内容简介:kubernetes管理的容器命名规则解析
本文将归档到 kubernetes-handbook 的【运维管理-监控】章节中,最终版本以kubernetes-handbook中为准。
当我们通过cAdvisor获取到了容器的信息后,例如访问 ${NODE_IP}:4194/api/v1.3/docker
获取的json结果中的某个容器包含如下字段:
"labels": { "annotation.io.kubernetes.container.hash": "f47f0602", "annotation.io.kubernetes.container.ports": "[{\"containerPort\":80,\"protocol\":\"TCP\"}]", "annotation.io.kubernetes.container.restartCount": "0", "annotation.io.kubernetes.container.terminationMessagePath": "/dev/termination-log", "annotation.io.kubernetes.container.terminationMessagePolicy": "File", "annotation.io.kubernetes.pod.terminationGracePeriod": "30", "io.kubernetes.container.logpath": "/var/log/pods/d8a2e995-3617-11e7-a4b0-ecf4bbe5d414/php-redis_0.log", "io.kubernetes.container.name": "php-redis", "io.kubernetes.docker.type": "container", "io.kubernetes.pod.name": "frontend-2337258262-771lz", "io.kubernetes.pod.namespace": "default", "io.kubernetes.pod.uid": "d8a2e995-3617-11e7-a4b0-ecf4bbe5d414", "io.kubernetes.sandbox.id": "843a0f018c0cef2a5451434713ea3f409f0debc2101d2264227e814ca0745677" },
这些信息其实都是kubernetes创建容器时给docker container打的 Labels
。
你是否想过这些label跟容器的名字有什么关系?当你在node节点上执行 docker ps
看到的容器名字又对应哪个应用的Pod呢?
在kubernetes代码中pkg/kubelet/dockertools/docker.go中的BuildDockerName方法定义了容器的名称规范。
这段容器名称定义代码如下:
// Creates a name which can be reversed to identify both full pod name and container name. // This function returns stable name, unique name and a unique id. // Although rand.Uint32() is not really unique, but it's enough for us because error will // only occur when instances of the same container in the same pod have the same UID. The // chance is really slim. func BuildDockerName(dockerName KubeletContainerName, container *v1.Container) (string, string, string) { containerName := dockerName.ContainerName + "." + strconv.FormatUint(kubecontainer.HashContainerLegacy(container), 16) stableName := fmt.Sprintf("%s_%s_%s_%s", containerNamePrefix, containerName, dockerName.PodFullName, dockerName.PodUID) UID := fmt.Sprintf("%08x", rand.Uint32()) return stableName, fmt.Sprintf("%s_%s", stableName, UID), UID } // Unpacks a container name, returning the pod full name and container name we would have used to // construct the docker name. If we are unable to parse the name, an error is returned. func ParseDockerName(name string) (dockerName *KubeletContainerName, hash uint64, err error) { // For some reason docker appears to be appending '/' to names. // If it's there, strip it. name = strings.TrimPrefix(name, "/") parts := strings.Split(name, "_") if len(parts) == 0 || parts[0] != containerNamePrefix { err = fmt.Errorf("failed to parse Docker container name %q into parts", name) return nil, 0, err } if len(parts) < 6 { // We have at least 5 fields. We may have more in the future. // Anything with less fields than this is not something we can // manage. glog.Warningf("found a container with the %q prefix, but too few fields (%d): %q", containerNamePrefix, len(parts), name) err = fmt.Errorf("Docker container name %q has less parts than expected %v", name, parts) return nil, 0, err } nameParts := strings.Split(parts[1], ".") containerName := nameParts[0] if len(nameParts) > 1 { hash, err = strconv.ParseUint(nameParts[1], 16, 32) if err != nil { glog.Warningf("invalid container hash %q in container %q", nameParts[1], name) } } podFullName := parts[2] + "_" + parts[3] podUID := types.UID(parts[4]) return &KubeletContainerName{podFullName, podUID, containerName}, hash, nil }
我们可以看到容器名称中包含如下几个字段,中间用下划线隔开,至少有6个字段,未来可能添加更多字段。
下面的是四个基本字段。
containerNamePrefix_containerName_PodFullName_PodUID
所有kubernetes启动的容器的containerNamePrefix都是k8s。
Kubernetes启动的 docker 容器的容器名称规范,下面以官方示例guestbook为例,Deployment 名为 frontend中启动的名为php-redis的docker容器的副本书为3。
Deployment frontend的配置如下:
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1 kind: Deployment metadata: name: frontend spec: template: metadata: labels: app: guestbook tier: frontend spec: containers: - name: php-redis image: bj-xg-oam-docker-hub-001.tendcloud.com/library/gb-frontend:v4 resources: requests: cpu: 100m memory: 100Mi env: - name: GET_HOSTS_FROM value: dns ports: - containerPort: 80
我们选取三个实例中的一个运行php-redis的docker容器。
k8s_php-redis_frontend-2337258262-154p7_default_d8a2e2dd-3617-11e7-a4b0-ecf4bbe5d414_0
- containerNamePrefix:k8s
- containerName:php-redis
- podFullName:frontend-2337258262-154p7
- computeHash:154p7
- deploymentName:frontend
- replicaSetName:frontend-2337258262
- namespace:default
- podUID:d8a2e2dd-3617-11e7-a4b0-ecf4bbe5d414
kubernetes容器命名规则解析,见下图所示。
最后一个标识位0的含义暂时还不了解。
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