待
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mysql> set autocommit = 0; Query OK, 0 rows affected mysql> select * from developerinfo where userid = '2 ' for update; +--------+--------+----------+ | userID | name | passWord | +--------+--------+----------+ | 2 | yitong | 123 | +--------+--------+----------+ 1 row in set commit; mysql> select * from developerinfo where userid = '1' for update; +--------+--------+----------+ | userID | name | passWord | +--------+--------+----------+ | 1 | liujie | 123456 | +--------+--------+----------+ 1 row in set

##### （4）条件中使用索引来操作检索数据库时，是否使用索引还需有mysql通过判断不同执行计划来决定，是否使用该索引，如需判定如何使用explain来判断索引，请听下回分解
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