内容简介：Md5扩展攻击的原理和应用
*本文原创作者：Guilty and Innocent，本文属FreeBuf原创奖励计划，未经许可禁止转载
做CTF题目的过程中遇到了md5扩展攻击，参考了几篇文章，感觉写的都有些小缺陷，再发一篇文章，理解md5扩展攻击首先需要了解md5的工作原理。
1）md5的工作原理
具体参考这两篇文章
http://blog.csdn.net/adidala/article/details/28677393 ，算法实现有误
https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/pdfrfc/rfc1321.txt.pdf ，算法正确
md5的算法原理如下图所示
Md5的算法步骤是
1、填充
将数据进行填充，首先添加0×80，接着添加0×00使得 （数据字节数 + 8）%64 = 0
2、增加长度
将数据的长度放入8字节的数组中，把低字节放到前面，例如长度为1,8字节的数据长度表示为00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01，把这个长度值转化为低字节在前面变成了01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00，将这个数据加入到整体的数据中。
3、进行轮次变换
以64个字节为1组进行轮次变换，这一组中以4字节为1个单位分成16个数字。
首先准备A，B,C,D四个32位的字符，其中， A = 0×67452301，B = 0xefcdab89
，C = 0x98badcfe,D = 0×10325476, 将ABCD作为种子，与16个数字进行一种复杂的运算（运算方式见后文），运算结果为A1 B1 C1 D1,以A1 B1 C1 D1为种子然后重复这个过程计算最后得到AnBnCnDn
4、输出hash值
将An进行类似于第二步的低字节顺序的排列An’，同理对Bn，Cn，Dn进行同样变换，An’，Bn’,Cn’,Dn’的简单拼接就是最后结果。
注：这里简单记录一下正确的复杂算法
文献1中的算法是错误的，正确的算法是
定义其中几个子算法
F = lambda x,y,z:((x&y)|((~x)&z))
G = lambda x,y,z:((x&z)|(y&(~z)))
H = lambda x,y,z:(x^y^z)
I = lambda x,y,z:(y^(x|(~z)))
def shift(a, count):
return (((a << count) | (a >> (32 -count)))&0xffffffff)
常量表：
T_func = lambda i: int(4294967296*abs(math.sin(i))) & 0xffffffff
T = [T_func(i) for i in xrange(1, 65)]
T.insert(0 , 0)
复杂算法为
INPUT_A = A
INPUT_B = B
INPUT_C = C
INPUT_D = D
M = [ (myord[i * 64 + j + 3] <<24) + (myord[i * 64 + j + 2] << 16 )+ (myord[i * 64 + j + 1] << 8) + (myord[i * 64 + j + 0] )\
for j in xrange(0, 64, 4)]
def shift(a, count):
return (((a << count) | (a >> (32 -count)))&0xffffffff)
#第一轮
A = (B+ shift((A+F(B,C,D)+M[0]+T[1]) &0xffffffff,7) ) & 0xffffffff
D = (A+shift((D+F(A,B,C)+M[1]+T[2]) &0xffffffff ,12) )& 0xffffffff
C = (D+shift((C+F(D,A,B)+M[2]+T[3]) &0xffffffff,17) ) &0xffffffff
B = (C+shift((B+F(C,D,A)+M[3]+T[4]) &0xffffffff,22) )&0xffffffff
A = (B+shift((A+F(B,C,D)+M[4]+T[5]) &0xffffffff,7) )&0xffffffff
D = (A+shift((D+F(A,B,C)+M[5]+T[6])&0xffffffff,12) )&0xffffffff
C = (D+shift((C+F(D,A,B)+M[6]+T[7]) &0xffffffff,17) )&0xffffffff
B = (C+shift((B+F(C,D,A)+M[7]+T[8]) &0xffffffff,22) )&0xffffffff
A = (B+shift((A+F(B,C,D)+M[8]+T[9])&0xffffffff,7) )&0xffffffff
D = (A+shift((D+F(A,B,C)+M[9]+T[10])&0xffffffff,12) )&0xffffffff
C = (D+shift((C+F(D,A,B)+M[10]+T[11])&0xffffffff,17) )&0xffffffff
B = (C+shift((B+F(C,D,A)+M[11]+T[12])&0xffffffff,22) )&0xffffffff
A = (B+shift((A+F(B,C,D)+M[12]+T[13])&0xffffffff,7) )&0xffffffff
D = (A+shift((D+F(A,B,C)+M[13]+T[14])&0xffffffff,12) )&0xffffffff
C = (D+shift((C+F(D,A,B)+M[14]+T[15])&0xffffffff,17) )&0xffffffff
B = (C+shift((B+F(C,D,A)+M[15]+T[16])&0xffffffff,22) )&0xffffffff
#第二轮
A = (B+shift((A+G(B,C,D)+M[1]+T[17])&0xffffffff,5) )&0xffffffff
D = (A+shift((D+G(A,B,C)+M[6]+T[18]) &0xffffffff,9) )&0xffffffff
C = (D+shift((C+G(D,A,B)+M[11]+T[19])&0xffffffff,14) )&0xffffffff
B = (C+shift((B+G(C,D,A)+M[0]+T[20])&0xffffffff,20) )&0xffffffff
A = (B+shift((A+G(B,C,D)+M[5]+T[21])&0xffffffff,5) )&0xffffffff
D = (A+shift((D+G(A,B,C)+M[10]+T[22])&0xffffffff,9) )&0xffffffff
C = (D+shift((C+G(D,A,B)+M[15]+T[23])&0xffffffff,14) )&0xffffffff
B = (C+shift((B+G(C,D,A)+M[4]+T[24])&0xffffffff,20) )&0xffffffff
A = (B+shift((A+G(B,C,D)+M[9]+T[25])&0xffffffff,5) )&0xffffffff
D = (A+shift((D+G(A,B,C)+M[14]+T[26])&0xffffffff,9) )&0xffffffff
C = (D+shift((C+G(D,A,B)+M[3]+T[27])&0xffffffff,14) )&0xffffffff
B = (C+shift((B+G(C,D,A)+M[8]+T[28])&0xffffffff,20) )&0xffffffff
A = (B+shift((A+G(B,C,D)+M[13]+T[29])&0xffffffff,5) )&0xffffffff
D = (A+shift((D+G(A,B,C)+M[2]+T[30])&0xffffffff,9) )&0xffffffff
C = (D+shift((C+G(D,A,B)+M[7]+T[31])&0xffffffff,14) )&0xffffffff
B = (C+shift((B+G(C,D,A)+M[12]+T[32])&0xffffffff,20))&0xffffffff
#第三轮
A = (B+shift((A+H(B,C,D)+M[5]+T[33])&0xffffffff,4) )&0xffffffff
D = (A+shift((D+H(A,B,C)+M[8]+T[34])&0xffffffff,11) )&0xffffffff
C = (D+shift((C+H(D,A,B)+M[11]+T[35])&0xffffffff,16) )&0xffffffff
B = (C+shift((B+H(C,D,A)+M[14]+T[36])&0xffffffff,23) )&0xffffffff
A = (B+shift((A+H(B,C,D)+M[1]+T[37])&0xffffffff,4) )&0xffffffff
D = (A+shift((D+H(A,B,C)+M[4]+T[38])&0xffffffff,11) )&0xffffffff
C = (D+shift((C+H(D,A,B)+M[7]+T[39])&0xffffffff,16) )&0xffffffff
B = (C+shift((B+H(C,D,A)+M[10]+T[40])&0xffffffff,23) )&0xffffffff
A = (B+shift((A+H(B,C,D)+M[13]+T[41])&0xffffffff,4) )&0xffffffff
D = (A+shift((D+H(A,B,C)+M[0]+T[42])&0xffffffff,11) )&0xffffffff
C = (D+shift((C+H(D,A,B)+M[3]+T[43])&0xffffffff,16) )&0xffffffff
B = (C+shift((B+H(C,D,A)+M[6]+T[44])&0xffffffff,23) )&0xffffffff
A = (B+shift((A+H(B,C,D)+M[9]+T[45])&0xffffffff,4) )&0xffffffff
D = (A+shift((D+H(A,B,C)+M[12]+T[46])&0xffffffff,11) )&0xffffffff
C = (D+shift((C+H(D,A,B)+M[15]+T[47])&0xffffffff,16) )&0xffffffff
B = (C+shift((B+H(C,D,A)+M[2]+T[48])&0xffffffff,23))&0xffffffff
#第四轮
A = (B+shift((A+I(B,C,D)+M[0]+T[49])&0xffffffff,6) )&0xffffffff
D = (A+shift((D+I(A,B,C)+M[7]+T[50])&0xffffffff,10) )&0xffffffff
C = (D+shift((C+I(D,A,B)+M[14]+T[51])&0xffffffff,15) )&0xffffffff
B = (C+shift((B+I(C,D,A)+M[5]+T[52])&0xffffffff,21) )&0xffffffff
A = (B+shift((A+I(B,C,D)+M[12]+T[53])&0xffffffff,6) )&0xffffffff
D = (A+shift((D+I(A,B,C)+M[3]+T[54])&0xffffffff,10) )&0xffffffff
C = (D+shift((C+I(D,A,B)+M[10]+T[55])&0xffffffff,15) )&0xffffffff
B = (C+shift((B+I(C,D,A)+M[1]+T[56])&0xffffffff,21) )&0xffffffff
A = (B+shift((A+I(B,C,D)+M[8]+T[57])&0xffffffff,6) )&0xffffffff
D = (A+shift((D+I(A,B,C)+M[15]+T[58])&0xffffffff,10) )&0xffffffff
C = (D+shift((C+I(D,A,B)+M[6]+T[59])&0xffffffff,15) )&0xffffffff
B = (C+shift((B+I(C,D,A)+M[13]+T[60])&0xffffffff,21) )&0xffffffff
A = (B+shift((A+I(B,C,D)+M[4]+T[61])&0xffffffff,6) )&0xffffffff
D = (A+shift((D+I(A,B,C)+M[11]+T[62])&0xffffffff,10) )&0xffffffff
C = (D+shift((C+I(D,A,B)+M[2]+T[63])&0xffffffff,15) )&0xffffffff
B = (C+shift((B+I(C,D,A)+M[9]+T[64])&0xffffffff,21))&0xffffffff
A = (A + INPUT_A) & 0xffffffff
B = (B + INPUT_B) & 0xffffffff
C = (C + INPUT_C) & 0xffffffff
D = (D + INPUT_D) & 0xffffffff
Md5算法实现 python 版本见第三节的中的my_md5>函数实现
理解的md5算法的原理，下面开始讲解md5扩展攻击
2）Md5攻击扩展攻击
首先可以参考这篇文章（ http://www.freebuf.com/articles/web/69264.html ），本文将对这篇文章进行补充说明。
从md5算法原理可以知道，每一轮次计算的ABCD将作为下一轮次计算的初始值，假设我们已知一个数字x的md5值为y，其中x为未知量，即y=md5（x），同时已知x的长度，那么我们就能进行md5扩展攻击，因为我们知道y为md5（x）计算完毕后的ABCD值的简单组合，通过md5的算法可知y = f（x + x的填充值），如果我们增加x1，计算y’=f( (x + x的填充值+x1 ) + (x + x的填充值+x1 ) 的填充值 )则变得可能，应为y’可以使用y转化的AB
CD值同(x1 + (x + x的填充值+x1 ) 的填充值)再进行一轮次的计算既可以得出。
下图阐述了上述算法原理
其中标号1为原始数据x，标号2位原始数据x的填充长度，标号3表示新增加的数据，标号4为标号1,2,3的填充和长度。如果我们已知一个计算出来的hash值，同时知道明文的长度，则我们可以构造标号2的数据，标号3，计算未知数md5值的函数（如服务器端的程序），拿到我们构造的标号2和标号3的数据，会自动添加标号4的数据，计算完标号1和和标号2产生ABCD，接着会产生hash值，这时这个hash值就是可以预测。
攻击者可以计算出标号3和标号4，以ABCD作为输入进行计算本地产出的hash值和服务端计算出的hash值是一致的。
攻击者的视角如下图所示。
1、攻击者提供标号2，标号3，标号4的数据
2、服务端计算到标号2的位置刚好为ABCD这个已知数据
3、攻击者在本地根据标号3和标号4的数据和ABCD值计算hash值攻击成功
而服务端的视角是，攻击者提供了标号2和标号3的数据，服务端计算了标号4的数据，同时服务端产出ABCD，发现没有计算完成，接着运行md5算法，计算出的新的hash值和攻击者一致。
综上所述要想进行此类攻击需要知道两个条件
1、标号1数据的长度。
2、标号1数据的md5值。
最后总结一下攻击步骤
第一步：根据标号1的长度计算标号2的数据，提供标号3的数据，本地计算标号4 的数据，并计算加上标号3和标号4数据后的hash值。
第二步：发送计算出来的hash，和标号2，标号3的数据，攻击成功。
3）程序展示
展示python编写的MD5程序和md5扩展攻击的程序
#-*- coding=utf-8 -*-
import math
def my_md5_extend(salt_hash, salt_length, added_message):
#计算需要填充的数据
added_data = [0x80];
x = salt_length + 1;
while (x + 8) % 64 != 0:
x += 1;
added_data.append(0x00);
salt_length *= 8;
salt_length = salt_length % (2 ** 64);
salt_length = hex(salt_length);
salt_length = salt_length[2:len(salt_length)-1].rjust(16, '0');
salt_length = [int(format(salt_length[i:i+2]), 16) for i in xrange(0, len(salt_length), 2)][::-1]
#下面的数据用于加在payload后面
added_data.extend(salt_length); #important
#打印payload
print ''.join(['%' + hex(item).replace('0x', '').rjust(2,'0') for item in added_data])
#增加新加的数据，然后使用已经md5的数据进行扩展计算，计算出来一个新的hash值
myord = map(ord, added_message);
myord.append(0x80);
added_length = (x + 8 + len(added_message)) ;
y = x + 8 + len(added_message) + 1;
while (y + 8) % 64 != 0:
y += 1;
myord.append(0x00);
added_length *= 8;
added_length = added_length % (2 ** 64);
added_length = hex(added_length);
added_length = added_length[2:len(added_length)-1].rjust(16, '0');
added_length = [int(format(added_length[i:i+2]), 16) for i in xrange(0, len(added_length), 2)][::-1]
myord.extend(added_length);
#使用已经计算出来的hash
myA, myB, myC, myD = ( int(salt_hash[i +6: i + 8] +salt_hash[i + 4: i + 6] +salt_hash[i + 2:i + 4] +salt_hash[i + 0 : i + 2], 16) for i in xrange(0, len(salt_hash), 8));
A = myA;
B = myB;
C = myC;
D = myD;
F = lambda x,y,z:((x&y)|((~x)&z))
G = lambda x,y,z:((x&z)|(y&(~z)))
H = lambda x,y,z:(x^y^z)
I = lambda x,y,z:(y^(x|(~z)))
T_func = lambda i: int(4294967296*abs(math.sin(i))) & 0xffffffff
T = [T_func(i) for i in xrange(1, 65)]
T.insert(0 , 0)
#进行hash计算
for i in xrange(0, len(myord) / 64):
INPUT_A = A
INPUT_B = B
INPUT_C = C
INPUT_D = D
M = [ (myord[i * 64 + j + 3] <<24) + (myord[i * 64 + j + 2] << 16 )+ (myord[i * 64 + j + 1] << 8) + (myord[i * 64 + j + 0] )\
for j in xrange(0, 64, 4)]
def shift(a, count):
return (((a << count) | (a >> (32 -count)))&0xffffffff)
#第一轮
A = (B+ shift((A+F(B,C,D)+M[0]+T[1]) &0xffffffff,7) ) & 0xffffffff
D = (A+shift((D+F(A,B,C)+M[1]+T[2]) &0xffffffff ,12) )& 0xffffffff
C = (D+shift((C+F(D,A,B)+M[2]+T[3]) &0xffffffff,17) ) &0xffffffff
B = (C+shift((B+F(C,D,A)+M[3]+T[4]) &0xffffffff,22) )&0xffffffff
A = (B+shift((A+F(B,C,D)+M[4]+T[5]) &0xffffffff,7) )&0xffffffff
D = (A+shift((D+F(A,B,C)+M[5]+T[6])&0xffffffff,12) )&0xffffffff
C = (D+shift((C+F(D,A,B)+M[6]+T[7]) &0xffffffff,17) )&0xffffffff
B = (C+shift((B+F(C,D,A)+M[7]+T[8]) &0xffffffff,22) )&0xffffffff
A = (B+shift((A+F(B,C,D)+M[8]+T[9])&0xffffffff,7) )&0xffffffff
D = (A+shift((D+F(A,B,C)+M[9]+T[10])&0xffffffff,12) )&0xffffffff
C = (D+shift((C+F(D,A,B)+M[10]+T[11])&0xffffffff,17) )&0xffffffff
B = (C+shift((B+F(C,D,A)+M[11]+T[12])&0xffffffff,22) )&0xffffffff
A = (B+shift((A+F(B,C,D)+M[12]+T[13])&0xffffffff,7) )&0xffffffff
D = (A+shift((D+F(A,B,C)+M[13]+T[14])&0xffffffff,12) )&0xffffffff
C = (D+shift((C+F(D,A,B)+M[14]+T[15])&0xffffffff,17) )&0xffffffff
B = (C+shift((B+F(C,D,A)+M[15]+T[16])&0xffffffff,22) )&0xffffffff
#第二轮
A = (B+shift((A+G(B,C,D)+M[1]+T[17])&0xffffffff,5) )&0xffffffff
D = (A+shift((D+G(A,B,C)+M[6]+T[18]) &0xffffffff,9) )&0xffffffff
C = (D+shift((C+G(D,A,B)+M[11]+T[19])&0xffffffff,14) )&0xffffffff
B = (C+shift((B+G(C,D,A)+M[0]+T[20])&0xffffffff,20) )&0xffffffff
A = (B+shift((A+G(B,C,D)+M[5]+T[21])&0xffffffff,5) )&0xffffffff
D = (A+shift((D+G(A,B,C)+M[10]+T[22])&0xffffffff,9) )&0xffffffff
C = (D+shift((C+G(D,A,B)+M[15]+T[23])&0xffffffff,14) )&0xffffffff
B = (C+shift((B+G(C,D,A)+M[4]+T[24])&0xffffffff,20) )&0xffffffff
A = (B+shift((A+G(B,C,D)+M[9]+T[25])&0xffffffff,5) )&0xffffffff
D = (A+shift((D+G(A,B,C)+M[14]+T[26])&0xffffffff,9) )&0xffffffff
C = (D+shift((C+G(D,A,B)+M[3]+T[27])&0xffffffff,14) )&0xffffffff
B = (C+shift((B+G(C,D,A)+M[8]+T[28])&0xffffffff,20) )&0xffffffff
A = (B+shift((A+G(B,C,D)+M[13]+T[29])&0xffffffff,5) )&0xffffffff
D = (A+shift((D+G(A,B,C)+M[2]+T[30])&0xffffffff,9) )&0xffffffff
C = (D+shift((C+G(D,A,B)+M[7]+T[31])&0xffffffff,14) )&0xffffffff
B = (C+shift((B+G(C,D,A)+M[12]+T[32])&0xffffffff,20))&0xffffffff
#第三轮
A = (B+shift((A+H(B,C,D)+M[5]+T[33])&0xffffffff,4) )&0xffffffff
D = (A+shift((D+H(A,B,C)+M[8]+T[34])&0xffffffff,11) )&0xffffffff
C = (D+shift((C+H(D,A,B)+M[11]+T[35])&0xffffffff,16) )&0xffffffff
B = (C+shift((B+H(C,D,A)+M[14]+T[36])&0xffffffff,23) )&0xffffffff
A = (B+shift((A+H(B,C,D)+M[1]+T[37])&0xffffffff,4) )&0xffffffff
D = (A+shift((D+H(A,B,C)+M[4]+T[38])&0xffffffff,11) )&0xffffffff
C = (D+shift((C+H(D,A,B)+M[7]+T[39])&0xffffffff,16) )&0xffffffff
B = (C+shift((B+H(C,D,A)+M[10]+T[40])&0xffffffff,23) )&0xffffffff
A = (B+shift((A+H(B,C,D)+M[13]+T[41])&0xffffffff,4) )&0xffffffff
D = (A+shift((D+H(A,B,C)+M[0]+T[42])&0xffffffff,11) )&0xffffffff
C = (D+shift((C+H(D,A,B)+M[3]+T[43])&0xffffffff,16) )&0xffffffff
B = (C+shift((B+H(C,D,A)+M[6]+T[44])&0xffffffff,23) )&0xffffffff
A = (B+shift((A+H(B,C,D)+M[9]+T[45])&0xffffffff,4) )&0xffffffff
D = (A+shift((D+H(A,B,C)+M[12]+T[46])&0xffffffff,11) )&0xffffffff
C = (D+shift((C+H(D,A,B)+M[15]+T[47])&0xffffffff,16) )&0xffffffff
B = (C+shift((B+H(C,D,A)+M[2]+T[48])&0xffffffff,23))&0xffffffff
#第四轮
A = (B+shift((A+I(B,C,D)+M[0]+T[49])&0xffffffff,6) )&0xffffffff
D = (A+shift((D+I(A,B,C)+M[7]+T[50])&0xffffffff,10) )&0xffffffff
C = (D+shift((C+I(D,A,B)+M[14]+T[51])&0xffffffff,15) )&0xffffffff
B = (C+shift((B+I(C,D,A)+M[5]+T[52])&0xffffffff,21) )&0xffffffff
A = (B+shift((A+I(B,C,D)+M[12]+T[53])&0xffffffff,6) )&0xffffffff
D = (A+shift((D+I(A,B,C)+M[3]+T[54])&0xffffffff,10) )&0xffffffff
C = (D+shift((C+I(D,A,B)+M[10]+T[55])&0xffffffff,15) )&0xffffffff
B = (C+shift((B+I(C,D,A)+M[1]+T[56])&0xffffffff,21) )&0xffffffff
A = (B+shift((A+I(B,C,D)+M[8]+T[57])&0xffffffff,6) )&0xffffffff
D = (A+shift((D+I(A,B,C)+M[15]+T[58])&0xffffffff,10) )&0xffffffff
C = (D+shift((C+I(D,A,B)+M[6]+T[59])&0xffffffff,15) )&0xffffffff
B = (C+shift((B+I(C,D,A)+M[13]+T[60])&0xffffffff,21) )&0xffffffff
A = (B+shift((A+I(B,C,D)+M[4]+T[61])&0xffffffff,6) )&0xffffffff
D = (A+shift((D+I(A,B,C)+M[11]+T[62])&0xffffffff,10) )&0xffffffff
C = (D+shift((C+I(D,A,B)+M[2]+T[63])&0xffffffff,15) )&0xffffffff
B = (C+shift((B+I(C,D,A)+M[9]+T[64])&0xffffffff,21))&0xffffffff
A = (A + INPUT_A) & 0xffffffff
B = (B + INPUT_B) & 0xffffffff
C = (C + INPUT_C) & 0xffffffff
D = (D + INPUT_D) & 0xffffffff
def show_result(A, B, C, D):
result = "";
mya = [hex(A)[2:len(hex(A)[2:]) if hex(A).find('L') == -1 else -1].rjust(8, '0')[k:k+2] for k in xrange(0, 8, 2)][::-1]
myb = [hex(B)[2:len(hex(B)[2:]) if hex(B).find('L') == -1 else -1].rjust(8, '0')[k:k+2] for k in xrange(0, 8, 2)][::-1]
myc = [hex(C)[2:len(hex(C)[2:]) if hex(C).find('L') == -1 else -1].rjust(8, '0')[k:k+2] for k in xrange(0, 8, 2)][::-1]
myd = [hex(D)[2:len(hex(D)[2:]) if hex(D).find('L') == -1 else -1].rjust(8, '0')[k:k+2] for k in xrange(0, 8, 2)][::-1]
return ''.join(mya + myb + myc + myd)
return show_result(A, B, C, D);
print my_md5_extend('571580b26c65f306376d4f64e53cb5c7', 15 + len('adminadmin'), 'nb');
def my_md5(mystring):
#第一步填充
#mystring = 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'
myord =map(ord, mystring);#转化成为16进制的array
myord_length = len(myord) * 8;
myord.append(0x80);
while (len(myord) * 8 + 64 )% 512 != 0:
myord.append(0x00);
#第二步增加长度
myord_length = myord_length % (2 ** 64);
myord_length = hex(myord_length);
myord_length = myord_length[2:len(myord_length)-1].rjust(16, '0');
myord_length = [int(format(myord_length[i:i+2]), 16) for i in xrange(0, len(myord_length), 2)][::-1]
myord.extend(myord_length)
#对每一个512位做处理
A = 0x67452301
B = 0xefcdab89
C = 0x98badcfe
D = 0x10325476
F = lambda x,y,z:((x&y)|((~x)&z))
G = lambda x,y,z:((x&z)|(y&(~z)))
H = lambda x,y,z:(x^y^z)
I = lambda x,y,z:(y^(x|(~z)))
T_func = lambda i: int(4294967296*abs(math.sin(i))) & 0xffffffff
T = [T_func(i) for i in xrange(1, 65)]
T.insert(0 , 0)#错误的位置
for i in xrange(0, len(myord) / 64):
INPUT_A = A
INPUT_B = B
INPUT_C = C
INPUT_D = D
M = [ (myord[i * 64 + j + 3] <<24) + (myord[i * 64 + j + 2] << 16 )+ (myord[i * 64 + j + 1] << 8) + (myord[i * 64 + j + 0] )\
for j in xrange(0, 64, 4)]
def shift(a, count):
return (((a << count) | (a >> (32 -count)))&0xffffffff)
#第一轮
A = (B+ shift((A+F(B,C,D)+M[0]+T[1]) &0xffffffff,7) ) & 0xffffffff
D = (A+shift((D+F(A,B,C)+M[1]+T[2]) &0xffffffff ,12) )& 0xffffffff
C = (D+shift((C+F(D,A,B)+M[2]+T[3]) &0xffffffff,17) ) &0xffffffff
B = (C+shift((B+F(C,D,A)+M[3]+T[4]) &0xffffffff,22) )&0xffffffff
A = (B+shift((A+F(B,C,D)+M[4]+T[5]) &0xffffffff,7) )&0xffffffff
D = (A+shift((D+F(A,B,C)+M[5]+T[6])&0xffffffff,12) )&0xffffffff
C = (D+shift((C+F(D,A,B)+M[6]+T[7]) &0xffffffff,17) )&0xffffffff
B = (C+shift((B+F(C,D,A)+M[7]+T[8]) &0xffffffff,22) )&0xffffffff
A = (B+shift((A+F(B,C,D)+M[8]+T[9])&0xffffffff,7) )&0xffffffff
D = (A+shift((D+F(A,B,C)+M[9]+T[10])&0xffffffff,12) )&0xffffffff
C = (D+shift((C+F(D,A,B)+M[10]+T[11])&0xffffffff,17) )&0xffffffff
B = (C+shift((B+F(C,D,A)+M[11]+T[12])&0xffffffff,22) )&0xffffffff
A = (B+shift((A+F(B,C,D)+M[12]+T[13])&0xffffffff,7) )&0xffffffff
D = (A+shift((D+F(A,B,C)+M[13]+T[14])&0xffffffff,12) )&0xffffffff
C = (D+shift((C+F(D,A,B)+M[14]+T[15])&0xffffffff,17) )&0xffffffff
B = (C+shift((B+F(C,D,A)+M[15]+T[16])&0xffffffff,22) )&0xffffffff
#第二轮
A = (B+shift((A+G(B,C,D)+M[1]+T[17])&0xffffffff,5) )&0xffffffff
D = (A+shift((D+G(A,B,C)+M[6]+T[18]) &0xffffffff,9) )&0xffffffff
C = (D+shift((C+G(D,A,B)+M[11]+T[19])&0xffffffff,14) )&0xffffffff
B = (C+shift((B+G(C,D,A)+M[0]+T[20])&0xffffffff,20) )&0xffffffff
A = (B+shift((A+G(B,C,D)+M[5]+T[21])&0xffffffff,5) )&0xffffffff
D = (A+shift((D+G(A,B,C)+M[10]+T[22])&0xffffffff,9) )&0xffffffff
C = (D+shift((C+G(D,A,B)+M[15]+T[23])&0xffffffff,14) )&0xffffffff
B = (C+shift((B+G(C,D,A)+M[4]+T[24])&0xffffffff,20) )&0xffffffff
A = (B+shift((A+G(B,C,D)+M[9]+T[25])&0xffffffff,5) )&0xffffffff
D = (A+shift((D+G(A,B,C)+M[14]+T[26])&0xffffffff,9) )&0xffffffff
C = (D+shift((C+G(D,A,B)+M[3]+T[27])&0xffffffff,14) )&0xffffffff
B = (C+shift((B+G(C,D,A)+M[8]+T[28])&0xffffffff,20) )&0xffffffff
A = (B+shift((A+G(B,C,D)+M[13]+T[29])&0xffffffff,5) )&0xffffffff
D = (A+shift((D+G(A,B,C)+M[2]+T[30])&0xffffffff,9) )&0xffffffff
C = (D+shift((C+G(D,A,B)+M[7]+T[31])&0xffffffff,14) )&0xffffffff
B = (C+shift((B+G(C,D,A)+M[12]+T[32])&0xffffffff,20))&0xffffffff
#第三轮
A = (B+shift((A+H(B,C,D)+M[5]+T[33])&0xffffffff,4) )&0xffffffff
D = (A+shift((D+H(A,B,C)+M[8]+T[34])&0xffffffff,11) )&0xffffffff
C = (D+shift((C+H(D,A,B)+M[11]+T[35])&0xffffffff,16) )&0xffffffff
B = (C+shift((B+H(C,D,A)+M[14]+T[36])&0xffffffff,23) )&0xffffffff
A = (B+shift((A+H(B,C,D)+M[1]+T[37])&0xffffffff,4) )&0xffffffff
D = (A+shift((D+H(A,B,C)+M[4]+T[38])&0xffffffff,11) )&0xffffffff
C = (D+shift((C+H(D,A,B)+M[7]+T[39])&0xffffffff,16) )&0xffffffff
B = (C+shift((B+H(C,D,A)+M[10]+T[40])&0xffffffff,23) )&0xffffffff
A = (B+shift((A+H(B,C,D)+M[13]+T[41])&0xffffffff,4) )&0xffffffff
D = (A+shift((D+H(A,B,C)+M[0]+T[42])&0xffffffff,11) )&0xffffffff
C = (D+shift((C+H(D,A,B)+M[3]+T[43])&0xffffffff,16) )&0xffffffff
B = (C+shift((B+H(C,D,A)+M[6]+T[44])&0xffffffff,23) )&0xffffffff
A = (B+shift((A+H(B,C,D)+M[9]+T[45])&0xffffffff,4) )&0xffffffff
D = (A+shift((D+H(A,B,C)+M[12]+T[46])&0xffffffff,11) )&0xffffffff
C = (D+shift((C+H(D,A,B)+M[15]+T[47])&0xffffffff,16) )&0xffffffff
B = (C+shift((B+H(C,D,A)+M[2]+T[48])&0xffffffff,23))&0xffffffff
#第四轮
A = (B+shift((A+I(B,C,D)+M[0]+T[49])&0xffffffff,6) )&0xffffffff
D = (A+shift((D+I(A,B,C)+M[7]+T[50])&0xffffffff,10) )&0xffffffff
C = (D+shift((C+I(D,A,B)+M[14]+T[51])&0xffffffff,15) )&0xffffffff
B = (C+shift((B+I(C,D,A)+M[5]+T[52])&0xffffffff,21) )&0xffffffff
A = (B+shift((A+I(B,C,D)+M[12]+T[53])&0xffffffff,6) )&0xffffffff
D = (A+shift((D+I(A,B,C)+M[3]+T[54])&0xffffffff,10) )&0xffffffff
C = (D+shift((C+I(D,A,B)+M[10]+T[55])&0xffffffff,15) )&0xffffffff
B = (C+shift((B+I(C,D,A)+M[1]+T[56])&0xffffffff,21) )&0xffffffff
A = (B+shift((A+I(B,C,D)+M[8]+T[57])&0xffffffff,6) )&0xffffffff
D = (A+shift((D+I(A,B,C)+M[15]+T[58])&0xffffffff,10) )&0xffffffff
C = (D+shift((C+I(D,A,B)+M[6]+T[59])&0xffffffff,15) )&0xffffffff
B = (C+shift((B+I(C,D,A)+M[13]+T[60])&0xffffffff,21) )&0xffffffff
A = (B+shift((A+I(B,C,D)+M[4]+T[61])&0xffffffff,6) )&0xffffffff
D = (A+shift((D+I(A,B,C)+M[11]+T[62])&0xffffffff,10) )&0xffffffff
C = (D+shift((C+I(D,A,B)+M[2]+T[63])&0xffffffff,15) )&0xffffffff
B = (C+shift((B+I(C,D,A)+M[9]+T[64])&0xffffffff,21))&0xffffffff
A = (A + INPUT_A) & 0xffffffff
B = (B + INPUT_B) & 0xffffffff
C = (C + INPUT_C) & 0xffffffff
D = (D + INPUT_D) & 0xffffffff
def show_result(A, B, C, D):
result = "";
mya = [hex(A)[2:len(hex(A)[2:]) if hex(A).find('L') == -1 else -1].rjust(8, '0')[k:k+2] for k in xrange(0, 8, 2)][::-1]
myb = [hex(B)[2:len(hex(B)[2:]) if hex(B).find('L') == -1 else -1].rjust(8, '0')[k:k+2] for k in xrange(0, 8, 2)][::-1]
myc = [hex(C)[2:len(hex(C)[2:]) if hex(C).find('L') == -1 else -1].rjust(8, '0')[k:k+2] for k in xrange(0, 8, 2)][::-1]
myd = [hex(D)[2:len(hex(D)[2:]) if hex(D).find('L') == -1 else -1].rjust(8, '0')[k:k+2] for k in xrange(0, 8, 2)][::-1]
return ''.join(mya + myb + myc + myd)
return show_result(A, B, C, D);
4）结语
在做ctf题目的时候加强对原理的理解，和动手实践，文字总结的方式可以帮助记忆。
参考文献：
【1】 http://blog.csdn.net/adidala/article/details/28677393
【2】 https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/pdfrfc/rfc1321.txt.pdf
【3】 http://www.freebuf.com/articles/web/69264.html
*本文原创作者：Guilty and Innocent，本文属FreeBuf原创奖励计划，未经许可禁止转载
以上所述就是小编给大家介绍的《Md5扩展攻击的原理和应用》，希望对大家有所帮助，如果大家有任何疑问请给我留言，小编会及时回复大家的。在此也非常感谢大家对 码农网 的支持！
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Probability and Computing: Randomization and Probabilistic Techn
Michael Mitzenmacher、Eli Upfal / Cambridge University Press / 2017-7-3 / USD 62.23
Greatly expanded, this new edition requires only an elementary background in discrete mathematics and offers a comprehensive introduction to the role of randomization and probabilistic techniques in m......一起来看看 《Probability and Computing: Randomization and Probabilistic Techn》 这本书的介绍吧!
