内容简介:EditorConfig 是一种被各种编辑器广泛支持的配置,使用此配置有助于项目在整个团队中保持一致的代码风格。Visual Studio 2017 开始原生支持 EditorConfig。本文将介绍 Visual Studio 对 EditorConfig 的支持情况(含原生与插件),并给出符合 .NET 和 C# 约定的 EditorConfig 详细设置。在 EditorConfig 官网中,贴出了一些可以纯原生无需任何插件支持 EditorConfig 代码风格配置的编辑器:
EditorConfig 是一种被各种编辑器广泛支持的配置,使用此配置有助于项目在整个团队中保持一致的代码风格。Visual Studio 2017 开始原生支持 EditorConfig。
本文将介绍 Visual Studio 对 EditorConfig 的支持情况(含原生与插件),并给出符合 .NET 和 C# 约定的 EditorConfig 详细设置。
EditorConfig 的广泛支持
在 EditorConfig 官网中,贴出了一些可以纯原生无需任何插件支持 EditorConfig 代码风格配置的编辑器:
▲ 原生支持 EditorConfig 的编辑器
然后还贴出了可以通过插件支持的编辑器:
▲ 可以通过插件支持 EditorConfig 的编辑器
EditorConfig 本身只定义了一个核心集,表示所有语言都共同遵循的代码格式规范: EditorConfig 属性的核心集 。同时,还有一些其他定义的规范: EditorConfig 的完整属性 ,不过这里不包括语言特定的规范。
Visual Studio 对 EditorConfig 的支持程度
Visual Studio 2017 开始添加了对 EditorConfig 的原生支持(你当然能在上面看到 Visual Studio 的图标啦)。
原生的 Visual Studio 2017 支持 EditorConfig 属性的核心集和一些语言的特定属性。具体来说,是这一些:
- 核心属性
indent_style indent_size tab_width end_of_line charset trim_trailing_whitespace insert_final_newline
- 语言特定属性
- 所有 Visual Studio 支持的语言(XML 除外)均支持 EditorConfig 编辑器设置。
- 此外,EditorConfig 还支持适用于 C# 和 Visual Basic 的代码样式约定和命名约定。
也就是说,当你的项目中存在 EditorConfig 的配置文件 .editorconfig 的时候,Visual Studio 就会应用 EditorConfig 的设置,而且可以适用于多数情况下的编程约定。
Visual Studio 中 .NET 相关语言(C# VB)的 EditorConfig 属性,可以参考 .NET coding convention settings For EditorConfig 。
在 Visual Studio 中添加 EditorConfig 配置
Visual Studio 支持 EditorConfig 对编程规范的约束。对于多数开发者来说,不需要安装任何插件的情况下这个编程规范的约束就会生效。
不过,还是需要有一些小伙伴进行编程规范的设置。设置规范可以使用很多个插件,比如 EditorConfig Language Service 和 Visual Studio IntelliCode 。当然,前者会更加专业,后者只是因为需要使用到 EditorConfig 的配置,顺便带上了 EditorConfig 的编辑体验。
安装了 EditorConfig Language Service 插件之后,在解决方案上右键,添加 .editorconfig 文件。
▲ 添加 .editorconfig 文件
当然,也许你会发现在我的图中,两个插件都能生成 .editorconfig 文件。EditorConfig Language Service 生成的 .editorconfig 文件是空的,而 IntelliCode 一经添加便提供了丰富的 C# 语言约定的属性设置。不过,IntelliCode 提供的设置多少取决于你目前解决方案中的项目类型,这些属性是从 这里 推断的。
如果你使用 EditorConfig Language Service 生成了 .editorconfig 文件,则可以继续点击小灯泡生成按照微软约定的编程规范:
▲ 生成规范
在 Visual Studio 中开启 EditorConfig 支持
实际上,Visual Studio 一旦检测到 .editorconfig 文件的存在,格式约定就会自动生效。
在 ReSharper 中开启 EditorConfig 支持
一样的,ReSharper 默认是开启了 EditorConfig 配置的检测的,也就是说只要存在 .editorconfig 文件,那么 EditorConfig 也会在 ReSharper 的格式化中生效。
ReSharper 对于 EditorConfig 的支持情况可以参考: Using EditorConfig - Help - ReSharper 。
效果体验
我们来看一段风格十分混乱不忍直视的代码:
using System; using System.Threading.Tasks; namespace Walterlv.Demo { public static class Program { [STAThread] private static int Main(string[] args) { var logger = (ILogger) new Logger(); var logger2 = (ILogger)new Logger(); var managerTask = Task.Run( () => { var manager = new Manager(logger); manager.Run(); return manager; }); var app = new App(managerTask) { }; app.InitializeComponent(); app.Run(); return 0; } } }
无论你是使用什么方式,最终都能格式化成下面这样:
- 你可以直接输入,在遇到
}
和;
的时候就会格式化 - 你可以 Ctrl+V 粘贴,粘贴后直接就是格式化后的代码
- 你可以按下 Ctrl+Alt+Enter(ReSharper),这样整份文档就会格式化
- 你可以按下 Ctrl+K, D(Visual Studio 的 Cleanup),这样也能格式化
using System; using System.Threading.Tasks; namespace Walterlv.Demo { public static class Program { [STAThread] private static int Main(string[] args) { var logger = (ILogger)new Logger(); var logger2 = (ILogger)new Logger(); var managerTask = Task.Run(() => { var manager = new Manager(logger); manager.Run(); return manager; }); var app = new App(managerTask) { }; app.InitializeComponent(); app.Run(); return 0; } } }
附 EditorConfig Language Service 生成的属性集
[*] end_of_line = crlf charset = utf-8-bom indent_size = 4 insert_final_newline = true tab_width = 4 trim_trailing_whitespace = true [*.xml] indent_style = space [*.{cs,vb}] dotnet_sort_system_directives_first = true dotnet_style_coalesce_expression = true:suggestion dotnet_style_collection_initializer = true:suggestion dotnet_style_explicit_tuple_names = true:suggestion dotnet_style_null_propagation = true:suggestion dotnet_style_object_initializer = true:suggestion dotnet_style_parentheses_in_arithmetic_binary_operators = always_for_clarity:silent dotnet_style_parentheses_in_other_binary_operators = always_for_clarity:silent dotnet_style_parentheses_in_other_operators = never_if_unnecessary:silent dotnet_style_parentheses_in_relational_binary_operators = always_for_clarity:silent dotnet_style_predefined_type_for_locals_parameters_members = true:silent dotnet_style_predefined_type_for_member_access = true:silent dotnet_style_prefer_auto_properties = true:silent dotnet_style_prefer_conditional_expression_over_assignment = true dotnet_style_prefer_conditional_expression_over_return = true dotnet_style_prefer_inferred_anonymous_type_member_names = true:suggestion dotnet_style_prefer_inferred_tuple_names = true:suggestion dotnet_style_prefer_is_null_check_over_reference_equality_method = true:silent dotnet_style_qualification_for_event = false:silent dotnet_style_qualification_for_field = false:silent dotnet_style_qualification_for_method = false:silent dotnet_style_qualification_for_property = false:silent dotnet_style_readonly_field = true:suggestion dotnet_style_require_accessibility_modifiers = for_non_interface_members:silent [*.cs] csharp_indent_case_contents = true csharp_indent_labels = flush_left csharp_indent_switch_labels = true csharp_new_line_before_catch = true csharp_new_line_before_else = true csharp_new_line_before_finally = true csharp_new_line_before_members_in_anonymous_types = true csharp_new_line_before_members_in_object_initializers = true csharp_new_line_before_open_brace = all csharp_new_line_between_query_expression_clauses = true csharp_preferred_modifier_order = public,private,protected,internal,static,extern,new,virtual,abstract,sealed,override,readonly,unsafe,volatile,async:suggestion csharp_prefer_braces = true:silent csharp_prefer_simple_default_expression = true:suggestion csharp_preserve_single_line_blocks = true csharp_preserve_single_line_statements = true csharp_space_after_cast = false csharp_space_after_colon_in_inheritance_clause = true csharp_space_after_keywords_in_control_flow_statements = true csharp_space_around_binary_operators = before_and_after csharp_space_before_colon_in_inheritance_clause = true csharp_space_between_method_call_empty_parameter_list_parentheses = false csharp_space_between_method_call_name_and_opening_parenthesis = false csharp_space_between_method_call_parameter_list_parentheses = false csharp_space_between_method_declaration_empty_parameter_list_parentheses = false csharp_space_between_method_declaration_parameter_list_parentheses = false csharp_space_between_parentheses = false csharp_style_conditional_delegate_call = true:suggestion csharp_style_deconstructed_variable_declaration = true:suggestion csharp_style_expression_bodied_accessors = true:silent csharp_style_expression_bodied_constructors = false:silent csharp_style_expression_bodied_indexers = true:silent csharp_style_expression_bodied_methods = false:silent csharp_style_expression_bodied_operators = false:silent csharp_style_expression_bodied_properties = true:silent csharp_style_inlined_variable_declaration = true:suggestion csharp_style_pattern_local_over_anonymous_function = true:suggestion csharp_style_pattern_matching_over_as_with_null_check = true:suggestion csharp_style_pattern_matching_over_is_with_cast_check = true:suggestion csharp_style_throw_expression = true:suggestion csharp_style_var_elsewhere = true:silent csharp_style_var_for_built_in_types = true:silent csharp_style_var_when_type_is_apparent = true:silent [*.vb] visual_basic_preferred_modifier_order = Partial,Default,Private,Protected,Public,Friend,NotOverridable,Overridable,MustOverride,Overloads,Overrides,MustInherit,NotInheritable,Static,Shared,Shadows,ReadOnly,WriteOnly,Dim,Const,WithEvents,Widening,Narrowing,Custom,Async:suggestion:suggestion
附 IntelliCode 生成的属性集
# Rules in this file were initially inferred by Visual Studio IntelliCode from the C:\Users\lvyi\Walterlv.Demo codebase based on best match to current usage at 2018/11/20 # You can modify the rules from these initially generated values to suit your own policies # You can learn more about editorconfig here: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/visualstudio/ide/editorconfig-code-style-settings-reference [*.cs] #Core editorconfig formatting - indentation #use soft tabs (spaces) for indentation indent_style = space #Formatting - indentation options #indent switch case contents. csharp_indent_case_contents = true #csharp_indent_case_contents_when_block csharp_indent_case_contents_when_block = false #indent switch labels csharp_indent_switch_labels = true #Formatting - new line options #place catch statements on a new line csharp_new_line_before_catch = true #place else statements on a new line csharp_new_line_before_else = true #require finally statements to be on a new line after the closing brace csharp_new_line_before_finally = true #require braces to be on a new line for methods, accessors, control_blocks, lambdas, properties, and types (also known as "Allman" style) csharp_new_line_before_open_brace = methods, accessors, control_blocks, lambdas, properties, types #Formatting - organize using options #sort System.* using directives alphabetically, and place them before other usings dotnet_sort_system_directives_first = true #Formatting - spacing options #require a space before the colon for bases or interfaces in a type declaration csharp_space_after_colon_in_inheritance_clause = true #require a space after a keyword in a control flow statement such as a for loop csharp_space_after_keywords_in_control_flow_statements = true #require a space before the colon for bases or interfaces in a type declaration csharp_space_before_colon_in_inheritance_clause = true #remove space within empty argument list parentheses csharp_space_between_method_call_empty_parameter_list_parentheses = false #remove space between method call name and opening parenthesis csharp_space_between_method_call_name_and_opening_parenthesis = false #do not place space characters after the opening parenthesis and before the closing parenthesis of a method call csharp_space_between_method_call_parameter_list_parentheses = false #remove space within empty parameter list parentheses for a method declaration csharp_space_between_method_declaration_empty_parameter_list_parentheses = false #place a space character after the opening parenthesis and before the closing parenthesis of a method declaration parameter list. csharp_space_between_method_declaration_parameter_list_parentheses = false #Formatting - wrapping options #leave code block on single line csharp_preserve_single_line_blocks = true #leave statements and member declarations on the same line csharp_preserve_single_line_statements = true #Style - expression bodied member options #prefer block bodies for accessors csharp_style_expression_bodied_accessors = false:suggestion #prefer block bodies for constructors csharp_style_expression_bodied_constructors = false:suggestion #prefer block bodies for indexers csharp_style_expression_bodied_indexers = false:suggestion #prefer block bodies for methods csharp_style_expression_bodied_methods = false:suggestion #prefer block bodies for properties csharp_style_expression_bodied_properties = false:suggestion #Style - expression level options #prefer out variables to be declared before the method call csharp_style_inlined_variable_declaration = false:suggestion #prefer the language keyword for member access expressions, instead of the type name, for types that have a keyword to represent them dotnet_style_predefined_type_for_member_access = true:suggestion #Style - implicit and explicit types #prefer var is used to declare variables with built-in system types such as int csharp_style_var_for_built_in_types = true:suggestion #prefer var when the type is already mentioned on the right-hand side of a declaration expression csharp_style_var_when_type_is_apparent = true:suggestion #Style - language keyword and framework type options #prefer the language keyword for local variables, method parameters, and class members, instead of the type name, for types that have a keyword to represent them dotnet_style_predefined_type_for_locals_parameters_members = true:suggestion #Style - qualification options #prefer events not to be prefaced with this. or Me. in Visual Basic dotnet_style_qualification_for_event = false:suggestion #prefer fields not to be prefaced with this. or Me. in Visual Basic dotnet_style_qualification_for_field = false:suggestion #prefer methods not to be prefaced with this. or Me. in Visual Basic dotnet_style_qualification_for_method = false:suggestion #prefer properties not to be prefaced with this. or Me. in Visual Basic dotnet_style_qualification_for_property = false:suggestion
参考资料
- Using EditorConfig settings in Visual Studio - Visual Studio - Microsoft Docs
- .NET coding convention settings For EditorConfig - Visual Studio - Microsoft Docs
本文会经常更新,请阅读原文: https://walterlv.com/post/editor-config-for-visual-studio.html ,以避免陈旧错误知识的误导,同时有更好的阅读体验。
本作品采用 知识共享署名-非商业性使用-相同方式共享 4.0 国际许可协议 进行许可。欢迎转载、使用、重新发布,但务必保留文章署名 吕毅 (包含链接:https://walterlv.com ),不得用于商业目的,基于本文修改后的作品务必以相同的许可发布。如有任何疑问,请 与我联系 (walter.lv@qq.com) 。
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