内容简介：kubernetes 官方提供了非常好的交互学习平台删除 services 只会删除转发，其对应的 pod 还在运行，还可以用 kubectl exec 进行交互
kubernetes 官方提供了非常好的交互学习平台 https://kubernetes.io/docs/tutorials/ ，这篇文章是当作一个命令参考，毕竟这些命令不常用，容易忘。
基本概念
- Cluster 集群，一个集群里有一个 Master 和数个 Node
- Node 通常拿一台物理机座位图一个 Node，也可以用虚拟机
- Pod 是一个 docker 实例，一个 Node 里有一个或多个 Pod
- Deployment 一个发布，可以包含一个或多个 Pod
- Service deployment 暴露出来的服务，内置了负载分发
创建集群
minikube start # 创建集群 $ kubectl get nodes # 查看所有 nodes NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION minikube Ready <none> 19s v1.10.0
发布应用
$ kubectl run kubernetes-bootcamp --image=gcr.io/google-samples/kubernetes-bootcamp:v1 --port=8080 # 启动一个应用 deployment.apps/kubernetes-bootcamp created $ kubectl get deployments # 查看所有应用 NAME DESIRED CURRENT UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE kubernetes-bootcamp 1 1 1 1 50s $ kubectl proxy # 转发本地端口到 pod 的端口
查看应用
$ kubectl get pods # 查看所有 pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
kubernetes-bootcamp-5c69669756-85r9w 0/1 Pending 0 1s
$ kubectl describe pods # 查看 pods 详情
Name: kubernetes-bootcamp-5c69669756-85r9w
Namespace: default
Node: minikube/172.17.0.11
Start Time: Wed, 05 Dec 2018 05:55:14 +0000
Labels: pod-template-hash=1725225312
run=kubernetes-bootcamp
Annotations: <none>
Status: Running
IP: 172.18.0.4
Controlled By: ReplicaSet/kubernetes-bootcamp-5c69669756
Containers:
kubernetes-bootcamp:
Container ID: docker://a7a117005de01756ff3eb0800b91ef089810db413961c86d14fdf9cd8c451754
Image: gcr.io/google-samples/kubernetes-bootcamp:v1
Image ID: docker-pullable://gcr.io/google-samples/kubernetes-bootcamp@sha256:0d6b8ee63bb57c5f5b6156f446b3bc3b3c143d233037f3a2f00e279c8fcc64af
Port: 8080/TCP
Host Port: 0/TCP
State: Running
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$ kubectl logs kubernetes-bootcamp-5c69669756-85r9w # pod 的访问日志
$ kubectl exec kubernetes-bootcamp-5c69669756-85r9w env # 在 pod 里执行 shell（查看环境变量）
$ kubectl exec -ti kubernetes-bootcamp-5c69669756-85r9w bash # 登录到 pod 里
暴露应用
创建服务
$ kubectl expose deployment/kubernetes-bootcamp --type="NodePort" --port 8080 # 暴露服务 $ kubectl get services NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 5m kubernetes-bootcamp NodePort 10.102.235.226 <none> 8080:32115/TCP 4m $ kubectl describe services/kubernetes-bootcamp # 查看服务详情 Name: kubernetes-bootcamp Namespace: default Labels: run=kubernetes-bootcamp Annotations: <none> Selector: run=kubernetes-bootcamp Type: NodePort IP: 10.102.235.226 Port: <unset> 8080/TCP TargetPort: 8080/TCP NodePort: <unset> 32115/TCP Endpoints: 172.18.0.4:8080 Session Affinity: None External Traffic Policy: Cluster Events: <none> $curl 172.17.0.49:32115 # 服务已经暴露在32115端口 Hello Kubernetes bootcamp! | Running on: kubernetes-bootcamp-5c69669756-hh4k7 | v=1
使用 label
$ kubectl describe deployment # 查看服务发布
Name: kubernetes-bootcamp
Namespace: default
CreationTimestamp: Wed, 05 Dec 2018 06:07:06 +0000
Labels: run=kubernetes-bootcamp
Annotations: deployment.kubernetes.io/revision=1
Selector: run=kubernetes-bootcamp
Replicas: 1 desired | 1 updated | 1 total | 1 available | 0 unavailable
StrategyType: RollingUpdate
MinReadySeconds: 0
RollingUpdateStrategy: 25% max unavailable, 25% max surge
Pod Template:
Labels: run=kubernetes-bootcamp
Containers:
kubernetes-bootcamp:
Image: gcr.io/google-samples/kubernetes-bootcamp:v1
Port: 8080/TCP
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$ kubectl get pods -l run=kubernetes-bootcamp # 只列出某个 label 的 pods
$ kubectl get services -l run=kubernetes-bootcamp # 只列出某个 label 的 services
$ kubectl label pod $POD_NAME app=v1 # 给 deployment 改 label
删除 services
$ kubectl delete service -l run=kubernetes-bootcamp # 删除 services
删除 services 只会删除转发，其对应的 pod 还在运行，还可以用 kubectl exec 进行交互
扩展应用
扩展发布
$ kubectl scale deployments/kubernetes-bootcamp --replicas=4 # 把 deployment 扩展为4个实例 $ kubectl get deployments NAME DESIRED CURRENT UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE kubernetes-bootcamp 4 4 4 4 3m $ kubectl get pods -o wide NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE kubernetes-bootcamp-5c69669756-4lzwf 1/1 Running 0 2m 172.18.0.7 minikube kubernetes-bootcamp-5c69669756-hbrb8 1/1 Running 0 3m 172.18.0.3 minikube kubernetes-bootcamp-5c69669756-rr92t 1/1 Running 0 2m 172.18.0.6 minikube kubernetes-bootcamp-5c69669756-z4ld6 1/1 Running 0 2m 172.18.0.5 minikube
缩减发布
$ kubectl scale deployments/kubernetes-bootcamp --replicas=2 # 把 deployment 缩减为2个实例
更新应用
替换镜像
$ kubectl set image deployments/kubernetes-bootcamp kubernetes-bootcamp=jocatalin/kubernetes-bootcamp:v2 # 换镜像
$ kubectl rollout status deployments/kubernetes-bootcamp # 查看新镜像配置状态
deployment "kubernetes-bootcamp" successfully rolled out
$ kubectl describe pods
Name: kubernetes-bootcamp-7799cbcb86-prj8w
Namespace: default
Node: minikube/172.17.0.81
Start Time: Wed, 05 Dec 2018 06:33:29 +0000
Labels: pod-template-hash=3355767642
run=kubernetes-bootcamp
Annotations: <none>
Status: Running
IP: 172.18.0.9
Controlled By: ReplicaSet/kubernetes-bootcamp-7799cbcb86
Containers:
kubernetes-bootcamp:
Container ID: docker://76d31785dc318d21ba1c822c64f24c7f58701dfe761d2c1cb8df03002d568732
Image: jocatalin/kubernetes-bootcamp:v2 # 镜像已经替换
Image ID: docker-pullable://jocatalin/kubernetes-bootcamp@sha256:fb1a3ced00cecfc1f83f18ab5cd14199e30adc1b49aa4244f5d65ad3f5feb2a5
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以上所述就是小编给大家介绍的《kubernetes基本操作》，希望对大家有所帮助，如果大家有任何疑问请给我留言，小编会及时回复大家的。在此也非常感谢大家对 码农网 的支持！
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