flask 学习笔记

栏目: Python · 发布时间: 7年前

内容简介：由于它们是相当通用的，因此Flask-Login提供了一个å«做UserMixin的mixin类来将它们归纳其中

整体目录

os_basic
├── app
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── forms.py
│   ├── routes.py
│   └── templates
│       ├── base.html
│       ├── index.html
│       └── login.html
├── config.py
└── index.py

app/templates/index.html

{% extends "base.html" %}
{% block content %}
    <h1>hello, {{ user.username }}</h1>
    {% for post in posts %}
    <div><p>{{ post.author.username }} says: <b>{{ post.body }}</b></p></div>
    {% endfor %}
{% endblock %}

app/index.py

from app import app


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(
        host='0.0.0.0',
        port=8080,
        debug=True
    )

表单 flask form

pip install flask-wtf

在工程根目录新建 config.py

import os


class Config(object):
    SECRET_KEY = os.environ.get('SECRET_KEY') or 'my-secret'

在子项目编辑 app/init.py

from flask import Flask
from config import Config

app = Flask(__name__)
app.config.from_object(Config)

from app import routes

声明一个 app/forms.py

from flask_wtf import FlaskForm
from wtforms import StringField, PasswordField, BooleanField, SubmitField
from wtforms.validators import DataRequired

class LoginForm(FlaskForm):
    username = StringField('Username', validators=[DataRequired()])
    password = PasswordField('Password', validators=[DataRequired()])
    remember_me = BooleanField('Remember Me')
    submit = SubmitField('Sign In')

加载表单 app/templates/base.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    {% if title %}
    <title>{{ title }}</title>
    {% else %}
    <title>default - title</title>
    {% endif %}
</head>
<body>
    <div>
        Index: <a href="{{ url_for('index') }}">Index</a><br />
        Login: <a href="{{ url_for('login') }}">Login</a>
    </div>
    <hr />
    {% with messages = get_flashed_messages() %}
        {% if messages %}
        <ul>
            {% for message in messages %}
            <li>{{ message }}</li>
            {% endfor %}
        </ul>
        {% endif %}
        {% endwith %}
    {% block content %}{% endblock %}
</body>
</html>

加载表单 app/templates/login.html

{% extends "base.html" %}

{% block content %}
    <h1>Sign In</h1>
    <form action="" method="post" novalidate>
        {{ form.hidden_tag() }}
        <p>
            {{ form.username.label }}<br>
            {{ form.username(size=32) }}<br>
            {% for error in form.username.errors %}
            <span style="color: red;">[{{ error }}]</span>
            {% endfor %}
        </p>
        <p>
            {{ form.password.label }}<br>
            {{ form.password(size=32) }}<br>
            {% for error in form.password.errors %}
            <span style="color: red;">[{{ error }}]</span>
            {% endfor %}
        </p>
        <p>{{ form.remember_me() }} {{ form.remember_me.label }}</p>
        <p>{{ form.submit() }}</p>
    </form>
{% endblock %}

from flask import render_template, flash, redirect, url_for
from app import app
from app.forms import LoginForm


@app.route('/login', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def login():
    form = LoginForm()
    if form.validate_on_submit():
        flash('Login requested for user {}, remember_me={}'.format(
            form.username.data, form.remember_me.data))
        return redirect(url_for('index'))
    return render_template('login.html', title='Sign In', form=form)


@app.route('/')
@app.route('/index')
def index():
    user = {'username': 'lhh'}
    posts = [
        {
            'author': {'username': 'user01'},
            'body': 'user01 - body'
        },
        {
            'author': {'username': 'user02'},
            'body': 'user02 - body'
        }
    ]
    return render_template('index.html', title='Home', user=user, posts=posts)

pip install flask-sqlalchemy flask-migrate

config.py

import os
basedir = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__))  # 增加项


class Config(object):
    SECRET_KEY = os.environ.get('SECRET_KEY') or 'my-secret'
    SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI = os.environ.get('DATABASE_URL') or \  # 增加项
        'sqlite:///' + os.path.join(basedir, 'app.db')
    SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS = False  # 增加项

app/init.py

from flask import Flask
from config import Config

from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy  # 增加项
from flask_migrate import Migrate  # 增加项

app = Flask(__name__)
app.config.from_object(Config)

db = SQLAlchemy(app)  # 增加项
migrate = Migrate(app, db)  # 增加项

from app import routes, models

app/models.py

from datetime import datetime
from app import db


class User(db.Model):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    username = db.Column(db.String(64), index=True, unique=True)
    email = db.Column(db.String(120), index=True, unique=True)
    password_hash = db.Column(db.String(128))
    posts = db.relationship('Post', backref='author', lazy='dynamic')

    def __repr__(self):
        return '<User {}>'.format(self.username)


class Post(db.Model):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    body = db.Column(db.String(140))
    timestamp = db.Column(db.DateTime, index=True, default=datetime.utcnow)
    user_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('user.id'))

    def __repr__(self):
        return '<Post {}>'.format(self.body)

执行数据库命令

# 创建数据库迁移存储库, 生成migrations目录
# FLASK_APP=index.py
flask db init
# 第一次数据库迁移, 生成迁移脚本
flask db migrate -m "users table"
# 回滚操作(开发时候应用)
flask db downgrade
# 把应用更改到数据库
flask db upgrade

python 交互操作数据库

# 导入数据库实例
>>> from app import db
# 导入模型
>>> from app.models import User, Post
# 创建一个新用户
>>> u = User(username='user01', email='user01@qq.com')
>>> db.session.add(u)
>>> db.session.commit()
# 查询所有用户
>>> users = User.query.all()
>>> users
[<User user01>]
>>> for user in users:
...     print(user.id, user.username)
...
1 user01
>>> u = User.query.get(1)
>>> u
<User user01>
>>> p = Post(body='1-post', author=u)
>>> db.session.add(p)
>>> db.session.commit()
# 查所有
>>> posts = u.posts.all()
>>> posts
[<Post 1-post>]
>>> for post in posts:
...     print(post.id, post.author.username, post.body)
...
1 user01 1-post
# 排序
>>> User.query.order_by(User.username.desc()).all()
[<User user01>]
# 删所有
>>> users = User.query.all()
>>> for u in users:
...     db.session.delete(u)
...
>>> posts = Post.query.all()
>>> for post in posts:
...     db.session.delete(post)
...
>>> db.session.commit()

shell 上下文 index.py

# export FLASK_APP=index.py
from app import app, db  # 增加项
from app.models import User, Post  # 增加项


@app.shell_context_processor  # 增加项
def make_shell_context():  # 增加项
    return {'db': db, 'User': User, 'Post': Post}  # 增加项


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(
        host='0.0.0.0',
        port=8080,
        debug=True
    )

# flask shell
Python 3.7.0 (default, Oct  2 2018, 09:18:58)
[Clang 10.0.0 (clang-1000.11.45.2)] on darwin
App: app [production]
Instance: /Users/lhh/vdir/initial/py/os_basic/instance
>>> db
<SQLAlchemy engine=sqlite:////Users/lhh/vdir/initial/py/os_basic/app.db>
>>> User
<class 'app.models.User'>
>>> Post
<class 'app.models.Post'>

用户登录

密码哈希

>>> from werkzeug.security import generate_password_hash
>>> hash = generate_password_hash('string')
>>> hash
'pbkdf2:sha256:50000$OB1szOsd$634688cdbb02a04643127ed02bf20049ba6c2a20beb632490cfd065ba8a113fb'
>>> from werkzeug.security import check_password_hash
>>> check_password_hash(hash, 'string')  # 验证
True
>>> check_password_hash(hash, 'string1')
False

app/models.py

from werkzeug.security import generate_password_hash, check_password_hash

# ...

class User(db.Model):
    # ...

    def set_password(self, password):
        self.password_hash = generate_password_hash(password)

    def check_password(self, password):
        return check_password_hash(self.password_hash, password)

flask-login

pip install flask-login

app/init.py

from flask import Flask
from config import Config

from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
from flask_migrate import Migrate

from flask_login import LoginManager  # 增加项

app = Flask(__name__)
app.config.from_object(Config)

db = SQLAlchemy(app)
migrate = Migrate(app, db)

login = LoginManager(app)  # 增加项

from app import routes, models

flask-login 准备用户模型

is_authenticated: 一个用来表示用户是否通过登录认证的属性，用True和False表示。
is_active: 如果用户账户是活跃的，那么这个属性是True，否则就是False（译者注：活跃用户的定义是该用户的登录状态是否通过用户名密码登录，通过“记住我”功能保持登录状态的用户是非活跃的）。
is_anonymous: 常规用户的该属性是False，对特定的匿名用户是True。
get_id(): 返回用户的唯一id的方法，返回值类型是字符串(Python 2下返回unicode字符串).

由于它们是相当通用的，因此Flask-Login提供了一个å«做UserMixin的mixin类来将它们归纳其中

app/models.py

# ...
from flask_login import UserMixin

class User(UserMixin, db.Model):
    # ...

用户加载函数 app/models.py

from app import login


# 使用Flask-Login的@login.user_loader装饰器来为用户加载功能注册函数。 Flask-Login将字符串类型的参数id传入用户加载函数，因此使用数字ID的数据库需要如上所示地将字符串转换为整数。
@login.user_loader
def load_user(id):
    return User.query.get(int(id))

用户登入 app/routes.py

from flask_login import current_user, login_user # 增加项
from app.models import User # 增加项


@app.route('/login', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def login():
    if current_user.is_authenticated:  # 如有有用户登录, 导航到 index
        return redirect(url_for('index'))
    form = LoginForm()
    if form.validate_on_submit():
        user = User.query.filter_by(username=form.username.data).first()
        if user is None or not user.check_password(form.password.data):
            flash('Invalid username or password')
            return redirect(url_for('login'))
        login_user(user, remember=form.remember_me.data)
        # flash('Login requested for user {}, remember_me={}'.format(
        #     form.username.data, form.remember_me.data))
        return redirect(url_for('index'))
    return render_template('login.html', title='Sign In', form=form)

用户登出 app/routes.py

from flask_login import logout_user


@app.route('/logout')
def logout():
    logout_user()
    return redirect(url_for('index'))

模版 app/templates/base.html

<div>
        Index: <a href="{{ url_for('index') }}">Index</a>
        {% if current_user. is_anonymous %}
        Login: <a href="{{ url_for('login') }}">Login</a>
        {% else %}
        Logout: <a href="{{ url_for('logout') }}">Logout</a>
        {% endif %}
    </div>

要求用户登录

app/init.py

login = LoginManager(app)
login.login_view = 'login'  # 值是登录视图函数（endpoint）名，换句话说该名称可用于url_for()函数的参数并返回对应的URL

app/routes.py

# 使用名为@login_required的装饰器来拒绝匿名用户的访问以保护某个视图函数
from flask_login import login_required

@app.route('/')
@app.route('/index')
@login_required
def index():
    # ...

处理next查询字符串参数 app/routes.py

如果登录URL中不含next参数，那么将会重定向到本应用的主页。
如果登录URL中包含next参数，其值是一个相对路径（换句话说，该URL不含域名信息），那么将会重定向到本应用的这个相对路径。
如果登录URL中包含next参数，其值是一个包含域名的完整URL，那么重定向到本应用的主页。

from flask import request
from werkzeug.urls import url_parse


@app.route('/login', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def login():
    if current_user.is_authenticated:
        return redirect(url_for('index'))
    form = LoginForm()
    if form.validate_on_submit():
        user = User.query.filter_by(username=form.username.data).first()
        if user is None or not user.check_password(form.password.data):
            flash('Invalid username or password')
            return redirect(url_for('login'))
        login_user(user, remember=form.remember_me.data)
        next_page = request.args.get('next') # 增加项
        if not next_page or url_parse(next_page).netloc != '': # 增加项
            next_page = url_for('index') # 增加项
        return redirect(next_page) # 增加项
        # flash('Login requested for user {}, remember_me={}'.format(
        #     form.username.data, form.remember_me.data))
        # return redirect(url_for('index'))
    return render_template('login.html', title='Sign In', form=form)

模版中显示已登录的用户 app/templates/index.html

{% extends "base.html" %}
{% block content %}
    <h1>hello, {{ current_user.username }}</h1>
    {% for post in posts %}
    <div><p>{{ post.author.username }} says: <b>{{ post.body }}</b></p></div>
    {% endfor %}
{% endblock %}

在模版函数中删除 user: app/routes.py

@app.route('/')
@app.route('/index')
@login_required
def index():
    # ...
    return render_template("index.html", title='Home Page', posts=posts)

手动添加一个用户, 相当于注册

# flask shell
>>> u = User(username='user01', email='user01@qq.com')
>>> u.set_password('1234567')
>>> db.session.add(u)
>>> db.session.commit()

用户注册

app/forms.py

from flask_wtf import FlaskForm
from wtforms import StringField, PasswordField, BooleanField, SubmitField
from wtforms.validators import ValidationError, DataRequired, Email, EqualTo
from app.models import User


class RegistrationForm(FlaskForm):
    username = StringField('Username', validators=[DataRequired()])
    email = StringField('Email', validators=[DataRequired(), Email()])
    password = PasswordField('Password', validators=[DataRequired()])
    password2 = PasswordField(
        'Repeat Password', validators=[DataRequired(), EqualTo('password')])
    submit = SubmitField('Register')

    def validate_username(self, username):
        user = User.query.filter_by(username=username.data).first()
        if user is not None:
            raise ValidationError('Please use a different username.')

    def validate_email(self, email):
        user = User.query.filter_by(email=email.data).first()
        if user is not None:
            raise ValidationError('Please use a different email address.')

app/template/register.html

{% extends "base.html" %}

{% block content %}
    <h1>Register</h1>
    <form action="" method="post">
        {{ form.hidden_tag() }}
        <p>
            {{ form.username.label }}<br>
            {{ form.username(size=32) }}<br>
            {% for error in form.username.errors %}
            <span style="color: red;">[{{ error }}]</span>
            {% endfor %}
        </p>
        <p>
            {{ form.email.label }}<br>
            {{ form.email(size=64) }}<br>
            {% for error in form.email.errors %}
            <span style="color: red;">[{{ error }}]</span>
            {% endfor %}
        </p>
        <p>
            {{ form.password.label }}<br>
            {{ form.password(size=32) }}<br>
            {% for error in form.password.errors %}
            <span style="color: red;">[{{ error }}]</span>
            {% endfor %}
        </p>
        <p>
            {{ form.password2.label }}<br>
            {{ form.password2(size=32) }}<br>
            {% for error in form.password2.errors %}
            <span style="color: red;">[{{ error }}]</span>
            {% endfor %}
        </p>
        <p>{{ form.submit() }}</p>
    </form>
{% endblock %}

app/templates/login.html

{% extends "base.html" %}

{% block content %}
    <h1>Sign In</h1>
    <form action="" method="post" novalidate>
        {{ form.hidden_tag() }}
        <p>
            {{ form.username.label }}<br>
            {{ form.username(size=32) }}<br>
            {% for error in form.username.errors %}
            <span style="color: red;">[{{ error }}]</span>
            {% endfor %}
        </p>
        <p>
            {{ form.password.label }}<br>
            {{ form.password(size=32) }}<br>
            {% for error in form.password.errors %}
            <span style="color: red;">[{{ error }}]</span>
            {% endfor %}
        </p>
        <p>{{ form.remember_me() }} {{ form.remember_me.label }}</p>
        <p>{{ form.submit() }}</p>
    </form>
    <p>New User? <a href="{{ url_for('register') }}">Click to Register!</a></p> # 增加注册
{% endblock %}

app/template/routes.py

from app import db
from app.forms import RegistrationForm

# ...

@app.route('/register', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def register():
    if current_user.is_authenticated:
        return redirect(url_for('index'))
    form = RegistrationForm()
    if form.validate_on_submit():
        user = User(username=form.username.data, email=form.email.data)
        user.set_password(form.password.data)
        db.session.add(user)
        db.session.commit()
        flash('Congratulations, you are now a registered user!')
        return redirect(url_for('login'))
    return render_template('register.html', title='Register', form=form)

个人主页和头像

个人主页

app/routes.py

@app.route('/user/<username>')
@login_required
def user(username):
    user = User.query.filter_by(username=username).first_or_404()
    posts = [
        {'author': user, 'body': 'Test post #1'},
        {'author': user, 'body': 'Test post #2'}
    ]
    return render_template('user.html', user=user, posts=posts)

app/templates/user.html

{% extends "base.html" %}

{% block content %}
    <h1>User: {{ user.username }}</h1>
    <hr />
    {% for post in posts %}
    <p>
    {{ post.author.username }} says: <b>{{ post.body }}</b>
    </p>
    {% endfor %}
{% endblock %}

app/templates/base.html

<div>
        Index: <a href="{{ url_for('index') }}">Index</a>
        {% if current_user.is_anonymous %}
        Login: <a href="{{ url_for('login') }}">Login</a>
        {% else %}
        Profile: <a href="{{ url_for('user', username=current_user.username ) }}">Profile</a>
        Logout: <a href="{{ url_for('logout') }}">Logout</a>
        {% endif %}
    </div>

Gravatar头像

>>> from hashlib import md5
>>> 'https://www.gravatar.com/avatar/' + md5(b'sma.flirt@gmail.com').hexdigest()
'https://www.gravatar.com/avatar/98d1c884548d73ac4f55cb23bd4af8d8'

头像链接 80X80 https://www.gravatar.com/avatar/98d1c884548d73ac4f55cb23bd4af8d8
头像链接 128X128 https://www.gravatar.com/avatar/98d1c884548d73ac4f55cb23bd4af8d8?s=128

app/modules.py

from hashlib import md5
# ...

class User(UserMixin, db.Model):
    # ...
    def avatar(self, size):
        digest = md5(self.email.lower().encode('utf-8')).hexdigest()
        # 对于没有注册头像的用户，将生成“identicon”类的随机图片
        return 'https://www.gravatar.com/avatar/{}?d=identicon&s={}'.format(
            digest, size)

app/templates/user.html

{% extends "base.html" %}

{% block content %}
    <table>
        <tr valign="top">
            <td><img src="{{ user.avatar(128) }}"></td>
            <td><h1>User: {{ user.username }}</h1></td>
        </tr>
    </table>
    <hr>
    {% for post in posts %}
    <table>
        <tr valign="top">
            <td><img src="{{ post.author.avatar(36) }}"></td>
            <td>{{ post.author.username }} says:<br>{{ post.body }}</td>
        </tr>
    </table>
    {% endfor %}
{% endblock %}

个人资料编辑

app/forms.py

from wtforms import StringField, TextAreaField, SubmitField
from wtforms.validators import DataRequired, Length

# ...

class EditProfileForm(FlaskForm):
    username = StringField('Username', validators=[DataRequired()])
    about_me = TextAreaField('About me', validators=[Length(min=0, max=140)])
    submit = SubmitField('Submit')

app/templates/edit_profile.html

{% extends "base.html" %}

{% block content %}
    <h1>Edit Profile</h1>
    <form action="" method="post">
        {{ form.hidden_tag() }}
        <p>
            {{ form.username.label }}<br>
            {{ form.username(size=32) }}<br>
            {% for error in form.username.errors %}
            <span style="color: red;">[{{ error }}]</span>
            {% endfor %}
        </p>
        <p>
            {{ form.about_me.label }}<br>
            {{ form.about_me(cols=50, rows=4) }}<br>
            {% for error in form.about_me.errors %}
            <span style="color: red;">[{{ error }}]</span>
            {% endfor %}
        </p>
        <p>{{ form.submit() }}</p>
    </form>
{% endblock %}

app/routes.py

from app.forms import EditProfileForm

@app.route('/edit_profile', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
@login_required
def edit_profile():
    form = EditProfileForm()
    if form.validate_on_submit():
        current_user.username = form.username.data
        current_user.about_me = form.about_me.data
        db.session.commit()
        flash('Your changes have been saved.')
        return redirect(url_for('edit_profile'))
    elif request.method == 'GET':
        form.username.data = current_user.username
        form.about_me.data = current_user.about_me
    return render_template('edit_profile.html', title='Edit Profile',
                           form=form)

错误处理

app/errors.py

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# vim:fenc=utf-8
# Create Time: 2018-11-15 10:33:24
# Last Modified: 2018-11-15 10:33:45

from flask import render_template
from app import app, db


@app.errorhandler(404)
def not_found_error(error):
    return render_template('404.html'), 404


@app.errorhandler(500)
def internal_error(error):
    db.session.rollback()
    return render_template('500.html'), 500

app/templates/404.html

{% extends "base.html" %}

{% block content %}
    <h1>File Not Found</h1>
    <p><a href="{{ url_for('index') }}">Back</a></p>
{% endblock %}

app/templates/500.html

{% extends "base.html" %}

{% block content %}
    <h1>An unexpected error has occurred</h1>
    <p>The administrator has been notified. Sorry for the inconvenience!</p>
    <p><a href="{{ url_for('index') }}">Back</a></p>
{% endblock %}

使用邮件发送错误日志, 日志记录到文件中

config.py

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# vim:fenc=utf-8
# Create Time: 2018-11-14 11:18:47
# Last Modified: 2018-11-15 10:42:24

import os
basedir = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__))


class Config(object):
    SECRET_KEY = os.environ.get('SECRET_KEY') or 'my-secret'
    SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI = os.environ.get('DATABASE_URL') or \
        'sqlite:///' + os.path.join(basedir, 'app.db')
    SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS = False
    MAIL_SERVER = os.environ.get('MAIL_SERVER') or "smtp.email.com"
    MAIL_PORT = int(os.environ.get('MAIL_PORT') or 25)
    # MAIL_USE_TLS = os.environ.get('MAIL_USE_TLS') is not None
    MAIL_USE_TLS = 0
    MAIL_USERNAME = os.environ.get('MAIL_USERNAME') or "username@"
    MAIL_PASSWORD = os.environ.get('MAIL_PASSWORD') or "password"
    ADMINS = ['i@liuhonghe.me']

app/init.py

import logging
from logging.handlers import SMTPHandler
from logging.handlers import RotatingFileHandler
import os
# ...

if not app.debug:
    if app.config['MAIL_SERVER']:
        auth = None
        if app.config['MAIL_USERNAME'] or app.config['MAIL_PASSWORD']:
            auth = (app.config['MAIL_USERNAME'], app.config['MAIL_PASSWORD'])
        secure = None
        if app.config['MAIL_USE_TLS']:
            secure = ()
        mail_handler = SMTPHandler(
            mailhost=(app.config['MAIL_SERVER'], app.config['MAIL_PORT']),
            fromaddr='no-reply@' + app.config['MAIL_SERVER'],
            toaddrs=app.config['ADMINS'], subject='Microblog Failure',
            credentials=auth, secure=secure)
        mail_handler.setLevel(logging.ERROR)
        app.logger.addHandler(mail_handler)
    os.makedirs('logs', exist_ok=True)
    file_handler = RotatingFileHandler('logs/os_basic.log', maxBytes=10240,
                                       backupCount=10)
    file_handler.setFormatter(logging.Formatter(
        '%(asctime)s %(levelname)s: %(message)s [in %(pathname)s:%(lineno)d]'))
    file_handler.setLevel(logging.INFO)
    app.logger.addHandler(file_handler)

    app.logger.setLevel(logging.INFO)
    app.logger.info('os_basic startup')

from app import routes, models, errors

修复用户名重复的 bug

app/forms.py

class EditProfileForm(FlaskForm):
    username = StringField('Username', validators=[DataRequired()])
    about_me = TextAreaField('About me', validators=[Length(min=0, max=140)])
    submit = SubmitField('Submit')

    def __init__(self, original_username, *args, **kwargs):
        super(EditProfileForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        self.original_username = original_username

    def validate_username(self, username):
        if username.data != self.original_username:
            user = User.query.filter_by(username=self.username.data).first()
            if user is not None:
                raise ValidationError('Please use a different username.')

app/routes.py

@app.route('/edit_profile', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
@login_required
def edit_profile():
    form = EditProfileForm(current_user.username)
    # ...

邮件支持

pipenv install flask-mail pyjwt

app/init.py

# ...
from flask_mail import Mail

app = Flask(__name__)
# ...
mail = Mail(app)

app/email.py

from flask_mail import Message
from app import mail

def send_email(subject, sender, recipients, text_body, html_body):
    msg = Message(subject, sender=sender, recipients=recipients)
    msg.body = text_body
    msg.html = html_body
    mail.send(msg)

app/templates/login.html

....
    <p>New User? <a href="{{ url_for('register') }}">Click to Register!</a></p>
    <p>
        Forgot Your Password?
        <a href="{{ url_for('reset_password_request') }}">Click to Reset It</a>
    </p>
{% endblock %}

app/forms.py

class ResetPasswordRequestForm(FlaskForm):
    email = StringField('Email', validators=[DataRequired(), Email()])
    submit = SubmitField('Request Password Reset')

app/templates/reset_password_request.html

{% extends "base.html" %}

{% block content %}
    <h1>Reset Password</h1>
    <form action="" method="post">
        {{ form.hidden_tag() }}
        <p>
            {{ form.email.label }}<br>
            {{ form.email(size=64) }}<br>
            {% for error in form.email.errors %}
            <span style="color: red;">[{{ error }}]</span>
            {% endfor %}
        </p>
        <p>{{ form.submit() }}</p>
    </form>
{% endblock %}

app/routes.py

from app.forms import ResetPasswordRequestForm
from app.email import send_password_reset_email

@app.route('/reset_password_request', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def reset_password_request():
    if current_user.is_authenticated:
        return redirect(url_for('index'))
    form = ResetPasswordRequestForm()
    if form.validate_on_submit():
        user = User.query.filter_by(email=form.email.data).first()
        if user:
            send_password_reset_email(user)
        flash('Check your email for the instructions to reset your password')
        return redirect(url_for('login'))
    return render_template('reset_password_request.html',
                           title='Reset Password', form=form)

app/models.py

from time import time
import jwt
from app import app

class User(UserMixin, db.Model):
    # ...

    def get_reset_password_token(self, expires_in=600):
        return jwt.encode(
            {'reset_password': self.id, 'exp': time() + expires_in},
            app.config['SECRET_KEY'], algorithm='HS256').decode('utf-8')

    @staticmethod
    def verify_reset_password_token(token):
        try:
            id = jwt.decode(token, app.config['SECRET_KEY'],
                            algorithms=['HS256'])['reset_password']
        except:
            return
        return User.query.get(id)

app/email.py

from flask import render_template
from app import app

# ...

def send_password_reset_email(user):
    token = user.get_reset_password_token()
    send_email('[Microblog] Reset Your Password',
               sender=app.config['ADMINS'][0],
               recipients=[user.email],
               text_body=render_template('email/reset_password.txt',
                                         user=user, token=token),
               html_body=render_template('email/reset_password.html',
                                         user=user, token=token))

app/templates/email/reset_password.txt

Dear {{ user.username }},

To reset your password click on the following link:

{{ url_for('reset_password', token=token, _external=True) }}

If you have not requested a password reset simply ignore this message.

Sincerely,

The Microblog Team

app/templates/email/reset_password.html

<p>Dear {{ user.username }},</p>
<p>
    To reset your password
    <a href="{{ url_for('reset_password', token=token, _external=True) }}">
        click here
    </a>.
</p>
<p>Alternatively, you can paste the following link in your browser's address bar:</p>
<p>{{ url_for('reset_password', token=token, _external=True) }}</p>
<p>If you have not requested a password reset simply ignore this message.</p>
<p>Sincerely,</p>
<p>The Microblog Team</p>

app/routes.py

from app.forms import ResetPasswordForm

@app.route('/reset_password/<token>', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def reset_password(token):
    if current_user.is_authenticated:
        return redirect(url_for('index'))
    user = User.verify_reset_password_token(token)
    if not user:
        return redirect(url_for('index'))
    form = ResetPasswordForm()
    if form.validate_on_submit():
        user.set_password(form.password.data)
        db.session.commit()
        flash('Your password has been reset.')
        return redirect(url_for('login'))
    return render_template('reset_password.html', form=form)

app/forms.py

class ResetPasswordForm(FlaskForm):
    password = PasswordField('Password', validators=[DataRequired()])
    password2 = PasswordField(
        'Repeat Password', validators=[DataRequired(), EqualTo('password')])
    submit = SubmitField('Request Password Reset')

app/templates/reset_password.html

{% extends "base.html" %}

{% block content %}
    <h1>Reset Your Password</h1>
    <form action="" method="post">
        {{ form.hidden_tag() }}
        <p>
            {{ form.password.label }}<br>
            {{ form.password(size=32) }}<br>
            {% for error in form.password.errors %}
            <span style="color: red;">[{{ error }}]</span>
            {% endfor %}
        </p>
        <p>
            {{ form.password2.label }}<br>
            {{ form.password2(size=32) }}<br>
            {% for error in form.password2.errors %}
            <span style="color: red;">[{{ error }}]</span>
            {% endfor %}
        </p>
        <p>{{ form.submit() }}</p>
    </form>
{% endblock %}

异步电子邮件 app/email.py

from threading import Thread


def send_async_email(app, msg):
    with app.app_context():
        mail.send(msg)


def send_email(subject, sender, recipients, text_body, html_body):
    msg = Message(subject, sender=sender, recipients=recipients)
    msg.body = text_body
    msg.html = html_body
    # mail.send(msg)
    Thread(target=send_async_email, args=(app, msg)).start()

以上就是本文的全部内容，希望本文的内容对大家的学习或者工作能带来一定的帮助，也希望大家多多支持码农网

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flask 学习笔记

整体目录

app/templates/index.html

app/index.py

表单 flask form

在工程根目录新建 config.py

在子项目编辑 app/__init__.py

声明一个 app/forms.py

加载表单 app/templates/base.html

加载表单 app/templates/login.html

config.py

app/__init__.py

app/models.py

执行数据库命令

python 交互操作数据库

shell 上下文 index.py

用户登录

密码哈希

app/models.py

flask-login

app/__init__.py

flask-login 准备用户模型

app/models.py

用户加载函数 app/models.py

用户登入 app/routes.py

用户登出 app/routes.py

模版 app/templates/base.html

要求用户登录

app/init.py

app/routes.py

处理next查询字符串参数 app/routes.py

模版中显示已登录的用户 app/templates/index.html

在模版函数中删除 user: app/routes.py

手动添加一个用户, 相当于注册

用户注册

app/forms.py

app/template/register.html

app/templates/login.html

app/template/routes.py

个人主页和头像

个人主页

app/routes.py

app/templates/user.html

app/templates/base.html

Gravatar头像

app/modules.py

app/templates/user.html

更多个人资料

app/models.py

执行数据库更改

app/templates/user.html

app/routes.py

个人资料编辑

app/forms.py

app/templates/edit_profile.html

app/routes.py

错误处理

app/errors.py

app/templates/404.html

app/templates/500.html

使用邮件发送错误日志, 日志记录到文件中

config.py

app/__init__.py

修复用户名重复的 bug

app/forms.py

app/routes.py

邮件支持

app/__init__.py

app/email.py

app/templates/login.html

app/forms.py

app/templates/reset_password_request.html

app/routes.py

app/models.py

app/email.py

app/templates/email/reset_password.txt

app/templates/email/reset_password.html

app/routes.py

app/forms.py

app/templates/reset_password.html

在子项目编辑 app/init.py

app/init.py

app/init.py

app/init.py

app/init.py