一 基础环境
1.1 IP规划
OS:CentOS 6.8 64位
节点类型 |
IP规划 |
主机名 |
类型 |
主 Director Server |
eth0:172.24.8.10 |
DR1 |
公共IP |
eth1:192.168.56.100 |
心跳 |
私有IP |
|
eth0:0:172.24.8.100 |
无 |
虚拟IP |
|
主 Director Server |
eth0:172.24.8.11 |
DR2 |
公共IP |
eth1:192.168.56.101 |
心跳 |
私有IP |
|
Real Server 1 |
eth0:172.24.8.12 |
rs1 |
公共IP |
lo:0:172.24.8.100 |
无 |
虚拟IP |
|
Real Server 1 |
eth0:172.24.8.13 |
rs2 |
公共IP |
lo:0:172.24.8.100 |
无 |
虚拟IP |
1.2 架构规划
二 高可用LVS负载均衡集群部署
2.1 NTP部署
操作略,具体可参考N01.1.1-常见服务《NTP》。
注意:为了保证集群的稳定性,强烈建议在所有节点均部署NTP同步服务,保证所有时钟一致。
2.2 部署httpd集群
[root@RServer01 ~]# yum -y install httpd
[root@RServer01 ~]# service iptables stop
[root@RServer01 ~]# chkconfig iptables off
[root@RServer01 ~]# vi /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled
[root@master ~]# setenforce 0 #关闭SELinux及防火墙
注意:后端所有Real服务器节点都需要安装,用于模拟测试。
建议:为了测试方便,建议所有节点关闭防火墙和SELinux,若未关闭防火墙也可通过下列方式放通:
firewall-cmd --permanent–-add-service=keepalived
firewall-cmd --reload
2.3 安装Keepalived
[root@lvsmaster ~]# yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ make kernel-devel kernel-tools kernel-tools-libs kernel libnl libnl-devel libnfnetlink-devel openssl-devel wget openssh-clients #安装基础环境及依赖
[root@lvsmaster ~]# ln -s /usr/src/kernels/`uname -r` /usr/src/linux
[root@lvsmaster ~]# wget http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.3.6.tar.gz
[root@lvsmaster ~]# tar -zxvf keepalived-1.3.6.tar.gz #编译安装Keepalived
[root@lvsmaster ~]# cd keepalived-1.3.6/
[root@lvsmaster keepalived-1.3.6]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived
[root@Master keepalived-1.3.9]# make && make install
注意:CentOS6.8安装高于1.3.6版本会出现未知错误。
2.4 添加启动相关服务
[root@lvsmaster ~]# mkdir /etc/keepalived
[root@lvsmaster ~]# cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/
[root@lvsmaster ~]# cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/
[root@lvsmaster ~]# cp /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/
[root@lvsmaster ~]# vi /etc/init.d/keepalived #创建Keepalived启动脚本,如附件
#!/bin/sh
#
# keepalived High Availability monitor built upon LVS and VRRP
#
# chkconfig: - 86 14
# description: Robust keepalive facility to the Linux Virtual Server project \
# with multilayer TCP/IP stack checks.
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: keepalived
# Required-Start: $local_fs $network $named $syslog
# Required-Stop: $local_fs $network $named $syslog
# Should-Start: smtpdaemon httpd
# Should-Stop: smtpdaemon httpd
# Default-Start:
# Default-Stop: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
# Short-Description: High Availability monitor built upon LVS and VRRP
# Description: Robust keepalive facility to the Linux Virtual Server
# project with multilayer TCP/IP stack checks.
### END INIT INFO
# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
exec="/usr/sbin/keepalived"
prog="keepalived"
config="/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf"
[ -e /etc/sysconfig/$prog ] && . /etc/sysconfig/$prog
lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/keepalived
start() {
[ -x $exec ] || exit 5
[ -e $config ] || exit 6
echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
daemon $exec $KEEPALIVED_OPTIONS
retval=$?
echo
[ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile
return $retval
}
stop() {
echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
killproc $prog
retval=$?
echo
[ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile
return $retval
}
restart() {
stop
start
}
reload() {
echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
killproc $prog -1
retval=$?
echo
return $retval
}
force_reload() {
restart
}
rh_status() {
status $prog
}
rh_status_q() {
rh_status &>/dev/null
}
case "$1" in
start)
rh_status_q && exit 0
$1
;;
stop)
rh_status_q || exit 0
$1
;;
restart)
$1
;;
reload)
rh_status_q || exit 7
$1
;;
force-reload)
force_reload
;;
status)
rh_status
;;
condrestart|try-restart)
rh_status_q || exit 0
restart
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload}"
exit 2
esac
exit $
[root@lvsmaster ~]# chmod u+x /etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived
[root@lvsmaster ~]# vi /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived
……
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id LVS_Master #表示运行Keepalived服务器的一个标识
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER #指定Keepalived的角色
interface eth0 #指定HA监测网络的接口
virtual_router_id 51 #同一个vrrp实例使用唯一的标识,即同一个vrrp_instance下,Master和Backup必须是一致的
priority 100 #定义优先级,数值越大,优先级越高
advert_int 1 #设定Mater和Backup负载均衡器之间同步检查时间间隔
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
172.24.8.100 #设置虚拟IP地址
}
}
virtual_server 172.24.8.100 80 {
delay_loop 6 #运行情况检查时间
lb_algo rr #设置负载均衡算法
lb_kind DR #设置LVS实现负载均衡的机制,有NAT/DR/TUN
persistence_timeout 50 #会话保持时间
protocol TCP #指定转发类型
real_server 172.24.8.12 80 {
weight 1 #服务节点的权值,数值越大,权值越高
TCP_CHECK {
connect_timeout 5 #表示无响应超时时间,单位是秒
nb_get_retry 3 #表示重试次数
delay_before_retry 3 #表示重试间隔
}
}
real_server 172.24.8.13 80 {
weight 1
TCP_CHECK {
connect_timeout 5
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
}
[root@lvsmaster ~]# scp /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf 172.24.8.11:/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
[root@lvsbackup ~]# vi /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
state BACKUP
priority 80
注意;备用Director Server上需要修改状态为BACKUP和priority优先级。
2.5 安装IPVS管理工具
1 [root@lvsmaster ~]# yum -y install ipvsadm
2.6 配置Real Server节点
在LVS的DR和TUN模式下,用户访问请求到大Real Server后,Real Server的响应报文直接返回给用户,而不需经过Director Server。因此,需要在每个Real Server上配置虚拟VIP地址。
注意:回环接口绑定vip,且禁止arp请求等操作,可通过以下脚本实现:脚本可留言索要。
1 [root@RServer01 ~]# vi /etc/init.d/lvsrs 2 [root@RServer01 ~]# chmod u+x /etc/init.d/lvsrs
2.7 启动集群
[root@RServer01 ~]# service httpd start
[root@RServer01 ~]# chkconfig httpd on
[root@RServer02 ~]# service httpd start
[root@RServer02 ~]# chkconfig httpd on
[root@lvsmaster ~]# service keepalived start
[root@lvsmaster ~]# chkconfig keepalived on
[root@lvsbackup ~]# service keepalived start
[root@lvsbackup ~]# chkconfig keepalived on
[root@RServer01 ~]# service lvsrs start
[root@RServer02 ~]# service lvsrs start
三 测试集群
3.1 高可用功能测试
停止主Director Server服务器的Keepalived,观察/var/log/messages日志,可知备机会立刻变为MASTER,并且接管主机的虚拟ip资源。重启主Director Server服务器的Keepalived,备机会重新恢复为BACKUP角色。
具体测试略。
3.2 负载均衡测试
1 [root@RServer01 ~]# echo 'This is Real Server01!' >>/var/www/html/index.html 2 [root@RServer01 ~]# echo 'This is Real Server02!' >>/var/www/html/index.html
然后浏览器访问:http://172.24.8.100,并不断的刷新,能分别看到Server01和Server02即可。
3.3 故障切换测试
1 [root@RServer01 ~]# service httpd stop
当关掉其中一个Real Server时,访问VIP,只会显示还处于集群中的web节点。
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