树莓派折腾实现跳板机

有个小需求，我希望能够随时随地开启家里的台式机，台式机安装了 centos7 跑了很多 kvm 实例，但是我只希望用的着的时候去开机，没事就关闭，省电（电费贵），家里的路由器是二级路由，不能用 nat 地址转发，也不能用ddns，路由器上我尝试使用 frp，但是没成功，从 github 上看应该是路由器的内核太老了。直接报错，不太好折腾。我还要上网。又不希望电脑一直开着，那样太费电。台式机功耗大。手上有个闲置的树莓派，我就拿来折腾了，上一篇写了怎么安装 Ubuntuserver，后来发现 Ubuntu 的 WiFi 我也折腾了没成功，还是换了官网的迷你版镜像，不带图形界面的，我不需图行界面，只要它安安静静的躺着工作就行。

写入镜像

[root@vm-50-156 opt]# dd bs=4M if=2017-04-10-raspbian-jessie-lite.img of=/dev/sdc
309+1 records in
309+1 records out
1297862656 bytes (1.3 GB) copied, 89.8965 s, 14.4 MB/s

##连接网络

搜索网络

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo iwlist wlan0 scan
wlan0     Scan completed :
          Cell 01 - Address: E4:F3:F5:87:D7:C6
                    Channel:1
                    Frequency:2.412 GHz (Channel 1)
                    Quality=26/70  Signal level=-84 dBm
                    Encryption key:on
                    ESSID:"SuperJBT"
                    Bit Rates:1 Mb/s; 2 Mb/s; 5.5 Mb/s; 11 Mb/s; 9 Mb/s
                              18 Mb/s; 36 Mb/s; 54 Mb/s
                    Bit Rates:6 Mb/s; 12 Mb/s; 24 Mb/s; 48 Mb/s
                    Mode:Master
                    Extra:tsf=0000000000000000
                    Extra: Last beacon: 90ms ago
                    IE: Unknown: 000853757065724A4254
                    IE: Unknown: 010882848B961224486C
                    IE: Unknown: 030101
                    IE: Unknown: 2A0104
                    IE: Unknown: 32040C183060
                    IE: Unknown: 2D1AEE1117FFFF000001000000000000000000000000000000000000
                    IE: Unknown: 3D1601050000000000000000000000000000000000000000
                    IE: WPA Version 1
                        Group Cipher : CCMP
                        Pairwise Ciphers (1) : CCMP
                        Authentication Suites (1) : PSK
                    IE: IEEE 802.11i/WPA2 Version 1
                        Group Cipher : CCMP
                        Pairwise Ciphers (1) : CCMP
                        Authentication Suites (1) : PSK
                    IE: Unknown: 7F080000000000000000
                    IE: Unknown: 0B05000000127A
                    IE: Unknown: DD180050F2020101000003A4000027A4000042435E0062322F00
                    IE: Unknown: 4A0E14000A002C01C800140005001900
                    IE: Unknown: 0706434E20010D10
                    IE: Unknown: DD07000C4303000000
          Cell 02 - Address: 38:D5:47:2D:30:00
                    ……

不过这个 工具 不太好用，可以使用一下命令

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo wpa_cli
wpa_cli v2.3
Copyright (c) 2004-2014, Jouni Malinen <j@w1.fi> and contributors

This software may be distributed under the terms of the BSD license.
See README for more details.


Selected interface 'wlan0'

Interactive mode

> scan
OK
<3>CTRL-EVENT-SCAN-STARTED
<3>CTRL-EVENT-SCAN-RESULTS
> scan_results
bssid / frequency / signal level / flags / ssid
38:d5:47:2d:30:00    2442    -49    [WPA2-PSK-CCMP][ESS]    wifi
38:d5:47:2d:30:01    2442    -55    [WPA2-PSK-CCMP][ESS]    UPYUN
88:25:93:c7:a9:23    2472    -72    [WPA2-PSK-CCMP][ESS]
ec:26:ca:0e:49:70    2462    -81    [WPA-PSK-CCMP][WPA2-PSK-CCMP][ESS]    chuanshi
8c:f2:28:58:b0:ea    2472    -84    [WPA-PSK-CCMP][WPA2-PSK-CCMP][ESS]    MERCURY_B0EA
24:69:68:95:70:44    2412    -86    [WPA-PSK-CCMP][WPA2-PSK-CCMP][ESS]    TP-LINK_17-3-501
a4:56:02:38:7d:32    2412    -88    [WPA-PSK-CCMP][WPA2-PSK-CCMP][ESS]    Bao
9c:d2:4b:83:f2:40    2412    -89    [WPA-PSK-CCMP][WPS][ESS]    ChinaNet-gsCD
40:16:9f:b0:ec:16    2437    -92    [WPA-PSK-CCMP][WPA2-PSK-CCMP][WPS][ESS]    smile
>

搜索到 WiFi 后进行连接

> add_network
1
> set_network 1 ssid "ssid"
OK
> set_network 1 psk "passwd"
OK
> set_network 1 key_mgmt "WPA-PSK"
FAIL
> enable_network 1
OK
> save_config
OK
> quit

其实，他就是把配置写到了

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo cat /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf

先用有线连接获取到 ip 地址吧，然后在配置 WiFi

sudo vi /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf
ctrl_interface=DIR=/var/run/wpa_supplicant GROUP=netdev
update_config=1
country=GB

network={
    ssid="SSID"
    psk="password" #密码带特殊字符会连不上
    key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
}

好了 尽情折腾吧。

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ ifconfig
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr b8:27:eb:c8:b3:c8
          inet addr:192.168.50.77  Bcast:192.168.50.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::a986:200c:9f34:dbde/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:76 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:59 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:12270 (11.9 KiB)  TX bytes:9811 (9.5 KiB)

lo        Link encap:Local Loopback
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:65536  Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1
          RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)

wlan0     Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr b8:27:eb:9d:e6:9d
          inet addr:192.168.50.86  Bcast:192.168.50.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::a644:42d3:dbd5:df25/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:160 errors:0 dropped:107 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:48 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:28311 (27.6 KiB)  TX bytes:8098 (7.9 KiB)

踩到的坑

默认情况下运行

sudo raspi-config

然后开启 ssh 是可以连接的，但是如果你一来接上图形界面就修改了默认的密码

默认用户是pi 密码为raspberry

就会被坑了，如果你的密码恰好包含了@之类的，就会一直提示你密码错误。

无线密码也不要使用@。也会踩坑

可以通过 以下命令给密码加密

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ wpa_passphrase "ssid" "password"
network={
    ssid="ssid"
    #psk="password"
    psk=44116ea881531996d8a23af58b376d70f196057429c258f529577a26e727ec1b
}

最好的办法就是使用其他终端软件连接，先用默认用户名登陆 然后在改密码。

可以参考官网的：

https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/configuration/wireless/wireless-cli.md

还有: http://rickgray.me/2015/08/03/useful-command-tool-for-wifi-connection.html

连接外网

参考我之前写的 frp https://awen.me/archives/687.html

远程唤醒

由于系统是大便系，所以，需要安装wakeonlan

sudo apt-get install wakeonlan

然后写个脚本赋予可执行权限扔/usr/bin/下就可了

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ cat /usr/bin/wakeonlan-156
#!/bin/bash

wakeonlan 14:dd:a9:ea:0b:96

其实吧，树莓派1g 内存，只用这么功能还是有点浪费，想想折腾点啥好。

另外，我直接不接电源，把 USB 接口插在路由器上，不然感觉自带的电源太吵了。