Cocoapods 和 Carthage 使用笔记

CoaoaPods 是一套整体解决方案，我们在 Podfile 中指定好我们需要的第三方库。然后 CocoaPods 就会进行下载，集成，然后修改或者创建我们项目的 workspace 文件，这一系列整体操作。

相比之下， Carthage 就要轻量很多，它也会一个叫做 Cartfile 描述文件，但 Carthage 不会对我们的项目结构进行任何修改，更不多创建 workspace 。它只是根据我们描述文件中配置的第三方库，将他们下载到本地，然后使用 xcodebuild 构建成 framework 文件。然后由我们自己将这些库集成到项目中。 Carthage 使用的是一种 非侵入性 的哲学。

另外 Carthage 除了非侵入性，它还是去中心化的，它的包管理不像 CocoaPods 那样，有一个中心服务器(cocoapods.org)，来管理各个包的元信息，而是依赖于每个第三方库自己的源地址，比如 Github。

Cocoapods

安装

1. （可选）使用

   taobao ruby-china 源替换默认 gem 源: gem source blabla..

   $ gem sources -l
   *** CURRENT SOURCES ***
   
   https://rubygems.org/
   
   $ gem sources --remove https://rubygems.org/
   https://ruby.taobao.org/ removed from sources
   
   $ gem source -a https://gems.ruby-china.com/
   https://gems.ruby-china.com/ added to sources
   
   $ gem source -c
   *** Removed specs cache ***
   
   $ gem source -u
   source cache successfully updated
   
   $ gem sources -l
   *** CURRENT SOURCES ***
   
   https://gems.ruby-china.com/
   

2. sudo gem install cocoapods

3. （可选）切换 pod 源

   $ pod repo
   
   master
   - Type: git (master)
   - URL:  https://github.com/CocoaPods/Specs.git
   - Path: /Users/qiwihui/.cocoapods/repos/master
   
   $ pod repo remove master
   
   $ pod repo add master https://git.coding.net/CocoaPods/Specs.git
   
   $ pod repo update
   
   $ pod setup
   

或者

$ git clone https://git.coding.net/CocoaPods/Specs.git ~/.cocoapods/repos/master
$ pod repo update

$ pod repo remove master

$ pod repo add master https://github.com/CocoaPods/Specs.git

$ pod repo update
Updating spec repo `master`
  $ /usr/local/bin/git -C /Users/qiwihui/.cocoapods/repos/master fetch origin --progress
  remote: Enumerating objects: 511, done.        
  remote: Counting objects: 100% (511/511), done.        
  remote: Compressing objects: 100% (134/134), done.        
  remote: Total 820 (delta 399), reused 449 (delta 367), pack-reused 309        
  Receiving objects: 100% (820/820), 99.24 KiB | 401.00 KiB/s, done.
  Resolving deltas: 100% (501/501), completed with 194 local objects.
  From https://github.com/CocoaPods/Specs
     5b04790953c..e3ba7ee3a29  master     -> origin/master
  $ /usr/local/bin/git -C /Users/qiwihui/.cocoapods/repos/master rev-parse --abbrev-ref HEAD
  master
  $ /usr/local/bin/git -C /Users/qiwihui/.cocoapods/repos/master reset --hard origin/master
  HEAD is now at e3ba7ee3a29 [Add] IOS_OC_BASIC 6.3

CocoaPods 1.6.0.beta.2 is available.
To update use: `sudo gem install cocoapods --pre`
[!] This is a test version we'd love you to try.

For more information, see https://blog.cocoapods.org and the CHANGELOG for this version at https://github.com/CocoaPods/CocoaPods/releases/tag/1.6.0.beta.2

4. 如果Podfile文件中有

   source 'https://github.com/CocoaPods/Specs.git'
   

   也需要把它换成repo的源，否则依然是使用GitHub源

基础用法

0. cd <project_folder>
1. pod init

2. 编辑 Podfile, example

   # 平台，必需
   platform :ios, '9.0'
   # 隐藏警告
   inhibit_all_warnings!
   
   target 'AlamofireDemo' do
       # Using Swift and want to use dynamic frameworks
       use_frameworks!
   
       # 项目 Pods
       pod 'Alamofire', '~> 4.5'
   
       target 'AlamofireDemoTests' do
           inherit! :search_paths
           # 测试 Pods
       end
   
   end
   

版本支持：
    - `>`, `>=`, `<`, `<=`
    - `~>`: **up to** next major | minor | patch
    - `:path` 本地绝对路径
    - `:git` git项目地址，还可使用 `:branch`, `:tag`, `:commit`

3. pod install
4. Always 打开项目下 *.xcworkspace 文件作为项目入口

pod install 和 pod update 区别

pod install [package_name]
pod update [package_name]

Carthage

安装

brew install carthage