内容简介:Tag:近期开始看以太坊源码,然后发现了这个神奇的,好用到失眠的命令行应用框架cli,因此推荐给大家。Geth源码地址是
Tag: 以太坊源码
Geth
cli
Go
Golang
command line
source code
近期开始看以太坊源码,然后发现了这个神奇的,好用到失眠的命令行应用框架cli,因此推荐给大家。
Geth源码
Geth源码地址是 https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum.git ,下载编译后,产出的 geth
等位于 build/bin
下
下载
mkdir -p $GOPATH/src/github.com/ethereum/ cd $GOPATH/src/github.com/ethereum/ git clone https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum.git
或者
go get github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum
编译
$ make all $ ls build/bin abigen evm mimegen simulations bootnode examples p2psim swarm clef faucet puppeth swarm-smoke ethkey geth rlpdump wnode
geth
有众多的参数和自命令,属于是比较复杂的大工程。
$ ./build/bin/geth -h NAME: geth - the go-ethereum command line interface Copyright 2013-2018 The go-ethereum Authors USAGE: geth [options] command [command options] [arguments...] VERSION: 1.8.18-unstable-2868acd8 COMMANDS: account Manage accounts attach Start an interactive JavaScript environment (connect to node) bug opens a window to report a bug on the geth repo console Start an interactive JavaScript environment copydb Create a local chain from a target chaindata folder dump Dump a specific block from storage dumpconfig Show configuration values export Export blockchain into file export-preimages Export the preimage database into an RLP stream import Import a blockchain file import-preimages Import the preimage database from an RLP stream init Bootstrap and initialize a new genesis block js Execute the specified JavaScript files license Display license information makecache Generate ethash verification cache (for testing) makedag Generate ethash mining DAG (for testing) monitor Monitor and visualize node metrics removedb Remove blockchain and state databases version Print version numbers wallet Manage Ethereum presale wallets help, h Shows a list of commands or help for one command ETHEREUM OPTIONS: --config value TOML configuration file --datadir "/Users/xingyongtao/Library/Ethereum" Data directory for the databases and keystore --keystore Directory for the keystore (default = inside the datadir) --nousb Disables monitoring for and managing USB hardware wallets --networkid value Network identifier (integer, 1=Frontier, 2=Morden (disused), 3=Ropsten, 4=Rinkeby) (default: 1) --testnet Ropsten network: pre-configured proof-of-work test network --rinkeby Rinkeby network: pre-configured proof-of-authority test network --syncmode "fast" Blockchain sync mode ("fast", "full", or "light") --gcmode value Blockchain garbage collection mode ("full", "archive") (default: "full") --ethstats value Reporting URL of a ethstats service (nodename:secret@host:port) --identity value Custom node name --lightserv value Maximum percentage of time allowed for serving LES requests (0-90) (default: 0) --lightpeers value Maximum number of LES client peers (default: 100) --lightkdf Reduce key-derivation RAM & CPU usage at some expense of KDF strength DEVELOPER CHAIN OPTIONS: --dev Ephemeral proof-of-authority network with a pre-funded developer account, mining enabled --dev.period value Block period to use in developer mode (0 = mine only if transaction pending) (default: 0) ETHASH OPTIONS: --ethash.cachedir Directory to store the ethash verification caches (default = inside the datadir) --ethash.cachesinmem value Number of recent ethash caches to keep in memory (16MB each) (default: 2) --ethash.cachesondisk value Number of recent ethash caches to keep on disk (16MB each) (default: 3) --ethash.dagdir "/Users/xingyongtao/.ethash" Directory to store the ethash mining DAGs (default = inside home folder) --ethash.dagsinmem value Number of recent ethash mining DAGs to keep in memory (1+GB each) (default: 1) --ethash.dagsondisk value Number of recent ethash mining DAGs to keep on disk (1+GB each) (default: 2) TRANSACTION POOL OPTIONS: --txpool.locals value Comma separated accounts to treat as locals (no flush, priority inclusion) --txpool.nolocals Disables price exemptions for locally submitted transactions --txpool.journal value Disk journal for local transaction to survive node restarts (default: "transactions.rlp") --txpool.rejournal value Time interval to regenerate the local transaction journal (default: 1h0m0s) --txpool.pricelimit value Minimum gas price limit to enforce for acceptance into the pool (default: 1) --txpool.pricebump value Price bump percentage to replace an already existing transaction (default: 10) --txpool.accountslots value Minimum number of executable transaction slots guaranteed per account (default: 16) --txpool.globalslots value Maximum number of executable transaction slots for all accounts (default: 4096) --txpool.accountqueue value Maximum number of non-executable transaction slots permitted per account (default: 64) --txpool.globalqueue value Maximum number of non-executable transaction slots for all accounts (default: 1024) --txpool.lifetime value Maximum amount of time non-executable transaction are queued (default: 3h0m0s) PERFORMANCE TUNING OPTIONS: --cache value Megabytes of memory allocated to internal caching (default: 1024) --cache.database value Percentage of cache memory allowance to use for database io (default: 75) --cache.gc value Percentage of cache memory allowance to use for trie pruning (default: 25) --trie-cache-gens value Number of trie node generations to keep in memory (default: 120) ACCOUNT OPTIONS: --unlock value Comma separated list of accounts to unlock --password value Password file to use for non-interactive password input API AND CONSOLE OPTIONS: --rpc Enable the HTTP-RPC server --rpcaddr value HTTP-RPC server listening interface (default: "localhost") --rpcport value HTTP-RPC server listening port (default: 8545) --rpcapi value API's offered over the HTTP-RPC interface --ws Enable the WS-RPC server --wsaddr value WS-RPC server listening interface (default: "localhost") --wsport value WS-RPC server listening port (default: 8546) --wsapi value API's offered over the WS-RPC interface --wsorigins value Origins from which to accept websockets requests --ipcdisable Disable the IPC-RPC server --ipcpath Filename for IPC socket/pipe within the datadir (explicit paths escape it) --rpccorsdomain value Comma separated list of domains from which to accept cross origin requests (browser enforced) --rpcvhosts value Comma separated list of virtual hostnames from which to accept requests (server enforced). Accepts '*' wildcard. (default: "localhost") --jspath loadScript JavaScript root path for loadScript (default: ".") --exec value Execute JavaScript statement --preload value Comma separated list of JavaScript files to preload into the console NETWORKING OPTIONS: --bootnodes value Comma separated enode URLs for P2P discovery bootstrap (set v4+v5 instead for light servers) --bootnodesv4 value Comma separated enode URLs for P2P v4 discovery bootstrap (light server, full nodes) --bootnodesv5 value Comma separated enode URLs for P2P v5 discovery bootstrap (light server, light nodes) --port value Network listening port (default: 30303) --maxpeers value Maximum number of network peers (network disabled if set to 0) (default: 25) --maxpendpeers value Maximum number of pending connection attempts (defaults used if set to 0) (default: 0) --nat value NAT port mapping mechanism (any|none|upnp|pmp|extip:<IP>) (default: "any") --nodiscover Disables the peer discovery mechanism (manual peer addition) --v5disc Enables the experimental RLPx V5 (Topic Discovery) mechanism --netrestrict value Restricts network communication to the given IP networks (CIDR masks) --nodekey value P2P node key file --nodekeyhex value P2P node key as hex (for testing) MINER OPTIONS: --mine Enable mining --miner.threads value Number of CPU threads to use for mining (default: 0) --miner.notify value Comma separated HTTP URL list to notify of new work packages --miner.gasprice "1000000000" Minimum gas price for mining a transaction --miner.gastarget value Target gas floor for mined blocks (default: 8000000) --miner.gaslimit value Target gas ceiling for mined blocks (default: 8000000) --miner.etherbase value Public address for block mining rewards (default = first account) (default: "0") --miner.extradata value Block extra data set by the miner (default = client version) --miner.recommit value Time interval to recreate the block being mined (default: 3s) --miner.noverify Disable remote sealing verification GAS PRICE ORACLE OPTIONS: --gpoblocks value Number of recent blocks to check for gas prices (default: 20) --gpopercentile value Suggested gas price is the given percentile of a set of recent transaction gas prices (default: 60) VIRTUAL MACHINE OPTIONS: --vmdebug Record information useful for VM and contract debugging --vm.evm value External EVM configuration (default = built-in interpreter) --vm.ewasm value External ewasm configuration (default = built-in interpreter) LOGGING AND DEBUGGING OPTIONS: --fakepow Disables proof-of-work verification --nocompaction Disables db compaction after import --verbosity value Logging verbosity: 0=silent, 1=error, 2=warn, 3=info, 4=debug, 5=detail (default: 3) --vmodule value Per-module verbosity: comma-separated list of <pattern>=<level> (e.g. eth/*=5,p2p=4) --backtrace value Request a stack trace at a specific logging statement (e.g. "block.go:271") --debug Prepends log messages with call-site location (file and line number) --pprof Enable the pprof HTTP server --pprofaddr value pprof HTTP server listening interface (default: "127.0.0.1") --pprofport value pprof HTTP server listening port (default: 6060) --memprofilerate value Turn on memory profiling with the given rate (default: 524288) --blockprofilerate value Turn on block profiling with the given rate (default: 0) --cpuprofile value Write CPU profile to the given file --trace value Write execution trace to the given file METRICS AND STATS OPTIONS: --metrics Enable metrics collection and reporting --metrics.influxdb Enable metrics export/push to an external InfluxDB database --metrics.influxdb.endpoint value InfluxDB API endpoint to report metrics to (default: "http://localhost:8086") --metrics.influxdb.database value InfluxDB database name to push reported metrics to (default: "geth") --metrics.influxdb.username value Username to authorize access to the database (default: "test") --metrics.influxdb.password value Password to authorize access to the database (default: "test") --metrics.influxdb.host.tag host InfluxDB host tag attached to all measurements (default: "localhost") WHISPER (EXPERIMENTAL) OPTIONS: --shh Enable Whisper --shh.maxmessagesize value Max message size accepted (default: 1048576) --shh.pow value Minimum POW accepted (default: 0.2) --shh.restrict-light Restrict connection between two whisper light clients DEPRECATED OPTIONS: --minerthreads value Number of CPU threads to use for mining (deprecated, use --miner.threads) (default: 0) --targetgaslimit value Target gas floor for mined blocks (deprecated, use --miner.gastarget) (default: 8000000) --gasprice "1000000000" Minimum gas price for mining a transaction (deprecated, use --miner.gasprice) --etherbase value Public address for block mining rewards (default = first account, deprecated, use --miner.etherbase) (default: "0") --extradata value Block extra data set by the miner (default = client version, deprecated, use --miner.extradata) MISC OPTIONS: --help, -h show help COPYRIGHT: Copyright 2013-2018 The go-ethereum Authors
而这一切,都靠cli搞定。
神奇的 cli
打开 geth
的入口文件 cmd/geth/main.go
geth 入口文件 cmd/geth/main.go
可以看到main函数里,使用了 app.Run
并把所有命令行参数都传了进去, app
的相关设置都在 init
中完成。
// ... var ( // ... // The app that holds all commands and flags. app = utils.NewApp(gitCommit, "the go-ethereum command line interface") // ... ) // ... func init() { // Initialize the CLI app and start Geth app.Action = geth app.HideVersion = true // we have a command to print the version app.Copyright = "Copyright 2013-2018 The go-ethereum Authors" //... } func main() { if err := app.Run(os.Args); err != nil { fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, err) os.Exit(1) } } // ...
这个 app对象 来自于 "gopkg.in/urfave/cli.v1"
包,使用的是v1稳定版本,文档见 https://gopkg.in/urfave/cli.v1 。这也是本文重点推荐的框架,使用该框架会让命令行编程变得非常方便。
App
结构
App
位于 app.go
,结构如下,可以看到自定义的信息应有尽有,包括程序名字、作者信息、用法指导、帮助、标志位、前后处理函数等等。
// App is the main structure of a cli application. It is recommended that // an app be created with the cli.NewApp() function type App struct { // The name of the program. Defaults to path.Base(os.Args[0]) Name string // Full name of command for help, defaults to Name HelpName string // Description of the program. Usage string // Text to override the USAGE section of help UsageText string // Description of the program argument format. ArgsUsage string // Version of the program Version string // Description of the program Description string // List of commands to execute Commands []Command // List of flags to parse Flags []Flag // Boolean to enable bash completion commands EnableBashCompletion bool // Boolean to hide built-in help command HideHelp bool // Boolean to hide built-in version flag and the VERSION section of help HideVersion bool // Populate on app startup, only gettable through method Categories() categories CommandCategories // An action to execute when the bash-completion flag is set BashComplete BashCompleteFunc // An action to execute before any subcommands are run, but after the context is ready // If a non-nil error is returned, no subcommands are run Before BeforeFunc // An action to execute after any subcommands are run, but after the subcommand has finished // It is run even if Action() panics After AfterFunc // The action to execute when no subcommands are specified // Expects a `cli.ActionFunc` but will accept the *deprecated* signature of `func(*cli.Context) {}` // *Note*: support for the deprecated `Action` signature will be removed in a future version Action interface{} // Execute this function if the proper command cannot be found CommandNotFound CommandNotFoundFunc // Execute this function if an usage error occurs OnUsageError OnUsageErrorFunc // Compilation date Compiled time.Time // List of all authors who contributed Authors []Author // Copyright of the binary if any Copyright string // Name of Author (Note: Use App.Authors, this is deprecated) Author string // Email of Author (Note: Use App.Authors, this is deprecated) Email string // Writer writer to write output to Writer io.Writer // ErrWriter writes error output ErrWriter io.Writer // Other custom info Metadata map[string]interface{} // Carries a function which returns app specific info. ExtraInfo func() map[string]string // CustomAppHelpTemplate the text template for app help topic. // cli.go uses text/template to render templates. You can // render custom help text by setting this variable. CustomAppHelpTemplate string didSetup bool }
App
对象的用法很简单, 设置对应的属性,然后运行即可 。如果想有自定义的行为,定义函数,然后设置对应的回调变量即可。
geth
除了设置名字、版本号等,最重要的就是 Action
和 Commands
了。其中 Action
是命令默认动作(如无子命令), Commands
定义了各个子命令以及对应的 Action
。见 https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/blob/master/cmd/geth/main.go#L176
app.Commands = []cli.Command{ // See chaincmd.go: initCommand, importCommand, exportCommand, importPreimagesCommand, exportPreimagesCommand, copydbCommand, removedbCommand, dumpCommand, // See monitorcmd.go: monitorCommand, // See accountcmd.go: accountCommand, walletCommand, // See consolecmd.go: consoleCommand, attachCommand, javascriptCommand, // See misccmd.go: makecacheCommand, makedagCommand, versionCommand, bugCommand, licenseCommand, // See config.go dumpConfigCommand, }
可见,这些 command
恰好和前边的 geth -h
输出的命令完全一样,其中help信息输出,靠的是 cli. helpPrinter
,包里甚至还有模板可以定义,非常赞。
cli.AppHelpTemplate = `NAME: {{.Name}} - {{.Usage}} USAGE: {{.HelpName}} {{if .VisibleFlags}}[global options]{{end}}{{if .Commands}} command [command options]{{end}} {{if .ArgsUsage}}{{.ArgsUsage}}{{else}}[arguments...]{{end}} {{if len .Authors}} AUTHOR: {{range .Authors}}{{ . }}{{end}} {{end}}{{if .Commands}} COMMANDS: {{range .Commands}}{{if not .HideHelp}} {{join .Names ", "}}{{ "\t"}}{{.Usage}}{{ "\n" }}{{end}}{{end}}{{end}}{{if .VisibleFlags}} GLOBAL OPTIONS: {{range .VisibleFlags}}{{.}} {{end}}{{end}}{{if .Copyright }} COPYRIGHT: {{.Copyright}} {{end}}{{if .Version}} VERSION: {{.Version}} {{end}} `
Geth的结构
了解了 cli
之后, geth
的代码结构就非常清楚了,主程序调用的是 geth
函数,其他子命令调用对应的 command
,挨个研究即可。
// geth is the main entry point into the system if no special subcommand is ran. // It creates a default node based on the command line arguments and runs it in // blocking mode, waiting for it to be shut down. func geth(ctx *cli.Context) error { if args := ctx.Args(); len(args) > 0 { return fmt.Errorf("invalid command: %q", args[0]) } node := makeFullNode(ctx) startNode(ctx, node) node.Wait() return nil }
initCommand = cli.Command{ Action: utils.MigrateFlags(initGenesis), Name: "init", Usage: "Bootstrap and initialize a new genesis block", ArgsUsage: "<genesisPath>", Flags: []cli.Flag{ utils.DataDirFlag, }, Category: "BLOCKCHAIN COMMANDS", Description: ` The init command initializes a new genesis block and definition for the network. This is a destructive action and changes the network in which you will be participating. It expects the genesis file as argument.`, }
其中, utils.MigrateFlags
是个通用的处理函数,用于设置标志位(把子context的Flag属性设置到全局context上),如注释,是为了兼容旧版本。
// MigrateFlags sets the global flag from a local flag when it's set. // This is a temporary function used for migrating old command/flags to the // new format. // // e.g. geth account new --keystore /tmp/mykeystore --lightkdf // // is equivalent after calling this method with: // // geth --keystore /tmp/mykeystore --lightkdf account new // // This allows the use of the existing configuration functionality. // When all flags are migrated this function can be removed and the existing // configuration functionality must be changed that is uses local flags func MigrateFlags(action func(ctx *cli.Context) error) func(*cli.Context) error { return func(ctx *cli.Context) error { for _, name := range ctx.FlagNames() { if ctx.IsSet(name) { ctx.GlobalSet(name, ctx.String(name)) } } return action(ctx) } }
真正起作用的,仍然是 initGenesis
。其他子命令类似。
嗯,这一下子清楚多了。
以上所述就是小编给大家介绍的《[Geth源码]好用到失眠的命令行应用框架cli》,希望对大家有所帮助,如果大家有任何疑问请给我留言,小编会及时回复大家的。在此也非常感谢大家对 码农网 的支持!
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