内容简介:2019最新k8s集群搭建教程 (centos k8s 搭建) 网上全是要么过时的,要么残缺的,大多数都是2016年,2017年的文档,照着尝试了N次,各种卸了重装,最后centos系统都搞得乱七八糟,各种配置互相冲突,影响,一直在kubeadm init 报错, 后来实在无果,重新安装了centos系统,从头再来非常感谢网友@丿陌路灬再见ミ 技术支持和耐心指导
2019最新k8s集群搭建教程 (centos k8s 搭建) 网上全是要么过时的,要么残缺的,大多数都是2016年,2017年的文档,照着尝试了N次,各种卸了重装,最后centos系统都搞得乱七八糟,各种配置互相冲突,影响,一直在kubeadm init 报错, 后来实在无果,重新安装了centos系统,从头再来
非常感谢网友@丿陌路灬再见ミ 技术支持和耐心指导
- 首先fork我的github到本地
git clone https://github.com/qxl1231/2019-k8s-centos.git cd 2019-k8s-centos 复制代码
- 安装完master后,还要安装下dashboard,请看另一个dashboard的md文档
centos7 部署 k8s 集群
安装docker-ce
Master、Node节点都需要安装、配置Docker
# 卸载原来的docker sudo yum remove docker \ docker-client \ docker-client-latest \ docker-common \ docker-latest \ docker-latest-logrotate \ docker-logrotate \ docker-engine # 安装依赖 sudo yum update -y && sudo yum install -y yum-utils \ device-mapper-persistent-data \ lvm2 # 添加官方yum库 sudo yum-config-manager \ --add-repo \ https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo # 安装docker sudo yum install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io # 查看 docker 版本 docker --version # 开机启动 systemctl enable --now docker 复制代码
或者使用脚本一键安装
curl -fsSL "https://get.docker.com/" | sh systemctl enable --now docker 复制代码
修改docker cgroup驱动,与k8s一致,使用systemd
# 修改docker cgroup驱动:native.cgroupdriver=systemd cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json <<EOF { "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"], "log-driver": "json-file", "log-opts": { "max-size": "100m" }, "storage-driver": "overlay2", "storage-opts": [ "overlay2.override_kernel_check=true" ] } EOF systemctl restart docker # 重启使配置生效 复制代码
安装 kubelet kubeadm kubectl
master、node节点都需要安装kubelet kubeadm kubectl。
安装kubernetes的时候,需要安装kubelet, kubeadm等包,但k8s官网给的yum源是packages.cloud.google.com,国内访问不了,此时我们可以使用阿里云的yum仓库镜像。
cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo [kubernetes] name=Kubernetes baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64 enabled=1 gpgcheck=0 repo_gpgcheck=0 gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg EOF # 关闭SElinux setenforce 0 sed -i 's/^SELINUX=enforcing$/SELINUX=permissive/' /etc/selinux/config # 安装kubelet kubeadm kubectl yum install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl --disableexcludes=kubernetes systemctl enable --now kubelet # 开机启动kubelet # centos7用户还需要设置路由: yum install -y bridge-utils.x86_64 modprobe br_netfilter # 加载br_netfilter模块,使用lsmod查看开启的模块 cat <<EOF > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1 net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1 EOF sysctl --system # 重新加载所有配置文件 systemctl disable --now firewalld # 关闭防火墙 # k8s要求关闭swap (qxl) swapoff -a && sysctl -w vm.swappiness=0 # 关闭swap sed -ri '/^[^#]*swap/s@^@#@' /etc/fstab # 取消开机挂载swap 复制代码
使用虚拟机的可以做完以上步骤后,进行克隆。实验环境为1 Master,2 Node
创建集群准备工作
# Master端: kubeadm config images pull # 拉取集群所需镜像,这个需要翻墙 # --- 不能翻墙可以尝试以下办法 --- kubeadm config images list # 列出所需镜像 #(不是一定是下面的,根据实际情况来) # 根据所需镜像名字先拉取国内资源 docker pull mirrorgooglecontainers/kube-apiserver:v1.14.1 docker pull mirrorgooglecontainers/kube-controller-manager:v1.14.1 docker pull mirrorgooglecontainers/kube-scheduler:v1.14.1 docker pull mirrorgooglecontainers/kube-proxy:v1.14.1 docker pull mirrorgooglecontainers/pause:3.1 docker pull mirrorgooglecontainers/etcd:3.3.10 docker pull coredns/coredns:1.3.1 # 这个在mirrorgooglecontainers中没有 # 修改镜像tag docker tag mirrorgooglecontainers/kube-apiserver:v1.14.1 k8s.gcr.io/kube-apiserver:v1.14.1 docker tag mirrorgooglecontainers/kube-controller-manager:v1.14.1 k8s.gcr.io/kube-controller-manager:v1.14.1 docker tag mirrorgooglecontainers/kube-scheduler:v1.14.1 k8s.gcr.io/kube-scheduler:v1.14.1 docker tag mirrorgooglecontainers/kube-proxy:v1.14.1 k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy:v1.14.1 docker tag mirrorgooglecontainers/pause:3.1 k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.1 docker tag mirrorgooglecontainers/etcd:3.3.10 k8s.gcr.io/etcd:3.3.10 docker tag coredns/coredns:1.3.1 k8s.gcr.io/coredns:1.3.1 # 把所需的镜像下载好,init的时候就不会再拉镜像,由于无法连接google镜像库导致出错 # 删除原来的镜像 docker rmi mirrorgooglecontainers/kube-apiserver:v1.14.1 docker rmi mirrorgooglecontainers/kube-controller-manager:v1.14.1 docker rmi mirrorgooglecontainers/kube-scheduler:v1.14.1 docker rmi mirrorgooglecontainers/kube-proxy:v1.14.1 docker rmi mirrorgooglecontainers/pause:3.1 docker rmi mirrorgooglecontainers/etcd:3.3.10 docker rmi coredns/coredns:1.3.1 # --- 不能翻墙可以尝试使用 --- # Node端: # 根据所需镜像名字先拉取国内资源 docker pull mirrorgooglecontainers/kube-proxy:v1.14.1 docker pull mirrorgooglecontainers/pause:3.1 # 修改镜像tag docker tag mirrorgooglecontainers/kube-proxy:v1.14.1 k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy:v1.14.1 docker tag mirrorgooglecontainers/pause:3.1 k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.1 # 删除原来的镜像 docker rmi mirrorgooglecontainers/kube-proxy:v1.14.1 docker rmi mirrorgooglecontainers/pause:3.1 # 不加载镜像node节点不能 复制代码
使用kubeadm创建集群
# 第一次初始化过程中/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf该文件存在,是空文件(我自己手动创建的),会报错:panic: runtime error: invalid memory address or nil pointer dereference ls /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf && mv /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf.bak # 移走备份 # 初始化Master(Master需要至少2核)此处会各种报错,异常...成功与否就在此 kubeadm init --apiserver-advertise-address 192.168.200.25 --pod-network-cidr 10.244.0.0/16 # --kubernetes-version 1.14.1 # --apiserver-advertise-address 指定与其它节点通信的接口 # --pod-network-cidr 指定pod网络子网,使用fannel网络必须使用这个CIDR 复制代码
- 运行初始化,程序会检验环境一致性,可以根据实际错误提示进一步修复问题。
- 程序会访问https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable-1.txt获取最新的k8s版本,访问这个连接需要FQ,如果无法访问,则会使用kubeadm client的版本作为安装的版本号,使用kubeadm version查看client版本。也可以使用--kubernetes-version明确指定版本。
# 初始化结果: [init] Using Kubernetes version: v1.14.1 [preflight] Running pre-flight checks [preflight] Pulling images required for setting up a Kubernetes cluster [preflight] This might take a minute or two, depending on the speed of your internet connection [preflight] You can also perform this action in beforehand using 'kubeadm config images pull' [kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env" [kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml" [kubelet-start] Activating the kubelet service [certs] Using certificateDir folder "/etc/kubernetes/pki" [certs] Using existing etcd/ca certificate authority [certs] Using existing etcd/server certificate and key on disk [certs] Using existing etcd/peer certificate and key on disk [certs] Using existing etcd/healthcheck-client certificate and key on disk [certs] Using existing apiserver-etcd-client certificate and key on disk [certs] Using existing ca certificate authority [certs] Using existing apiserver certificate and key on disk [certs] Using existing apiserver-kubelet-client certificate and key on disk [certs] Using existing front-proxy-ca certificate authority [certs] Using existing front-proxy-client certificate and key on disk [certs] Using the existing "sa" key [kubeconfig] Using kubeconfig folder "/etc/kubernetes" [kubeconfig] Writing "admin.conf" kubeconfig file [kubeconfig] Writing "kubelet.conf" kubeconfig file [kubeconfig] Writing "controller-manager.conf" kubeconfig file [kubeconfig] Writing "scheduler.conf" kubeconfig file [control-plane] Using manifest folder "/etc/kubernetes/manifests" [control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-apiserver" [control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-controller-manager" [control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-scheduler" [etcd] Creating static Pod manifest for local etcd in "/etc/kubernetes/manifests" [wait-control-plane] Waiting for the kubelet to boot up the control plane as static Pods from directory "/etc/kubernetes/manifests". This can take up to 4m0s [apiclient] All control plane components are healthy after 21.503375 seconds [upload-config] storing the configuration used in ConfigMap "kubeadm-config" in the "kube-system" Namespace [kubelet] Creating a ConfigMap "kubelet-config-1.14" in namespace kube-system with the configuration for the kubelets in the cluster [upload-certs] Skipping phase. Please see --experimental-upload-certs [mark-control-plane] Marking the node master as control-plane by adding the label "node-role.kubernetes.io/master=''" [mark-control-plane] Marking the node master as control-plane by adding the taints [node-role.kubernetes.io/master:NoSchedule] [bootstrap-token] Using token: w2i0mh.5fxxz8vk5k8db0wq [bootstrap-token] Configuring bootstrap tokens, cluster-info ConfigMap, RBAC Roles [bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow Node Bootstrap tokens to post CSRs in order for nodes to get long term certificate credentials [bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow the csrapprover controller automatically approve CSRs from a Node Bootstrap Token [bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow certificate rotation for all node client certificates in the cluster [bootstrap-token] creating the "cluster-info" ConfigMap in the "kube-public" namespace [addons] Applied essential addon: CoreDNS [addons] Applied essential addon: kube-proxy Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully! To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user: mkdir -p $HOME/.kube sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster. Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at: https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/ Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root: #每个机器创建的master以下部分都不同,需要自己保存好-qxl kubeadm join 192.168.200.25:6443 --token our9a0.zl490imi6t81tn5u \ --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:b93f710eb9b389a69f0cd0d6dcf7c82e389a68f009eb6b2028f69d54b099de16 复制代码
普通用户设置权限
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config 复制代码
应用flannel网络
kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml 复制代码
node加入机器
# node1: kubeadm join 192.168.20.5:6443 --token w2i0mh.5fxxz8vk5k8db0wq \ --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:65e82e987f50908f3640df7e05c7a91f390a02726c9142808faa739d4dc24252 # node2: kubeadm join 192.168.20.5:6443 --token w2i0mh.5fxxz8vk5k8db0wq \ --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:65e82e987f50908f3640df7e05c7a91f390a02726c9142808faa739d4dc24252 复制代码
输出日志:
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks [preflight] Reading configuration from the cluster... [preflight] FYI: You can look at this config file with 'kubectl -n kube-system get cm kubeadm-config -oyaml' [kubelet-start] Downloading configuration for the kubelet from the "kubelet-config-1.14" ConfigMap in the kube-system namespace [kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml" [kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env" [kubelet-start] Activating the kubelet service [kubelet-start] Waiting for the kubelet to perform the TLS Bootstrap... This node has joined the cluster: * Certificate signing request was sent to apiserver and a response was received. * The Kubelet was informed of the new secure connection details. Run 'kubectl get nodes' on the control-plane to see this node join the cluster. 复制代码
# master: kubectl get pods --all-namespaces # ---输出信息--- NAMESPACE NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE kube-system coredns-fb8b8dccf-rn8kd 1/1 Running 0 170m kube-system coredns-fb8b8dccf-slwr4 1/1 Running 0 170m kube-system etcd-master 1/1 Running 0 169m kube-system kube-apiserver-master 1/1 Running 0 169m kube-system kube-controller-manager-master 1/1 Running 0 169m kube-system kube-flannel-ds-amd64-l8c7c 1/1 Running 0 130m kube-system kube-flannel-ds-amd64-lcmxw 1/1 Running 1 117m kube-system kube-flannel-ds-amd64-pqnln 1/1 Running 1 72m kube-system kube-proxy-4kcqb 1/1 Running 0 170m kube-system kube-proxy-jcqjd 1/1 Running 0 72m kube-system kube-proxy-vm9sj 1/1 Running 0 117m kube-system kube-scheduler-master 1/1 Running 0 169m # ---输出信息--- kubectl get nodes # ---输出信息--- NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION master Ready master 171m v1.14.1 node1 Ready <none> 118m v1.14.1 node2 Ready <none> 74m v1.14.1 # ---输出信息--- 复制代码
排错
journalctl -f # 当前输出日志 journalctl -f -u kubelet # 只看当前的kubelet进程日志 复制代码
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UNIX环境高级编程
W.Richard Stevens、Stephen A.Rago / 尤晋元、张亚英、戚正伟 / 人民邮电出版社 / 2006年 / 99.00元
本书是被誉为UNIX编程“圣经”的Advanced Programming in the UNIX Environment一书的更新版。在本书第1版出版后的十几年中,UNIX行业已经有了巨大的变化,特别是影响UNIX编程接口的有关标准变化很大。本书在保持了前一版风格的基础上,根据最新的标准对内容进行了修订和增补,反映了最新的技术发展。书中除了介绍UNIX文件和目录、标准I/O库、系统数据文件和信息......一起来看看 《UNIX环境高级编程》 这本书的介绍吧!