CentOS7.5 Kubernetes V1.13（最新版）二进制部署集群

一、概述

kubernetes 1.13 已发布，这是 2018 年年内第四次也是最后一次发布新版本。Kubernetes 1.13 是迄今为止发布间隔最短的版本之一（与上一版本间隔十周），主要关注 Kubernetes 的稳定性与可扩展性，其中存储与集群生命周期相关的三项主要功能已逐步实现普遍可用性。

Kubernetes 1.13 的核心特性包括：利用 kubeadm 简化集群管理、容器存储接口（CSI ）以及将 CoreDNS 作为默认 DNS 。

利用 kubeadm 简化集群管理功能

大多数与 Kubernetes 接触频繁的人或多或少都会亲自动手使用 kubeadm ，它是管理集群生命周期的重要工具，能够帮助从创建到配置再到升级的整个流程。;随着 1.13 版本的发布，kubeadm 功能进入 GA 版本，正式普遍可用。kubeadm 处理现有硬件上的生产集群的引导，并以最佳实践方式配置核心 Kubernetes 组件，以便为新节点提供安全而简单的连接流程并支持轻松升级。

该 GA 版本中最值得注意的是已经毕业的高级功能，尤其是可插拔性和可配置性。kubeadm 旨在为管理员与高级自动化系统提供一套 工具 箱，如今已迈出重要一步。

容器存储接口（CSI）

容器存储接口最初于 1.9 版本中作为 alpha 测试功能引入，在 1.10 版本中进入 beta 测试，如今终于进入 GA 阶段正式普遍可用。在 CSI 的帮助下，Kubernetes 卷层将真正实现可扩展性。通过 CSI ，第三方存储供应商将可以直接编写可与 Kubernetes 互操作的代码，而无需触及任何 Kubernetes 核心代码。事实上，相关规范也已经同步进入 1.0 阶段。

随着 CSI 的稳定，插件作者将能够按照自己的节奏开发核心存储插件，详见 CSI 文档。

CoreDNS 成为 Kubernetes 的默认 DNS 服务器

在 1.11 版本中，开发团队宣布 CoreDNS 已实现基于 DNS 服务发现的普遍可用性。在最新的 1.13 版本中，CoreDNS 正式取代 kuber-dns 成为 Kubernetes 中的默认 DNS 服务器。CoreDNS 是一种通用的、权威的 DNS 服务器，能够提供与 Kubernetes 向下兼容且具备可扩展性的集成能力。由于 CoreDNS 自身单一可执行文件与单一进程的特性，因此 CoreDNS 的活动部件数量会少于之前的 DNS 服务器，且能够通过创建自定义 DNS 条目来支持各类灵活的用例。此外，由于 CoreDNS 采用 Go 语言编写，它具有强大的内存安全性。

CoreDNS 现在是 Kubernetes 1.13 及后续版本推荐的 DNS 解决方案，Kubernetes 已将常用测试基础设施架构切换为默认使用 CoreDNS ，因此，开发团队建议用户也尽快完成切换。KubeDNS 仍将至少支持一个版本，但现在是时候开始规划迁移了。另外，包括 1.11 中 Kubeadm 在内的许多 OSS 安装工具也已经进行了切换。

1、安装环境准备：

部署节点说明

IP地址	主机名	CPU	内存	磁盘
172.16.8.100	qas-k8s-master01	4C	4G	50G
172.16.8.101	qas-k8s-node01	4C	4G	50G
172.16.8.102	qas-k8s-node02	4C	4G	50G

部署网络说明

2、架构图

Kubernetes 架构图

Flannel网络架构图

• 数据从源容器中发出后，经由所在主机的 docker 0虚拟网卡转发到flannel0虚拟网卡，这是个P2P的虚拟网卡，flanneld服务监听在网卡的另外一端。
• Flannel通过Etcd服务维护了一张节点间的路由表，在稍后的配置部分我们会介绍其中的内容。
• 源主机的flanneld服务将原本的数据内容UDP封装后根据自己的路由表投递给目的节点的flanneld服务，数据到达以后被解包，然后直接进入目的节点的flannel0虚拟网卡，
  然后被转发到目的主机的docker0虚拟网卡，最后就像本机容器通信一下的有docker0路由到达目标容器。

3、 Kubernetes工作流程

集群功能各模块功能描述：

Master节点：

Master节点上面主要由四个模块组成，APIServer，schedule,controller-manager,etcd

APIServer: APIServer负责对外提供RESTful的kubernetes API的服务，它是系统管理指令的统一接口，任何对资源的增删该查都要交给APIServer处理后再交给etcd，如图，kubectl(kubernetes提供的客户端工具，该工具内部是对kubernetes API的调用）是直接和APIServer交互的。

schedule: schedule负责调度Pod到合适的Node上，如果把scheduler看成一个黑匣子，那么它的输入是pod和由多个Node组成的列表，输出是Pod和一个Node的绑定。 kubernetes目前提供了调度算法，同样也保留了接口。用户根据自己的需求定义自己的调度算法。

controller manager: 如果APIServer做的是前台的工作的话，那么controller manager就是负责后台的。每一个资源都对应一个控制器。而control manager就是负责管理这些控制器的，比如我们通过APIServer创建了一个Pod，当这个Pod创建成功后，APIServer的任务就算完成了。

etcd：etcd是一个高可用的键值存储系统，kubernetes使用它来存储各个资源的状态，从而实现了Restful的API。

Node节点：

每个Node节点主要由三个模板组成：kublet, kube-proxy

kube-proxy: 该模块实现了kubernetes中的服务发现和反向代理功能。kube-proxy支持TCP和UDP连接转发，默认基Round Robin算法将客户端流量转发到与service对应的一组后端pod。服务发现方面，kube-proxy使用etcd的watch机制监控集群中service和endpoint对象数据的动态变化，并且维护一个service到endpoint的映射关系，从而保证了后端pod的IP变化不会对访问者造成影响，另外，kube-proxy还支持session affinity。

kublet：kublet是Master在每个Node节点上面的agent，是Node节点上面最重要的模块，它负责维护和管理该Node上的所有容器，但是如果容器不是通过kubernetes创建的，它并不会管理。本质上，它负责使Pod的运行状态与期望的状态一致。

二、Kubernetes 安装及配置

1、初始化环境

1.1、设置关闭防火墙及SELINUX

systemctl stop firewalld && systemctl disable firewalld
setenforce 0
vi /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled

1.2、关闭Swap

swapoff -a && sysctl -w vm.swappiness=0
vi /etc/fstab
#UUID=7bff6243-324c-4587-b550-55dc34018ebf swap                    swap    defaults        0 0

1.3、设置Docker所需参数

cat << EOF | tee /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF
sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf

1.4、安装 Docker

yum-config-manager --add-repo https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
yum list docker-ce --showduplicates | sort -r
yum install docker-ce -y
systemctl start docker && systemctl enable docker

1.5、创建安装目录

mkdir /k8s/etcd/{bin,cfg,ssl} -p
mkdir /k8s/kubernetes/{bin,cfg,ssl} -p

1.6、安装及配置CFSSL

wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl_linux-amd64
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssljson_linux-amd64
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
chmod +x cfssl_linux-amd64 cfssljson_linux-amd64 cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
mv cfssl_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl
mv cfssljson_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssljson
mv cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 /usr/bin/cfssl-certinfo

1.7、创建认证证书

创建 ETCD 证书

cat << EOF | tee ca-config.json
{
  "signing": {
    "default": {
      "expiry": "87600h"
    },
    "profiles": {
      "www": {
         "expiry": "87600h",
         "usages": [
            "signing",
            "key encipherment",
            "server auth",
            "client auth"
        ]
      }
    }
  }
}
EOF

创建 ETCD CA 配置文件

cat << EOF | tee ca-csr.json
{
    "CN": "etcd CA",
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "Shenzhen",
            "ST": "Shenzhen"
        }
    ]
}
EOF

创建 ETCD Server 证书

cat << EOF | tee server-csr.json
{
    "CN": "etcd",
    "hosts": [
    "172.16.8.100",
    "172.16.8.101",
    "172.16.8.102"
    ],
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "Shenzhen",
            "ST": "Shenzhen"
        }
    ]
}
EOF

生成 ETCD CA 证书和私钥

cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=www server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server

创建 Kubernetes CA 证书

cat << EOF | tee ca-config.json
{
  "signing": {
    "default": {
      "expiry": "87600h"
    },
    "profiles": {
      "kubernetes": {
         "expiry": "87600h",
         "usages": [
            "signing",
            "key encipherment",
            "server auth",
            "client auth"
        ]
      }
    }
  }
}
EOF

cat << EOF | tee ca-csr.json
{
    "CN": "kubernetes",
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "Shenzhen",
            "ST": "Shenzhen",
            "O": "k8s",
            "OU": "System"
        }
    ]
}
EOF

cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -

生成API_SERVER证书

cat << EOF | tee server-csr.json
{
    "CN": "kubernetes",
    "hosts": [
      "10.0.0.1",
      "127.0.0.1",
      "172.16.8.100",
      "kubernetes",
      "kubernetes.default",
      "kubernetes.default.svc",
      "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster",
      "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local"
    ],
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "Shenzhen",
            "ST": "Shenzhen",
            "O": "k8s",
            "OU": "System"
        }
    ]
}
EOF

cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server

创建 Kubernetes Proxy 证书

cat << EOF | tee kube-proxy-csr.json
{
  "CN": "system:kube-proxy",
  "hosts": [],
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "L": "Shenzhen",
      "ST": "Shenzhen",
      "O": "k8s",
      "OU": "System"
    }
  ]
}
EOF

cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-proxy-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-proxy

1.8、 ssh-key认证

# ssh-keygen 
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): 
Created directory '/root/.ssh'.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): 
Enter same passphrase again: 
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:FQjjiRDp8IKGT+UDM+GbQLBzF3DqDJ+pKnMIcHGyO/o root@qas-k8s-master01
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 2048]----+
|o.==o o. ..      |
|ooB+o+ o.  .     |
|B++@o o   .      |
|=X**o    .       |
|o=O. .  S        |
|..+              |
|oo .             |
|* .              |
|o+E              |
+----[SHA256]-----+

# ssh-copy-id 172.16.8.101
# ssh-copy-id 172.16.8.102

2 、部署ETCD

解压安装文件

tar -xvf etcd-v3.3.10-linux-amd64.tar.gz
cd etcd-v3.3.10-linux-amd64/
cp etcd etcdctl /k8s/etcd/bin/

vim /k8s/etcd/cfg/etcd   
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd01"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://172.16.8.100:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://172.16.8.100:2379"

#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://172.16.8.100:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://172.16.8.100:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd01=https://172.16.8.100:2380,etcd02=https://172.16.8.101:2380,etcd03=https://172.16.8.102:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"

拷贝证书文件

cp ca*pem server*pem /k8s/etcd/ssl

启动ETCD服务

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable etcd
systemctl start etcd

将启动文件、配置文件拷贝到 节点1、节点2

cd /k8s/ 
scp -r etcd 172.16.8.101:/k8s/
scp -r etcd 172.16.8.102:/k8s/
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service  172.16.8.101:/usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service  172.16.8.102:/usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service 

vim /k8s/etcd/cfg/etcd 
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd02"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://172.16.8.101:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://172.16.8.101:2379"

#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://172.16.8.101:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://172.16.8.101:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd01=https://172.16.8.100:2380,etcd02=https://172.16.8.101:2380,etcd03=https://172.16.8.102:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"

vim /k8s/etcd/cfg/etcd

#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd03"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://172.16.8.102:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://172.16.8.102:2379"

#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://172.16.8.102:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://172.16.8.102:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd01=https://172.16.8.100:2380,etcd02=https://172.16.8.101:2380,etcd03=https://172.16.8.102:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"

验证集群是否正常运行

./etcdctl \
--ca-file=/k8s/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--cert-file=/k8s/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--key-file=/k8s/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--endpoints="https://172.16.8.100:2379,\
https://172.16.8.101:2379,\
https://172.16.8.102:2379" cluster-health

member 5db3ea816863435 is healthy: got healthy result from https://172.16.8.102:2379
member 991b5845cecb31b is healthy: got healthy result from https://172.16.8.101:2379
member c67ee2780d64a0d4 is healthy: got healthy result from https://172.16.8.100:2379
cluster is healthy

注意：
启动ETCD集群同时启动二个节点，启动一个节点集群是无法正常启动的；

3、部署Flannel网络

向 etcd 写入集群 Pod 网段信息

cd /k8s/etcd/ssl/
/k8s/etcd/bin/etcdctl \
--ca-file=ca.pem --cert-file=server.pem \
--key-file=server-key.pem \
--endpoints="https://172.16.8.100:2379,\
https://172.16.8.101:2379,https://172.16.8.102:2379" \
set /coreos.com/network/config  '{ "Network": "172.18.0.0/16", "Backend": {"Type": "vxlan"}}'

• flanneld 当前版本 (v0.10.0) 不支持 etcd v3，故使用 etcd v2 API 写入配置 key 和网段数据；
• 写入的 Pod 网段 ${CLUSTER_CIDR} 必须是 /16 段地址，必须与 kube-controller-manager 的 --cluster-cidr 参数值一致；

解压安装

tar -xvf flannel-v0.10.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz
mv flanneld mk-docker-opts.sh /k8s/kubernetes/bin/

配置Flannel

vim /k8s/kubernetes/cfg/flanneld
FLANNEL_OPTIONS="--etcd-endpoints=https://172.16.8.100:2379,https://172.16.8.101:2379,https://172.16.8.102:2379 -etcd-cafile=/k8s/etcd/ssl/ca.pem -etcd-certfile=/k8s/etcd/ssl/server.pem -etcd-keyfile=/k8s/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem"

创建 flanneld 的 systemd unit 文件

vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/flanneld.service
[Unit]
Description=Flanneld overlay address etcd agent
After=network-online.target network.target
Before=docker.service

[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/flanneld
ExecStart=/k8s/kubernetes/bin/flanneld --ip-masq $FLANNEL_OPTIONS
ExecStartPost=/k8s/kubernetes/bin/mk-docker-opts.sh -k DOCKER_NETWORK_OPTIONS -d /run/flannel/subnet.env
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

• mk-docker-opts.sh 脚本将分配给 flanneld 的 Pod 子网网段信息写入 /run/flannel/docker 文件，后续 docker 启动时 使用这个文件中的环境变量配置 docker0 网桥；
• flanneld 使用系统缺省路由所在的接口与其它节点通信，对于有多个网络接口（如内网和公网）的节点，可以用 -iface 参数指定通信接口，如上面的 eth0 接口;
• flanneld 运行时需要 root 权限；

配置Docker启动指定子网段

vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service 
[Unit]
Description=Docker Application Container Engine
Documentation=https://docs.docker.com
After=network-online.target firewalld.service
Wants=network-online.target

[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=/run/flannel/subnet.env
ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd $DOCKER_NETWORK_OPTIONS
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
LimitNOFILE=infinity
LimitNPROC=infinity
LimitCORE=infinity
TimeoutStartSec=0
Delegate=yes
KillMode=process
Restart=on-failure
StartLimitBurst=3
StartLimitInterval=60s

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

配置Docker启动指定子网段

vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service 

[Unit]
Description=Docker Application Container Engine
Documentation=https://docs.docker.com
BindsTo=containerd.service
After=network-online.target firewalld.service
Wants=network-online.target

[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=/run/flannel/subnet.env
ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd $DOCKER_NETWORK_OPTIONS
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
LimitNOFILE=infinity
LimitNPROC=infinity
LimitCORE=infinity
TimeoutStartSec=0
Delegate=yes
KillMode=process
Restart=on-failure
StartLimitBurst=3
StartLimitInterval=60s

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

将flanneld systemd unit 文件到所有节点

cd /k8s/
scp -r kubernetes 172.16.8.101:/k8s/
scp -r kubernetes 172.16.8.102:/k8s/
scp /k8s/kubernetes/cfg/flanneld 172.16.8.102:/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/flanneld
scp /k8s/kubernetes/cfg/flanneld 172.16.8.102:/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/flanneld
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service  172.16.8.101:/usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service 
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service  172.16.8.102:/usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/flanneld.service  172.16.8.101:/usr/lib/systemd/system/flanneld.service 
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/flanneld.service  172.16.8.102:/usr/lib/systemd/system/flanneld.service 

启动服务
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start flanneld
systemctl enable flanneld
systemctl restart docker

查看是否生效

ip add
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 08:00:27:e3:57:a4 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.16.8.101/24 brd 172.16.8.255 scope global noprefixroute eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fee3:57a4/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: docker0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default 
    link/ether 02:42:cf:5d:a7:af brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.18.25.1/24 brd 172.18.25.255 scope global docker0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: flannel.1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1450 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default 
    link/ether 0e:bf:c5:3b:4d:59 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.18.25.0/32 scope global flannel.1
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::cbf:c5ff:fe3b:4d59/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

4、部署 master 节点

kubernetes master 节点运行如下组件：

• kube-apiserver
• kube-scheduler
• kube-controller-manager
  kube-scheduler 和 kube-controller-manager 可以以集群模式运行，通过 leader 选举产生一个工作进程，其它进程处于阻塞模式。

将二进制文件解压拷贝到master 节点

tar -xvf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz 
cd kubernetes/server/bin/
cp kube-scheduler kube-apiserver kube-controller-manager kubectl /k8s/kubernetes/bin/

拷贝认证

cp *pem /k8s/kubernetes/ssl/

部署 kube-apiserver 组件

创建 TLS Bootstrapping Token

# head -c 16 /dev/urandom | od -An -t x | tr -d ' '
2366a641f656a0a025abb4aabda4511b

vim /k8s/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv
2366a641f656a0a025abb4aabda4511b,kubelet-bootstrap,10001,"system:kubelet-bootstrap"

创建apiserver配置文件

vim /k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver 
KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \
--v=4 \
--etcd-servers=https://172.16.8.100:2379,https://172.16.8.101:2379,https://172.16.8.102:2379 \
--bind-address=172.16.8.100 \
--secure-port=6443 \
--advertise-address=172.16.8.100 \
--allow-privileged=true \
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 \
--enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,SecurityContextDeny,ServiceAccount,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction \
--authorization-mode=RBAC,Node \
--enable-bootstrap-token-auth \
--token-auth-file=/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv \
--service-node-port-range=30000-50000 \
--tls-cert-file=/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem  \
--tls-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \
--client-ca-file=/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--service-account-key-file=/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \
--etcd-cafile=/k8s/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--etcd-certfile=/k8s/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--etcd-keyfile=/k8s/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem"

创建 kube-apiserver systemd unit 文件

vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service 

[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes API Server
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver
ExecStart=/k8s/kubernetes/bin/kube-apiserver $KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

启动服务

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable kube-apiserver
systemctl restart kube-apiserver

查看apiserver是否运行

ps -ef |grep kube-apiserver
root      76300      1 45 08:57 ?        00:00:14 /k8s/kubernetes/bin/kube-apiserver --logtostderr=true --v=4 --etcd-servers=https://172.16.8.100:2379,https://172.16.8.101:2379,https://172.16.8.102:2379 --bind-address=172.16.8.100 --secure-port=6443 --advertise-address=172.16.9.51 --allow-privileged=true --service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 --enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,SecurityContextDeny,ServiceAccount,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction --authorization-mode=RBAC,Node --enable-bootstrap-token-auth --token-auth-file=/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv --service-node-port-range=30000-50000 --tls-cert-file=/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem --tls-private-key-file=/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem --client-ca-file=/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem --service-account-key-file=/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem --etcd-cafile=/k8s/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --etcd-certfile=/k8s/etcd/ssl/server.pem --etcd-keyfile=/k8s/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem
root      76357   4370  0 08:58 pts/1    00:00:00 grep --color=auto kube-apiserver

部署kube-scheduler

创建kube-scheduler配置文件

vim  /k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler 

KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS="--logtostderr=true --v=4 --master=127.0.0.1:8080 --leader-elect"

• --address：在 127.0.0.1:10251 端口接收 http /metrics 请求；kube-scheduler 目前还不支持接收 https 请求；
• --kubeconfig：指定 kubeconfig 文件路径，kube-scheduler 使用它连接和验证 kube-apiserver；
• --leader-elect=true：集群运行模式，启用选举功能；被选为 leader 的节点负责处理工作，其它节点为阻塞状态；

创建kube-scheduler systemd unit 文件

vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service 

[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Scheduler
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler
ExecStart=/k8s/kubernetes/bin/kube-scheduler $KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

启动服务

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable kube-scheduler.service 
systemctl restart kube-scheduler.service

查看kube-scheduler是否运行

# ps -ef |grep kube-scheduler 
root      77854      1  8 09:17 ?        00:00:02 /k8s/kubernetes/bin/kube-scheduler --logtostderr=true --v=4 --master=127.0.0.1:8080 --leader-elect
root      77901   1305  0 09:18 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto kube-scheduler
# systemctl status kube-scheduler.service 
● kube-scheduler.service - Kubernetes Scheduler
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since 三 2018-12-05 09:17:43 CST; 29s ago
     Docs: https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
 Main PID: 77854 (kube-scheduler)
    Tasks: 13
   Memory: 10.9M
   CGroup: /system.slice/kube-scheduler.service
           └─77854 /k8s/kubernetes/bin/kube-scheduler --logtostderr=true --v=4 --master=127.0.0.1:8080 --leader-elect

12月 05 09:17:45 qas-k8s-master01 kube-scheduler[77854]: I1205 09:17:45.642632   77854 shared_informer.go:123] caches populated
12月 05 09:17:45 qas-k8s-master01 kube-scheduler[77854]: I1205 09:17:45.743297   77854 shared_informer.go:123] caches populated
12月 05 09:17:45 qas-k8s-master01 kube-scheduler[77854]: I1205 09:17:45.844554   77854 shared_informer.go:123] caches populated
12月 05 09:17:45 qas-k8s-master01 kube-scheduler[77854]: I1205 09:17:45.945332   77854 shared_informer.go:123] caches populated
12月 05 09:17:45 qas-k8s-master01 kube-scheduler[77854]: I1205 09:17:45.945434   77854 controller_utils.go:1027] Waiting for caches to sync for scheduler controller
12月 05 09:17:46 qas-k8s-master01 kube-scheduler[77854]: I1205 09:17:46.046385   77854 shared_informer.go:123] caches populated
12月 05 09:17:46 qas-k8s-master01 kube-scheduler[77854]: I1205 09:17:46.046427   77854 controller_utils.go:1034] Caches are synced for scheduler controller
12月 05 09:17:46 qas-k8s-master01 kube-scheduler[77854]: I1205 09:17:46.046574   77854 leaderelection.go:205] attempting to acquire leader lease  kube-system/kube-scheduler...
12月 05 09:17:46 qas-k8s-master01 kube-scheduler[77854]: I1205 09:17:46.063185   77854 leaderelection.go:214] successfully acquired lease kube-system/kube-scheduler
12月 05 09:17:46 qas-k8s-master01 kube-scheduler[77854]: I1205 09:17:46.164498   77854 shared_informer.go:123] caches populated

部署kube-controller-manager

创建kube-controller-manager配置文件

vim /k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager

KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \
--v=4 \
--master=127.0.0.1:8080 \
--leader-elect=true \
--address=127.0.0.1 \
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 \
--cluster-name=kubernetes \
--cluster-signing-cert-file=/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--cluster-signing-key-file=/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem  \
--root-ca-file=/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--service-account-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem"

创建kube-controller-manager systemd unit 文件

vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service 

[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager
ExecStart=/k8s/kubernetes/bin/kube-controller-manager $KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

启动服务

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable kube-controller-manager
systemctl restart kube-controller-manager

查看kube-controller-manager是否运行

# systemctl status kube-controller-manager
● kube-controller-manager.service - Kubernetes Controller Manager
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since 三 2018-12-05 09:35:00 CST; 3s ago
     Docs: https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
 Main PID: 79191 (kube-controller)
    Tasks: 8
   Memory: 15.2M
   CGroup: /system.slice/kube-controller-manager.service
           └─79191 /k8s/kubernetes/bin/kube-controller-manager --logtostderr=true --v=4 --master=127.0.0.1:8080 --leader-elect=true --address=127.0.0.1 --service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0....

12月 05 09:35:01 qas-k8s-master01 kube-controller-manager[79191]: I1205 09:35:01.350599   79191 serving.go:318] Generated self-signed cert in-memory
12月 05 09:35:01 qas-k8s-master01 kube-controller-manager[79191]: W1205 09:35:01.762710   79191 authentication.go:235] No authentication-kubeconfig provided in order to lookup...on't work.
12月 05 09:35:01 qas-k8s-master01 kube-controller-manager[79191]: W1205 09:35:01.762767   79191 authentication.go:238] No authentication-kubeconfig provided in order to lookup...on't work.
12月 05 09:35:01 qas-k8s-master01 kube-controller-manager[79191]: W1205 09:35:01.762792   79191 authorization.go:146] No authorization-kubeconfig provided, so SubjectAcce***ev...on't work.
12月 05 09:35:01 qas-k8s-master01 kube-controller-manager[79191]: I1205 09:35:01.762827   79191 controllermanager.go:151] Version: v1.13.0
12月 05 09:35:01 qas-k8s-master01 kube-controller-manager[79191]: I1205 09:35:01.763446   79191 secure_serving.go:116] Serving securely on [::]:10257
12月 05 09:35:01 qas-k8s-master01 kube-controller-manager[79191]: I1205 09:35:01.763925   79191 deprecated_insecure_serving.go:51] Serving insecurely on 127.0.0.1:10252
12月 05 09:35:01 qas-k8s-master01 kube-controller-manager[79191]: I1205 09:35:01.764443   79191 leaderelection.go:205] attempting to acquire leader lease  kube-system/kube-con...manager...
12月 05 09:35:01 qas-k8s-master01 kube-controller-manager[79191]: I1205 09:35:01.770798   79191 leaderelection.go:289] lock is held by qas-k8s-master01_fab3fbe9-f82d-11e8-9140...et expired
12月 05 09:35:01 qas-k8s-master01 kube-controller-manager[79191]: I1205 09:35:01.770817   79191 leaderelection.go:210] failed to acquire lease kube-system/kube-controller-manager
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.

# ps -ef |grep kube-controller-manager
root      79191      1 10 09:35 ?        00:00:01 /k8s/kubernetes/bin/kube-controller-manager --logtostderr=true --v=4 --master=127.0.0.1:8080 --leader-elect=true --address=127.0.0.1 --service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 --cluster-name=kubernetes --cluster-signing-cert-file=/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem --cluster-signing-key-file=/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem --root-ca-file=/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem --service-account-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem
root      79220   1305  0 09:35 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto kube-controller-manager

将可执行文件路/k8s/kubernetes/ 添加到 PATH 变量中

vim /etc/profile
PATH=/k8s/kubernetes/bin:$PATH:$HOME/bin
source /etc/profile

查看master集群状态

# kubectl get cs,nodes
NAME                                 STATUS    MESSAGE             ERROR
componentstatus/scheduler            Healthy   ok                  
componentstatus/etcd-2               Healthy   {"health":"true"}   
componentstatus/etcd-1               Healthy   {"health":"true"}   
componentstatus/etcd-0               Healthy   {"health":"true"}   
componentstatus/controller-manager   Healthy   ok

5、部署node 节点

kubernetes work 节点运行如下组件：

• docker 前面已经部署
• kubelet
• kube-proxy

部署 kubelet 组件

• kublet 运行在每个 worker 节点上，接收 kube-apiserver 发送的请求，管理 Pod 容器，执行交互式命令，如exec、run、logs 等;
• kublet 启动时自动向 kube-apiserver 注册节点信息，内置的 cadvisor 统计和监控节点的资源使用情况;
• 为确保安全，本文档只开启接收 https 请求的安全端口，对请求进行认证和授权，拒绝未授权的访问(如apiserver、heapster)。

将kubelet 二进制文件拷贝node节点

cp kubelet kube-proxy /k8s/kubernetes/bin/
scp kubelet kube-proxy 172.16.8.101:/k8s/kubernetes/bin/
scp kubelet kube-proxy 172.16.8.102:/k8s/kubernetes/bin/

创建 kubelet bootstrap kubeconfig 文件

vim  environment.sh
# 创建kubelet bootstrapping kubeconfig 
BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN=2366a641f656a0a025abb4aabda4511b
KUBE_APISERVER="https://172.16.8.100:6443"
# 设置集群参数
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
  --certificate-authority=./ca.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
  --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig

# 设置客户端认证参数
kubectl config set-credentials kubelet-bootstrap \
  --token=${BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN} \
  --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig

# 设置上下文参数
kubectl config set-context default \
  --cluster=kubernetes \
  --user=kubelet-bootstrap \
  --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig

# 设置默认上下文
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig

#----------------------

# 创建kube-proxy kubeconfig文件

kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
  --certificate-authority=./ca.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
  --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig

kubectl config set-credentials kube-proxy \
  --client-certificate=./kube-proxy.pem \
  --client-key=./kube-proxy-key.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig

kubectl config set-context default \
  --cluster=kubernetes \
  --user=kube-proxy \
  --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig

kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig

将bootstrap kubeconfig kube-proxy.kubeconfig 文件拷贝到所有 nodes节点

cp bootstrap.kubeconfig kube-proxy.kubeconfig /k8s/kubernetes/cfg/
scp bootstrap.kubeconfig kube-proxy.kubeconfig 172.16.8.101:/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/
scp bootstrap.kubeconfig kube-proxy.kubeconfig 172.16.8.102:/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/

创建kubelet 参数配置文件拷贝到所有 nodes节点

创建 kubelet 参数配置模板文件：

vim /k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.config
kind: KubeletConfiguration
apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
address: 172.16.8.100
port: 10250
readOnlyPort: 10255
cgroupDriver: cgroupfs
clusterDNS: ["10.0.0.2"]
clusterDomain: cluster.local.
failSwapOn: false
authentication:
  anonymous:
    enabled: true

创建kubelet配置文件

vim /k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet

KUBELET_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \
--v=4 \
--hostname-override=172.16.8.100 \
--kubeconfig=/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig \
--bootstrap-kubeconfig=/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap.kubeconfig \
--config=/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.config \
--cert-dir=/k8s/kubernetes/ssl \
--pod-infra-container-image=registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google-containers/pause-amd64:3.0"

创建kubelet systemd unit 文件

vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service 

[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kubelet
After=docker.service
Requires=docker.service

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet
ExecStart=/k8s/kubernetes/bin/kubelet $KUBELET_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
KillMode=process

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

将kubelet-bootstrap用户绑定到系统集群角色

kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-bootstrap \
  --clusterrole=system:node-bootstrapper \
  --user=kubelet-bootstrap

启动服务

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable kubelet
systemctl restart kubelet

approve kubelet CSR 请求

可以手动或自动 approve CSR 请求。推荐使用自动的方式，因为从 v1.8 版本开始，可以自动轮转approve csr 后生成的证书。

手动 approve CSR 请求

查看 CSR 列表：

# kubectl get csr
NAME                                                   AGE    REQUESTOR           CONDITION
node-csr-An1VRgJ7FEMMF_uyy6iPjyF5ahuLx6tJMbk2SMthwLs   39m    kubelet-bootstrap   Pending
node-csr-dWPIyP_vD1w5gBS4iTZ6V5SJwbrdMx05YyybmbW3U5s   5m5s   kubelet-bootstrap   Pending

# kubectl certificate approve node-csr-An1VRgJ7FEMMF_uyy6iPjyF5ahuLx6tJMbk2SMthwLs
certificatesigningrequest.certificates.k8s.io/node-csr-An1VRgJ7FEMMF_uyy6iPjyF5ahuLx6tJMbk2SMthwLs 

# kubectl certificate approve node-csr-dWPIyP_vD1w5gBS4iTZ6V5SJwbrdMx05YyybmbW3U5s  
certificatesigningrequest.certificates.k8s.io/node-csr-dWPIyP_vD1w5gBS4iTZ6V5SJwbrdMx05YyybmbW3U5s approved
[
# kubectl get csr
NAME                                                   AGE     REQUESTOR           CONDITION
node-csr-An1VRgJ7FEMMF_uyy6iPjyF5ahuLx6tJMbk2SMthwLs   41m     kubelet-bootstrap   Approved,Issued
node-csr-dWPIyP_vD1w5gBS4iTZ6V5SJwbrdMx05YyybmbW3U5s   7m32s   kubelet-bootstrap   Approved,Issued

• Requesting User：请求 CSR 的用户，kube-apiserver 对它进行认证和授权；
• Subject：请求签名的证书信息；
• 证书的 CN 是 system:node:kube-node2， Organization 是 system:nodes，kube-apiserver 的 Node 授权模式会授予该证书的相关权限；

查看集群状态

# kubectl get nodes
NAME           STATUS   ROLES    AGE   VERSION
172.16.8.100   Ready    <none>   39m   v1.13.0
172.16.8.101   Ready    <none>   25s   v1.13.0
172.16.8.102   Ready    <none>   13s   v1.13.0

部署 kube-proxy 组件

kube-proxy 运行在所有 node节点上，它监听 apiserver 中 service 和 Endpoint 的变化情况，创建路由规则来进行服务负载均衡。

创建 kube-proxy 配置文件

vim /k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy
KUBE_PROXY_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \
--v=4 \
--hostname-override=172.16.8.100 \
--cluster-cidr=10.0.0.0/24 \
--kubeconfig=/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.kubeconfig"

• bindAddress: 监听地址；
• clientConnection.kubeconfig: 连接 apiserver 的 kubeconfig 文件；
• clusterCIDR: kube-proxy 根据 --cluster-cidr 判断集群内部和外部流量，指定 --cluster-cidr 或 --masquerade-all 选项后 kube-proxy 才会对访问 Service IP 的请求做 SNAT；
• hostnameOverride: 参数值必须与 kubelet 的值一致，否则 kube-proxy 启动后会找不到该 Node，从而不会创建任何 ipvs 规则；
• mode: 使用 ipvs 模式；

创建kube-proxy systemd unit 文件

vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service 

[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Proxy
After=network.target

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy
ExecStart=/k8s/kubernetes/bin/kube-proxy $KUBE_PROXY_OPTS
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

启动服务

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable kube-proxy
systemctl restart kube-proxy

# systemctl status kube-proxy
● kube-proxy.service - Kubernetes Proxy
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since 三 2018-12-05 22:49:31 CST; 7s ago
 Main PID: 13848 (kube-proxy)
    Tasks: 0
   Memory: 11.1M
   CGroup: /system.slice/kube-proxy.service
           ‣ 13848 /k8s/kubernetes/bin/kube-proxy --logtostderr=true --v=4 --hostname-override=172.16.8.100 --cluster-cidr=10.0.0.0/24 --kubeconfig=/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.kubecon...

12月 05 22:49:31 qas-k8s-master01 kube-proxy[13848]: I1205 22:49:31.989376   13848 iptables.go:391] running i

集群状态

# kubectl get node,cs
NAME                STATUS   ROLES    AGE     VERSION
node/172.16.8.100   Ready    <none>   41m     v1.13.0
node/172.16.8.101   Ready    <none>   2m53s   v1.13.0
node/172.16.8.102   Ready    <none>   2m41s   v1.13.0

NAME                                 STATUS    MESSAGE             ERROR
componentstatus/scheduler            Healthy   ok                  
componentstatus/controller-manager   Healthy   ok                  
componentstatus/etcd-1               Healthy   {"health":"true"}   
componentstatus/etcd-0               Healthy   {"health":"true"}   
componentstatus/etcd-2               Healthy   {"health":"true"}