vmrun命令使用详解

VMWare提供了vmrun与VIX API两种手段使用户可以通过程序对虚拟机进行控制。

在官方文档中给出了详细的说明和示例代码。

vmrun：http://www.vmware.com/pdf/vix162_vmrun_command.pdf

VIX API: http://www.vmware.com/support/developer/vix-api/

vmrun是一种命令行控制的手段，但是可以通过 Shell 脚本实现连续多个操作的自动化。而VIXAPI则是一种程序设计的方案，支持C、 Perl 和VB三种语言。从功能上来说，VIXAPI提供虚拟机状态查询函数，有更强的能力。例如：控制一个虚拟机恢复到某个镜像，然后登录到GuestOS中，运行其中的某个可执行文件在这3个动作中，恢复到指定镜像是异步操作，如果使用VIXAPI实现，可以查询恢复操作是否完成，恢复完成之后再尝试登录到GuestOS;而要通过vmrun实现则比较困难，因为vmrun不具有查询虚拟机状态的能力，所以只能sleep足够长的时间之后再去执行登录操作。

但vmrun也不是完全没有优势。分别用vmrun和VIX API实现每隔一段时间就将虚拟机恢复到指定虚拟机镜像的功能，当双方都只需要操作一台虚拟机的时候，都能做到长期稳定工作；当它们需要面对10台甚至更多

的虚拟机的时候，VIX API很快就会出故障(1)，而vmrun仍然能够稳定地工作。

(1)通常遇到的故障是：虚拟机提示缺少某个.vmdk文件。原因是VMWare虚拟机启动时会创建临时的.vmdk文件，并通过修改.vmx中的硬盘路径，使当前的硬盘为临时的.vmdk。当VIXAPI面对大量虚拟机时，常常会与需要操作的虚拟机失去连接，此时.vmx文件中的硬盘路径被修改，但是临时.vmdk文件被删除，于是虚拟机报错。要修复这个故障，只需要把.vmx文件中的硬盘 路径改为实际存在的某个.vmdk文件即可

1、简介

VMWare提供了vmrun与VIX API两种手段使用户可以通过程序对虚拟机进行控制。vmrun是一种命令行控制的手段，但是可以通过Shell脚本实现连续多个操作的自动化。

2、语法

Usage: vmrun COMMAND [PARAMETERS]

Authentication flags

-gu

-gp

POWER COMMANDS          PARAMETERS          DESCRIPTION

start                    Path to vmx file    Start a VM or Team

or vmtm file

[gui|nogui]

stop                    Path to vmx file    Stop a VM or Team

or vmtm file

[hard|soft]

reset                    Path to vmx file    Reset a VM or Team

or vmtm file

[hard|soft]

suspend                  Path to vmx file    Suspend a VM or Team

or vmtm file

[hard|soft]

SNAPSHOT COMMANDS        PARAMETERS          DESCRIPTION

listSnapshots            Path to vmx file    List all snapshots in a VM

snapshot                Path to vmx file    Create a snapshot of a VM

Snapshot name

deleteSnapshot          Path to vmx file    Remove a snapshot from a VM

Snapshot name

revertToSnapshot        Path to vmx file    Set VM state to a snapshot

Snapshot name

GUEST OS COMMANDS        PARAMETERS          DESCRIPTION

runProgramInGuest        Path to vmx file    Run a program in Guest OS

Program

[Program arguments]

fileExistsInGuest        Path to vmx file    Check if a file exists in Guest OS

Path to file in guest

setSharedFolderState    Path to vmx file    Modify a Host-Guest shared folder

Share name

New host path

addSharedFolder          Path to vmx file    Add a Host-Guest shared folder

Share name

Host path

removeSharedFolder      Path to vmx file    Remove a Host-Guest shared folder

Share name

listProcessesInGuest    Path to vmx file    List running processes in Guest OS

killProcessInGuest      Path to vmx file    Kill a process in Guest OS

process id

runScriptInGuest        Path to vmx file    Run a script in Guest OS

Interpreter path

script_text

deleteFileInGuest        Path to vmx file    Delete a file in Guest OS

File

createDirectoryInGuest  Path to vmx file    Create a directory in Guest OS

Directory path

deleteDirectoryInGuest  Path to vmx file    Delete a directory in Guest OS

Directory path

listDirectoryInGuest    Path to vmx file    List a directory in Guest OS

Directory path

copyFileFromHostToGuest  Path to vmx file    Copy a file from host OS to guest OS

Path on host

Path in guest

copyFileFromGuestToHost  Path to vmx file    Copy a file from guest OS to host OS

Path in guest

Path on host

renameFileInGuest        Path to vmx file    Rename a file in Guest OS

Original name

New name

GENERAL COMMANDS        PARAMETERS          DESCRIPTION

list                                          List all running VMs

upgradevm                Path to vmx file    Upgrade VM file format, virtual hw

installtools            Path to vmx file    Install Tools in Guest OS

3、示例

1）开启虚拟机

vmrun start "/opt/VM_OS/RH_OS_B/Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 64-bit.vmx" nogui|gui

2）停止虚拟机

vmrun stop "/opt/VM_OS/RH_OS_B/Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 64-bit.vmx" nogui|gui

3）重启虚拟机

vmrun restart "/opt/VM_OS/RH_OS_B/Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 64-bit.vmx" nogui|gui

4）列出正在运行的虚拟机

vmrun list

下面整理了一发命令：

vmrun -T ws start "/vmware/lvs1/lvs.vmx" nogui #无图形界面启动虚拟机（-T是区分宿主机的类型，ws|server|server1|fusion|esx|vc|player，常用的是ws|esx|player）

vmrun start "/vmware/lvs1/lvs.vmx" gui #带图形界面启动虚拟机

vmrun stop "/vmware/lvs1/lvs.vmx" #可跟参数hard强制关闭虚拟机(相当于直接关电源)|soft正常关闭虚拟机

vmrun reset "/vmware/lvs1/lvs.vmx" #可跟参数hard冷重启虚拟机|soft热重启虚拟机

vmrun suspend  "/vmware/lvs1/lvs.vmx" #可分参数hard|soft挂起虚拟机

vmrun pause  "/vmware/lvs1/lvs.vmx" #暂停虚拟机

vmrun unpause  "/vmware/lvs1/lvs.vmx" #停止暂停虚拟机

vmrun list #列出正在运行的虚拟机

vmrun -T ws snapshot "/vmware/lvs1/lvs.vmx" snapshotName #创建一个快照

vmrun -T ws reverToSnapshot "/vmware/lvs1/lvs.vmx" snapshotName #从一个快照中恢复虚拟机

vmrun -T ws listSnapshots "/vmware/lvs1/lvs.vmx" #列出快照

vmrun -T ws deleteSnapshot "/vmware/lvs1/lvs.vmx" snapshotName #删除一个快照

vmrun命令帮助

EPP:/vmware # vmrun

vmrun version 1.15.0 build-2985596

Usage: vmrun [AUTHENTICATION-FLAGS] COMMAND [PARAMETERS]

AUTHENTICATION-FLAGS

--------------------

These must appear before the command and any command parameters.

-h   (not needed for Workstation)

-P   (not needed for Workstation)

-T (ws|server|server1|fusion|esx|vc|player)

for example, use '-T server' for Server 2.0

use '-T server1' for Server 1.0

use '-T ws' for VMware Workstation

use '-T ws-shared' for VMware Workstation (shared mode)

use '-T esx' for VMware ESX

use '-T vc' for VMware vCenter Server

-u   (not needed for Workstation)

-p   (not needed for Workstation)

-vp

-gu

-gp

POWER COMMANDS          PARAMETERS          DESCRIPTION

--------------          ----------          -----------

start                    Path to vmx file    Start a VM or Team

[gui|nogui]

stop                    Path to vmx file    Stop a VM or Team

[hard|soft]

reset                    Path to vmx file    Reset a VM or Team

[hard|soft]

suspend                  Path to vmx file    Suspend a VM or Team

[hard|soft]

pause                    Path to vmx file    Pause a VM

unpause                  Path to vmx file    Unpause a VM

SNAPSHOT COMMANDS        PARAMETERS          DESCRIPTION

-----------------        ----------          -----------

listSnapshots            Path to vmx file    List all snapshots in a VM

[showTree]

snapshot                Path to vmx file    Create a snapshot of a VM

Snapshot name

deleteSnapshot          Path to vmx file    Remove a snapshot from a VM

Snapshot name

[andDeleteChildren]

revertToSnapshot        Path to vmx file    Set VM state to a snapshot

Snapshot name

GUEST OS COMMANDS        PARAMETERS          DESCRIPTION

-----------------        ----------          -----------

runProgramInGuest        Path to vmx file    Run a program in Guest OS

[-noWait]

[-activeWindow]

[-interactive]

Complete-Path-To-Program

[Program arguments]

fileExistsInGuest        Path to vmx file    Check if a file exists in Guest OS

Path to file in guest

directoryExistsInGuest  Path to vmx file    Check if a directory exists in Guest OS

Path to directory in guest

setSharedFolderState    Path to vmx file    Modify a Host-Guest shared folder

Share name

Host path

writable | readonly

addSharedFolder          Path to vmx file    Add a Host-Guest shared folder

Share name

New host path

removeSharedFolder      Path to vmx file    Remove a Host-Guest shared folder

Share name

enableSharedFolders      Path to vmx file    Enable shared folders in Guest

[runtime]

disableSharedFolders    Path to vmx file    Disable shared folders in Guest

[runtime]

listProcessesInGuest    Path to vmx file    List running processes in Guest OS

killProcessInGuest      Path to vmx file    Kill a process in Guest OS

process id

runScriptInGuest        Path to vmx file    Run a script in Guest OS

[-noWait]

[-activeWindow]

[-interactive]

Interpreter path

Script text

deleteFileInGuest        Path to vmx file    Delete a file in Guest OS

Path in guest           

createDirectoryInGuest  Path to vmx file    Create a directory in Guest OS

Directory path in guest 

deleteDirectoryInGuest  Path to vmx file    Delete a directory in Guest OS

Directory path in guest 

CreateTempfileInGuest    Path to vmx file    Create a temporary file in Guest OS

listDirectoryInGuest    Path to vmx file    List a directory in Guest OS

Directory path in guest

CopyFileFromHostToGuest  Path to vmx file    Copy a file from host OS to guest OS

Path on host            Path in guest

CopyFileFromGuestToHost  Path to vmx file    Copy a file from guest OS to host OS

Path in guest            Path on host

renameFileInGuest        Path to vmx file    Rename a file in Guest OS

Original name

New name

captureScreen            Path to vmx file    Capture the screen of the VM to a local file

Path on host           

writeVariable            Path to vmx file    Write a variable in the VM state

[runtimeConfig|guestEnv|guestVar]

variable name

variable value

readVariable            Path to vmx file    Read a variable in the VM state

[runtimeConfig|guestEnv|guestVar]

variable name

getGuestIPAddress        Path to vmx file    Gets the IP address of the guest

[-wait]

GENERAL COMMANDS        PARAMETERS          DESCRIPTION

----------------        ----------          -----------

list                                          List all running VMs

upgradevm                Path to vmx file    Upgrade VM file format, virtual hw

installTools            Path to vmx file    Install Tools in Guest

checkToolsState          Path to vmx file    Check the current Tools state

register                Path to vmx file    Register a VM

unregister              Path to vmx file    Unregister a VM

listRegisteredVM                              List registered VMs

deleteVM                Path to vmx file    Delete a VM

clone                    Path to vmx file    Create a copy of the VM

Path to destination vmx file

full|linked

[-snapshot=Snapshot Name]

[-cloneName=Name]

Examples:

Starting a virtual machine with Workstation on a Windows host

vmrun -T ws start "c:\my VMs\myVM.vmx"

Stopping a virtual machine on an ESX host

vmrun -T esx -h https://myHost.com/sdk -u hostUser -p hostPassword stop "[storage1] vm/myVM.vmx"

Running a program in a virtual machine with Workstation on a Windows host with Windows guest

vmrun -T ws -gu guestUser -gp guestPassword runProgramInGuest "c:\my VMs\myVM.vmx" "c:\Program Files\myProgram.exe"

Running a program in a virtual machine with Server on a Linux host with Linux guest

vmrun -T server -h https://myHost.com:8333/sdk -u hostUser -p hostPassword -gu guestUser -gp guestPassword runProgramInGuest "[standard] vm/myVM.vmx" /usr/bin/X11/xclock -display :0

Creating a snapshot of a virtual machine with Workstation on a Windows host

vmrun -T ws snapshot "c:\my VMs\myVM.vmx" mySnapshot

Reverting to a snapshot with Workstation on a Windows host

vmrun -T ws revertToSnapshot "c:\my VMs\myVM.vmx" mySnapshot

Deleting a snapshot with Workstation on a Windows host

vmrun -T ws deleteSnapshot "c:\my VMs\myVM.vmx" mySnapshot

Enabling Shared Folders with Workstation on a Windows host

vmrun -T ws enableSharedFolders "c:\my VMs\myVM.vmx"

EPP:/vmware #

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