内容简介：在go中，uintptr不能持有对象，unsafe包不安全，但是我之前一直没有时间验证，今天写了段代码验证了一下。根据逃逸分析可以看出来f和f2这两个函数中的d变量分别分配在哪里：可以看出来在函数f中，d逃逸到堆上；但是在函数f2中，d没有发生逃逸，uintptr没有持有对象。
在 go 中，uintptr不能持有对象，unsafe包不安全，但是我之前一直没有时间验证，今天写了段代码验证了一下。
代码
package main
import (
"fmt"
"unsafe"
)
func main() {
a := f()
b := f2()
fmt.Println(a)
fmt.Println(b)
}
//go:noinline
func f() unsafe.Pointer {
d := 1
p := unsafe.Pointer(&d)
return p
}
//go:noinline
func f2() uintptr {
d := 1
p := uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&d))
return p
}
逃逸分析
根据逃逸分析可以看出来f和f2这两个函数中的d变量分别分配在哪里：
编译参数方法
$ go build -gcflags '-m -m' unsafe.go
# command-line-arguments
./unsafe.go:16:6: cannot inline f: marked go:noinline
./unsafe.go:23:6: cannot inline f2: marked go:noinline
./unsafe.go:8:6: cannot inline main: function too complex: cost 260 exceeds budget 80
./unsafe.go:11:13: inlining call to fmt.Println func(...interface {}) (int, error) { return fmt.Fprintln(io.Writer(os.Stdout), fmt.a...) }
./unsafe.go:12:13: inlining call to fmt.Println func(...interface {}) (int, error) { return fmt.Fprintln(io.Writer(os.Stdout), fmt.a...) }
./unsafe.go:18:22: &d escapes to heap
./unsafe.go:18:22: from p (assigned) at ./unsafe.go:18:4
./unsafe.go:18:22: from ~r0 (return) at ./unsafe.go:19:2
./unsafe.go:17:2: moved to heap: d
./unsafe.go:25:30: f2 &d does not escape
./unsafe.go:11:13: a escapes to heap
./unsafe.go:11:13: from ~arg0 (assign-pair) at ./unsafe.go:11:13
./unsafe.go:11:13: io.Writer(os.Stdout) escapes to heap
./unsafe.go:11:13: from io.Writer(os.Stdout) (passed to call[argument escapes]) at ./unsafe.go:11:13
./unsafe.go:12:13: io.Writer(os.Stdout) escapes to heap
./unsafe.go:12:13: from io.Writer(os.Stdout) (passed to call[argument escapes]) at ./unsafe.go:12:13
./unsafe.go:12:13: b escapes to heap
./unsafe.go:12:13: from ~arg0 (assign-pair) at ./unsafe.go:12:13
./unsafe.go:12:13: from []interface {} literal (slice-literal-element) at ./unsafe.go:12:13
./unsafe.go:12:13: from fmt.a (assigned) at ./unsafe.go:12:13
./unsafe.go:12:13: from *fmt.a (indirection) at ./unsafe.go:12:13
./unsafe.go:12:13: from fmt.a (passed to call[argument content escapes]) at ./unsafe.go:12:13
./unsafe.go:11:13: main []interface {} literal does not escape
./unsafe.go:12:13: main []interface {} literal does not escape
<autogenerated>:1: os.(*File).close .this does not escape
可以看出来在函数f中，d逃逸到堆上；但是在函数f2中，d没有发生逃逸，uintptr没有持有对象。
汇编
再来看看汇编的结果：
$ go tool compile -S unsafe.go | grep unsafe.go:24 0x000e 00014 (unsafe.go:24) PCDATA $2, $0 0x000e 00014 (unsafe.go:24) PCDATA $0, $0 0x000e 00014 (unsafe.go:24) MOVQ $1, "".d(SP) $ go tool compile -S unsafe.go | grep unsafe.go:17 0x001d 00029 (unsafe.go:17) PCDATA $2, $1 0x001d 00029 (unsafe.go:17) PCDATA $0, $0 0x001d 00029 (unsafe.go:17) LEAQ type.int(SB), AX 0x0024 00036 (unsafe.go:17) PCDATA $2, $0 0x0024 00036 (unsafe.go:17) MOVQ AX, (SP) 0x0028 00040 (unsafe.go:17) CALL runtime.newobject(SB) 0x002d 00045 (unsafe.go:17) PCDATA $2, $1 0x002d 00045 (unsafe.go:17) MOVQ 8(SP), AX 0x0032 00050 (unsafe.go:17) MOVQ $1, (AX)
可以看出来，结果也是一样的，f中的d调用了newobject，但是f2中没有。
结论
所以为什么说unsafe包不安全呢，原因之一就是因为go不保证地址一定是有效的，当然还有其它的原因，有时间再验证分享。
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