内容简介:iOS中的通知包括本地推送通知是由本地应用触发的,是基于时间的通知形式,一般用于闹钟定时、待办事项等提醒功能。发送本地推送通知的大体步骤如下:(1)注册本地通知;
iOS中的通知包括 本地推送通知 和 远程推送通知 ,两者在iOS系统中都可以通过弹出横幅的形式来提醒用户,点击横幅会打开应用。在iOS 10及之后版本的系统中,还支持通知扩展功能( UNNotificationServiceExtension、UNNotificationContentExtension
),下面就来详细介绍iOS推送通知的相关功能及操作。
一、本地推送通知
本地推送通知是由本地应用触发的,是基于时间的通知形式,一般用于闹钟定时、待办事项等提醒功能。发送本地推送通知的大体步骤如下:
(1)注册本地通知;
(2)创建本地通知相关变量,并初始化;
(3)设置处理通知的时间 fireDate
;
(4)设置通知的内容:通知标题、通知声音、图标数字等;
(5)设置通知传递的参数 userInfo
,该字典内容可自定义(可选);
(6)添加这个本地通知到 UNUserNotificationCenter
。
1. 注册本地推送通知
- (void)sendLocalNotification { NSString *title = @"通知-title"; NSString *sutitle = @"通知-subtitle"; NSString *body = @"通知-body"; NSInteger badge = 1; NSInteger timeInteval = 5; NSDictionary *userInfo = @{@"id": @"LOCAL_NOTIFY_SCHEDULE_ID"}; if (@available(iOS 10.0, *)) { // 1.创建通知内容 UNMutableNotificationContent *content = [[UNMutableNotificationContent alloc] init]; [content setValue:@(YES) forKeyPath:@"shouldAlwaysAlertWhileAppIsForeground"]; content.sound = [UNNotificationSound defaultSound]; content.title = title; content.subtitle = subtitle; content.body = body; content.badge = @(badge); content.userInfo = userInfo; // 2.设置通知附件内容 NSError *error = nil; NSString *path = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"logo_img_02@2x" ofType:@"png"]; UNNotificationAttachment *att = [UNNotificationAttachment attachmentWithIdentifier:@"att1" URL:[NSURL fileURLWithPath:path] options:nil error:&error]; if (error) { NSLog(@"attachment error %@", error); } content.attachments = @[att]; content.launchImageName = @"icon_certification_status1@2x"; // 3.设置声音 UNNotificationSound *sound = [UNNotificationSound soundNamed:@"sound01.wav"];// [UNNotificationSound defaultSound]; content.sound = sound; // 4.触发模式 UNTimeIntervalNotificationTrigger *trigger = [UNTimeIntervalNotificationTrigger triggerWithTimeInterval:timeInteval repeats:NO]; // 5.设置UNNotificationRequest UNNotificationRequest *request = [UNNotificationRequest requestWithIdentifier:LocalNotiReqIdentifer content:content trigger:trigger]; // 6.把通知加到UNUserNotificationCenter, 到指定触发点会被触发 [[UNUserNotificationCenter currentNotificationCenter] addNotificationRequest:request withCompletionHandler:^(NSError * _Nullable error) { }]; } else { UILocalNotification *localNotification = [[UILocalNotification alloc] init]; // 1.设置触发时间(如果要立即触发,无需设置) localNotification.timeZone = [NSTimeZone defaultTimeZone]; localNotification.fireDate = [NSDate dateWithTimeIntervalSinceNow:5]; // 2.设置通知标题 localNotification.alertBody = title; // 3.设置通知动作按钮的标题 localNotification.alertAction = @"查看"; // 4.设置提醒的声音 localNotification.soundName = @"sound01.wav";// UILocalNotificationDefaultSoundName; // 5.设置通知的 传递的userInfo localNotification.userInfo = userInfo; // 6.在规定的日期触发通知 [[UIApplication sharedApplication] scheduleLocalNotification:localNotification]; // 7.立即触发一个通知 //[[UIApplication sharedApplication] presentLocalNotificationNow:localNotification]; } } 复制代码
2. 取消本地推送通知
- (void)cancelLocalNotificaitons { // 取消一个特定的通知 NSArray *notificaitons = [[UIApplication sharedApplication] scheduledLocalNotifications]; // 获取当前所有的本地通知 if (!notificaitons || notificaitons.count <= 0) { return; } for (UILocalNotification *notify in notificaitons) { if ([[notify.userInfo objectForKey:@"id"] isEqualToString:@"LOCAL_NOTIFY_SCHEDULE_ID"]) { if (@available(iOS 10.0, *)) { [[UNUserNotificationCenter currentNotificationCenter] removePendingNotificationRequestsWithIdentifiers:@[LocalNotiReqIdentifer]]; } else { [[UIApplication sharedApplication] cancelLocalNotification:notify]; } break; } } // 取消所有的本地通知 //[[UIApplication sharedApplication] cancelAllLocalNotifications]; } 复制代码
3. AppDelegate中的回调方法
在上面的代码中我们设置了 userInfo
,在iOS中收到并点击通知,则会自动打开应用。但是在不同版本的iOS系统中回调方式有所差异,如下:
- 系统版本 < iOS 10
// 如果App已经完全退出: - (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions; // 当App已经完全退出时,获取userInfo参数过程如下: // NSDictionary *userInfoLocal = (NSDictionary *)[launchOptions objectForKey:UIApplicationLaunchOptionsLocalNotificationKey]; // NSDictionary *userInfoRemote = (NSDictionary *)[launchOptions objectForKey:UIApplicationLaunchOptionsRemoteNotificationKey]; // 如果App还在运行(前台or后台) - (void)application:(UIApplication *)application didReceiveLocalNotification:(UILocalNotification *)notification; 复制代码
- 系统版本 >= iOS 10
#if __IPHONE_OS_VERSION_MAX_ALLOWED >= __IPHONE_10_0 #pragma mark - UNUserNotificationCenterDelegate - (void)userNotificationCenter:(UNUserNotificationCenter *)center willPresentNotification:(UNNotification *)notification withCompletionHandler:(void (^)(UNNotificationPresentationOptions options))completionHandler __IOS_AVAILABLE(10.0) __TVOS_AVAILABLE(10.0) __WATCHOS_AVAILABLE(3.0); - (void)userNotificationCenter:(UNUserNotificationCenter *)center didReceiveNotificationResponse:(UNNotificationResponse *)response withCompletionHandler:(void(^)(void))completionHandler __IOS_AVAILABLE(10.0) __WATCHOS_AVAILABLE(3.0) __TVOS_PROHIBITED; #endif 复制代码
4. 实现效果
-
app向用户请求推送通知权限的提示弹窗:
-
app处于不同状态(前台、后台、锁屏)时弹出通知的效果:
PS:
- 当用户拒绝授权推送通知时,
app
无法接收通知;(用户可以到设置->通知->相应app
,手动设置通知选项) - 通知的声音在代码中指定,由系统播放,时长必须在
30s
内,否则将被默认声音替换,并且自定义声音文件必须放到main bundle
中。 - 本地通知有数量限制,超过一定数量(64个)将被系统忽略(数据来源于网络,具体时间间隔待验证)。
二、远程推送通知
远程推送通知是通过苹果的 APNs ( Apple Push Notification service
)发送到 app
,而 APNs
必须先知道用户设备的令牌( device token
)。在启动时, app
与 APNs
通信并接收 device token
,然后将其转发到 App Server
, App Server
将该令牌和要发送的通知消息发送至 APNs
。 PS:苹果官网APNs概述
远程推送通知的传递过程涉及几个关键组件:
- App Server
- Apple推送通知服务(APNs)
- 用户的设备(iPhone、iPad、iTouch、Mac等)
- 相应的app
苹果官方提供的远程推送通知的传递示意图如下:
各关键组件之间的交互细节:
-
开发远程推送功能首先要设置正确的推送证书和权限,步骤如下:
1)根据工程的
Bundle Identifier
,在苹果开发者平台中创建同名App ID
,并勾选Push Notifications
服务;2)在工程的“Capabilities”中设置
Push Notifications
为ON
;3)远程推送必须使用真机调试,因为模拟器无法获取得到
device token
。 -
在设置好证书和权限后,按照以下步骤开发远程推送功能:
1. 注册远程通知
// iOS 8及以上版本的远程推送通知注册 - (void)registerRemoteNotifications { if (@available(iOS 10.0, *)) { UNUserNotificationCenter *center = [UNUserNotificationCenter currentNotificationCenter]; center.delegate = self; [center requestAuthorizationWithOptions:(UNAuthorizationOptionBadge | UNAuthorizationOptionSound | UNAuthorizationOptionAlert | UNAuthorizationOptionCarPlay) completionHandler:^(BOOL granted, NSError *_Nullable error) { if (!error) { NSLog(@"request authorization succeeded!"); [[UIApplication sharedApplication] registerForRemoteNotifications]; } else { NSLog(@"request authorization failed!"); } }]; } else { UIUserNotificationType types = (UIUserNotificationTypeAlert | UIUserNotificationTypeSound | UIUserNotificationTypeBadge); UIUserNotificationSettings *settings = [UIUserNotificationSettings settingsForTypes:types categories:nil]; [[UIApplication sharedApplication] registerUserNotificationSettings:settings]; [[UIApplication sharedApplication] registerForRemoteNotifications]; } } 复制代码
2. App获取device token
- 在注册远程通知后,获取
device token
的回调方法:
- (void)application:(UIApplication *)application didRegisterForRemoteNotificationsWithDeviceToken:(NSData *)deviceToken; 复制代码
- 获取
device token
失败的回调方法:
- (void)application:(UIApplication *)application didFailToRegisterForRemoteNotificationsWithError:(NSError *)error; 复制代码
3. app将device token发送给App Server
只有苹果公司知道 device token
的生成算法,保证唯一, device token
在app卸载后重装等情况时会变化,因此为确保 device token
变化后app仍然能够正常接收服务器端发送的通知,建议每次启动应用都将获取到的 device token
传给 App Server
。
4. App Server将device token和要推送的消息发送给APNs
将指定的 device token
和消息内容发送给 APNs
时,必须按照苹果官方的消息格式组织消息内容。 PS:远程通知消息的字段、 创建远程通知消息
消息格式: {"aps":{"alert":{"title":"通知的title","subtitle":"通知的subtitle","body":"通知的body","title-loc-key":"TITLE_LOC_KEY","title-loc-args":["t_01","t_02"],"loc-key":"LOC_KEY","loc-args":["l_01","l_02"]},"sound":"sound01.wav","badge":1,"mutable-content":1,"category": "realtime"},"msgid":"123"}
5. APNs根据device token查找相应设备,并推送消息
一般情况 APNs
可以根据 deviceToken
将消息成功推送到相应设备中,但也存在用户卸载程序等导致推送消息失败的情况,这时 App Server
会收到 APNs
返回的错误信息)。
6. AppDelegate中的回调方法
// iOS<10时,且app被完全杀死 - (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions; // 注:iOS10以上如果不使用UNUserNotificationCenter时,也将走此回调方法 - (void)application:(UIApplication *)application didReceiveRemoteNotification:(NSDictionary *)userInfo; // 支持iOS7及以上系统 - (void)application:(UIApplication *)application didReceiveRemoteNotification:(NSDictionary *)userInfo fetchCompletionHandler:(void (^)(UIBackgroundFetchResult))completionHandler; // iOS>=10: app在前台获取到通知 - (void)userNotificationCenter:(UNUserNotificationCenter *)center willPresentNotification:(UNNotification *)notification withCompletionHandler:(void (^)(UNNotificationPresentationOptions))completionHandler; // iOS>=10: 点击通知进入app时触发(杀死/切到后台唤起) - (void)userNotificationCenter:(UNUserNotificationCenter *)center didReceiveNotificationResponse:(UNNotificationResponse *)response withCompletionHandler:(void (^)(void))completionHandler; 复制代码
在AppDelegate中注册远程推送通知并解析通知数据的完整代码如下:
#import "AppDelegate.h" #import "ViewController.h" #if __IPHONE_OS_VERSION_MAX_ALLOWED >= __IPHONE_10_0 #import <UserNotifications/UserNotifications.h> #endif @interface AppDelegate () <UNUserNotificationCenterDelegate> @end @implementation AppDelegate - (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions { ViewController *controller = [[ViewController alloc] init]; UINavigationController *nav = [[UINavigationController alloc] initWithRootViewController:controller]; _window = [[UIWindow alloc] initWithFrame:[UIScreen mainScreen].bounds]; [_window setRootViewController:nav]; [_window makeKeyAndVisible]; ////注册本地推送通知(具体操作在ViewController中) //[self registerLocalNotification]; // 注册远程推送通知 [self registerRemoteNotifications]; return YES; } - (void)registerLocalNotification { if (@available(iOS 10.0, *)) { UNUserNotificationCenter *center = [UNUserNotificationCenter currentNotificationCenter]; center.delegate = self; [center requestAuthorizationWithOptions:(UNAuthorizationOptionBadge | UNAuthorizationOptionSound | UNAuthorizationOptionAlert) completionHandler:^(BOOL granted, NSError * _Nullable error) { if (!error) { NSLog(@"request authorization succeeded!"); } }]; } else { UIUserNotificationSettings *settings = [UIUserNotificationSettings settingsForTypes:UIUserNotificationTypeAlert | UIUserNotificationTypeBadge | UIUserNotificationTypeSound categories:nil]; [[UIApplication sharedApplication] registerUserNotificationSettings:settings]; } } - (void)registerRemoteNotifications { if (@available(iOS 10.0, *)) { UNUserNotificationCenter *center = [UNUserNotificationCenter currentNotificationCenter]; center.delegate = self; [center requestAuthorizationWithOptions:(UNAuthorizationOptionBadge | UNAuthorizationOptionSound | UNAuthorizationOptionAlert | UNAuthorizationOptionCarPlay) completionHandler:^(BOOL granted, NSError *_Nullable error) { if (!error) { NSLog(@"request authorization succeeded!"); [[UIApplication sharedApplication] registerForRemoteNotifications]; } else { NSLog(@"request authorization failed!"); } }]; } else { UIUserNotificationType types = (UIUserNotificationTypeAlert | UIUserNotificationTypeSound | UIUserNotificationTypeBadge); UIUserNotificationSettings *settings = [UIUserNotificationSettings settingsForTypes:types categories:nil]; [[UIApplication sharedApplication] registerUserNotificationSettings:settings]; [[UIApplication sharedApplication] registerForRemoteNotifications]; } } - (void)application:(UIApplication *)application didRegisterUserNotificationSettings:(UIUserNotificationSettings *)notificationSettings { NSLog(@"didRegisterUserNotificationSettings"); } - (void)application:(UIApplication *)application didReceiveLocalNotification:(UILocalNotification *)notification { NSLog(@"app收到本地推送(didReceiveLocalNotification:):%@", notification.userInfo); } - (void)application:(UIApplication *)application didRegisterForRemoteNotificationsWithDeviceToken:(NSData *)deviceToken { // 获取并处理deviceToken NSString *token = [[deviceToken description] stringByTrimmingCharactersInSet:[NSCharacterSet characterSetWithCharactersInString:@"<>"]]; token = [token stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@" " withString:@""]; NSLog(@"DeviceToken:%@\n", token); } - (void)application:(UIApplication *)application didFailToRegisterForRemoteNotificationsWithError:(NSError *)error { NSLog(@"didFailToRegisterForRemoteNotificationsWithError: %@", error.description); } // 注:iOS10以上如果不使用UNUserNotificationCenter时,也将走此回调方法 - (void)application:(UIApplication *)application didReceiveRemoteNotification:(NSDictionary *)userInfo { // iOS6及以下系统 if (userInfo) { if ([UIApplication sharedApplication].applicationState == UIApplicationStateActive) {// app位于前台通知 NSLog(@"app位于前台通知(didReceiveRemoteNotification:):%@", userInfo); } else {// 切到后台唤起 NSLog(@"app位于后台通知(didReceiveRemoteNotification:):%@", userInfo); } } } - (void)application:(UIApplication *)application didReceiveRemoteNotification:(NSDictionary *)userInfo fetchCompletionHandler:(void (^)(UIBackgroundFetchResult))completionHandler NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(7_0) { // iOS7及以上系统 if (userInfo) { if ([UIApplication sharedApplication].applicationState == UIApplicationStateActive) { NSLog(@"app位于前台通知(didReceiveRemoteNotification:fetchCompletionHandler:):%@", userInfo); } else { NSLog(@"app位于后台通知(didReceiveRemoteNotification:fetchCompletionHandler:):%@", userInfo); } } completionHandler(UIBackgroundFetchResultNewData); } #pragma mark - iOS>=10 中收到推送消息 #if __IPHONE_OS_VERSION_MAX_ALLOWED >= __IPHONE_10_0 - (void)userNotificationCenter:(UNUserNotificationCenter *)center willPresentNotification:(UNNotification *)notification withCompletionHandler:(void (^)(UNNotificationPresentationOptions))completionHandler API_AVAILABLE(ios(10.0)){ NSDictionary * userInfo = notification.request.content.userInfo; if (userInfo) { NSLog(@"app位于前台通知(willPresentNotification:):%@", userInfo); } completionHandler(UNNotificationPresentationOptionBadge|UNNotificationPresentationOptionSound|UNNotificationPresentationOptionAlert); } - (void)userNotificationCenter:(UNUserNotificationCenter *)center didReceiveNotificationResponse:(UNNotificationResponse *)response withCompletionHandler:(void (^)(void))completionHandler API_AVAILABLE(ios(10.0)){ NSDictionary * userInfo = response.notification.request.content.userInfo; if (userInfo) { NSLog(@"点击通知进入App时触发(didReceiveNotificationResponse:):%@", userInfo); } completionHandler(); } #endif @end 复制代码
7. 使用Pusher工具模拟App Server推送通知
Pusher 和 SmartPush 等 工具 一样,是优秀的远程推送测试工具,工具界面如下:
-
Pusher的使用步骤说明:
1)选择
p12
格式的推送证书;2)设置是否为测试环境(默认勾选为测试环境,由于推送证书分为测试证书和生产证书,并且苹果的
APNs
也分为测试和生产两套环境,因此Pusher
需要手动勾选推送环境);3)输入
device token
;4)输入符合苹果要求格式的
aps
字符串;5)执行推送。
效果如下:
点击横幅打开app,在回调方法中获取到的json
串如下:
PS:
- 要使用远程推送通知功能,需要至少启动app一次;
- 设备不连网,是无法注册远程推送通知的;
- 推送过程中aps串可在适当位置 添加自定义字段 ,消息上限为
4 KB
。
三、iOS 通知扩展
iOS 10及之后的推送通知具有扩展功能,包括两个方面:
- 通知服务扩展(UNNotificationServiceExtension),是在收到通知后且展示通知前允许开发者做一些事情,比如添加附件、加载网络请求等。点击查看官网文档
- 通知内容扩展(UNNotificationContentExtension),是在展示通知时展示一个自定义的用户界面。点击查看官网文档
1. 创建UNNotificationServiceExtension和UNNotificationContentExtension:
注意:
- target支持的iOS版本为10.0及以上,且当前系统支持target版本。
2. 通知服务扩展UNNotificationServiceExtension
在NotificationService.m文件中,有两个回调方法:
// 系统接到通知后,有最多30秒在这里重写通知内容(如下载附件并更新通知) - (void)didReceiveNotificationRequest:(UNNotificationRequest *)request withContentHandler:(void (^)(UNNotificationContent *contentToDeliver))contentHandler; // 处理过程超时,则收到的通知直接展示出来 - (void)serviceExtensionTimeWillExpire; 复制代码
在通知服务扩展中加载网络请求,代码如下:
#import "NotificationService.h" #import <AVFoundation/AVFoundation.h> @interface NotificationService () @property (nonatomic, strong) void (^contentHandler)(UNNotificationContent *contentToDeliver); @property (nonatomic, strong) UNMutableNotificationContent *bestAttemptContent; @end @implementation NotificationService - (void)didReceiveNotificationRequest:(UNNotificationRequest *)request withContentHandler:(void (^)(UNNotificationContent * _Nonnull))contentHandler { self.contentHandler = contentHandler; self.bestAttemptContent = [request.content mutableCopy]; //// Modify the notification content here... self.bestAttemptContent.title = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@ [ServiceExtension modified]", self.bestAttemptContent.title]; // 设置UNNotificationAction UNNotificationAction * actionA =[UNNotificationAction actionWithIdentifier:@"ActionA" title:@"A_Required" options:UNNotificationActionOptionAuthenticationRequired]; UNNotificationAction * actionB = [UNNotificationAction actionWithIdentifier:@"ActionB" title:@"B_Destructive" options:UNNotificationActionOptionDestructive]; UNNotificationAction * actionC = [UNNotificationAction actionWithIdentifier:@"ActionC" title:@"C_Foreground" options:UNNotificationActionOptionForeground]; UNTextInputNotificationAction * actionD = [UNTextInputNotificationAction actionWithIdentifier:@"ActionD" title:@"D_InputDestructive" options:UNNotificationActionOptionDestructive textInputButtonTitle:@"Send" textInputPlaceholder:@"input some words here ..."]; NSArray *actionArr = [[NSArray alloc] initWithObjects:actionA, actionB, actionC, actionD, nil]; NSArray *identifierArr = [[NSArray alloc] initWithObjects:@"ActionA", @"ActionB", @"ActionC", @"ActionD", nil]; UNNotificationCategory * notficationCategory = [UNNotificationCategory categoryWithIdentifier:@"QiShareCategoryIdentifier" actions:actionArr intentIdentifiers:identifierArr options:UNNotificationCategoryOptionCustomDismissAction]; [[UNUserNotificationCenter currentNotificationCenter] setNotificationCategories:[NSSet setWithObject:notficationCategory]]; // 设置categoryIdentifier self.bestAttemptContent.categoryIdentifier = @"QiShareCategoryIdentifier"; // 加载网络请求 NSDictionary *userInfo = self.bestAttemptContent.userInfo; NSString *mediaUrl = userInfo[@"media"][@"url"]; NSString *mediaType = userInfo[@"media"][@"type"]; if (!mediaUrl.length) { self.contentHandler(self.bestAttemptContent); } else { [self loadAttachmentForUrlString:mediaUrl withType:mediaType completionHandle:^(UNNotificationAttachment *attach) { if (attach) { self.bestAttemptContent.attachments = [NSArray arrayWithObject:attach]; } self.contentHandler(self.bestAttemptContent); }]; } } - (void)loadAttachmentForUrlString:(NSString *)urlStr withType:(NSString *)type completionHandle:(void(^)(UNNotificationAttachment *attach))completionHandler { __block UNNotificationAttachment *attachment = nil; NSURL *attachmentURL = [NSURL URLWithString:urlStr]; NSString *fileExt = [self getfileExtWithMediaType:type]; NSURLSession *session = [NSURLSession sessionWithConfiguration:[NSURLSessionConfiguration defaultSessionConfiguration]]; [[session downloadTaskWithURL:attachmentURL completionHandler:^(NSURL *temporaryFileLocation, NSURLResponse *response, NSError *error) { if (error) { NSLog(@"加载多媒体失败 %@", error.localizedDescription); } else { NSFileManager *fileManager = [NSFileManager defaultManager]; NSURL *localURL = [NSURL fileURLWithPath:[temporaryFileLocation.path stringByAppendingString:fileExt]]; [fileManager moveItemAtURL:temporaryFileLocation toURL:localURL error:&error]; // 自定义推送UI需要 NSMutableDictionary * dict = [self.bestAttemptContent.userInfo mutableCopy]; [dict setObject:[NSData dataWithContentsOfURL:localURL] forKey:@"image"]; self.bestAttemptContent.userInfo = dict; NSError *attachmentError = nil; attachment = [UNNotificationAttachment attachmentWithIdentifier:@"QiShareCategoryIdentifier" URL:localURL options:nil error:&attachmentError]; if (attachmentError) { NSLog(@"%@", attachmentError.localizedDescription); } } completionHandler(attachment); }] resume]; } - (NSString *)getfileExtWithMediaType:(NSString *)mediaType { NSString *fileExt = mediaType; if ([mediaType isEqualToString:@"image"]) { fileExt = @"jpg"; } if ([mediaType isEqualToString:@"video"]) { fileExt = @"mp4"; } if ([mediaType isEqualToString:@"audio"]) { fileExt = @"mp3"; } return [@"." stringByAppendingString:fileExt]; } - (void)serviceExtensionTimeWillExpire { // Called just before the extension will be terminated by the system. // Use this as an opportunity to deliver your "best attempt" at modified content, otherwise the original push payload will be used. self.contentHandler(self.bestAttemptContent); } @end 复制代码
消息内容格式: {"aps":{"alert":{"title":"Title...","subtitle":"Subtitle...","body":"Body..."},"sound":"default","badge": 1,"mutable-content": 1,"category": "QiShareCategoryIdentifier",},"msgid":"123","media":{"type":"image","url":" www.fotor.com/images2/fea… "}}
PS:
- 加载并处理附件时间上限为30秒,否则,通知按系统默认形式弹出;
- UNNotificationAttachment的url接收的是本地文件的url;
- 服务端在处理推送内容时,最好加上媒体类型字段;
- aps字符串中的mutable-content字段需要设置为1;
- 在对NotificationService进行debug时,需要在Xcode顶栏选择编译运行的target为NotificationService,否则无法进行实时debug。
3. 通知内容扩展UNNotificationContentExtension
通知内容扩展界面NotificationViewController的结构如下:
- 设置actions: 从NotificationViewController直接继承于ViewController,因此可以在这个类中重写相关方法,来修改界面的相关布局及样式。在这个界面展开之前,用户可以通过UNNotificationAction与相应推送通知交互,但是用户和这个通知内容扩展界面无法直接交互。
- 设置category: 推送通知内容中的category字段,与UNNotificationContentExtension的info.plist中UNNotificationExtensionCategory字段的值要匹配,系统才能找到自定义的UI。
在aps串中直接设置category字段,例如: { "aps":{ "alert":"Testing...(0)","badge":1,"sound":"default","category":"QiShareCategoryIdentifier"}}
在NotificationService.m中设置category的值如下:
self.bestAttemptContent.categoryIdentifier = @"QiShareCategoryIdentifier"; 复制代码
info.plist中关于category的配置如下:
- UNNotificationContentExtension协议:NotificationViewController 中生成时默认实现了。
简单的英文注释很明了:
// This will be called to send the notification to be displayed by // the extension. If the extension is being displayed and more related // notifications arrive (eg. more messages for the same conversation) // the same method will be called for each new notification. - (void)didReceiveNotification:(UNNotification *)notification; // If implemented, the method will be called when the user taps on one // of the notification actions. The completion handler can be called // after handling the action to dismiss the notification and forward the // action to the app if necessary. - (void)didReceiveNotificationResponse:(UNNotificationResponse *)response completionHandler:(void (^)(UNNotificationContentExtensionResponseOption))completion // Called when the user taps the play or pause button. - (void)mediaPlay; - (void)mediaPause; 复制代码
-
UNNotificationAttachment:attachment支持
1)音频5M(kUTTypeWaveformAudio/kUTTypeMP3/kUTTypeMPEG4Audio/kUTTypeAudioInterchangeFileFormat)
2)图片10M(kUTTypeJPEG/kUTTypeGIF/kUTTypePNG)
3)视频50M(kUTTypeMPEG/kUTTypeMPEG2Video/kUTTypeMPEG4/kUTTypeAVIMovie)
4. 自定义内容扩展界面与内容扩展功能联合使用时,代码如下:
#import "NotificationViewController.h" #import <UserNotifications/UserNotifications.h> #import <UserNotificationsUI/UserNotificationsUI.h> #define Margin 15 @interface NotificationViewController () <UNNotificationContentExtension> @property (nonatomic, strong) UILabel *label; @property (nonatomic, strong) UILabel *subLabel; @property (nonatomic, strong) UIImageView *imageView; @property (nonatomic, strong) UILabel *hintLabel; @end @implementation NotificationViewController - (void)viewDidLoad { [super viewDidLoad]; CGPoint origin = self.view.frame.origin; CGSize size = self.view.frame.size; self.label = [[UILabel alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(Margin, Margin, size.width-Margin*2, 30)]; self.label.autoresizingMask = UIViewAutoresizingFlexibleWidth; [self.view addSubview:self.label]; self.subLabel = [[UILabel alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(Margin, CGRectGetMaxY(self.label.frame)+10, size.width-Margin*2, 30)]; self.subLabel.autoresizingMask = UIViewAutoresizingFlexibleWidth; [self.view addSubview:self.subLabel]; self.imageView = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(Margin, CGRectGetMaxY(self.subLabel.frame)+10, 100, 100)]; [self.view addSubview:self.imageView]; self.hintLabel = [[UILabel alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(Margin, CGRectGetMaxY(self.imageView.frame)+10, size.width-Margin*2, 20)]; [self.hintLabel setText:@"我是hintLabel"]; [self.hintLabel setFont:[UIFont systemFontOfSize:14]]; [self.hintLabel setTextAlignment:NSTextAlignmentLeft]; [self.view addSubview:self.hintLabel]; self.view.frame = CGRectMake(origin.x, origin.y, size.width, CGRectGetMaxY(self.imageView.frame)+Margin); // 设置控件边框颜色 [self.label.layer setBorderColor:[UIColor redColor].CGColor]; [self.label.layer setBorderWidth:1.0]; [self.subLabel.layer setBorderColor:[UIColor greenColor].CGColor]; [self.subLabel.layer setBorderWidth:1.0]; [self.imageView.layer setBorderWidth:2.0]; [self.imageView.layer setBorderColor:[UIColor blueColor].CGColor]; [self.view.layer setBorderWidth:2.0]; [self.view.layer setBorderColor:[UIColor cyanColor].CGColor]; } - (void)didReceiveNotification:(UNNotification *)notification { self.label.text = notification.request.content.title; self.subLabel.text = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@ [ContentExtension modified]", notification.request.content.subtitle]; NSData *data = notification.request.content.userInfo[@"image"]; UIImage *image = [UIImage imageWithData:data]; [self.imageView setImage:image]; } - (void)didReceiveNotificationResponse:(UNNotificationResponse *)response completionHandler:(void (^)(UNNotificationContentExtensionResponseOption))completion { [self.hintLabel setText:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"触发了%@", response.actionIdentifier]]; if ([response.actionIdentifier isEqualToString:@"ActionA"]) { dispatch_after(dispatch_time(DISPATCH_TIME_NOW, (int64_t)(1.5 * NSEC_PER_SEC)), dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{ completion(UNNotificationContentExtensionResponseOptionDismiss); }); } else if ([response.actionIdentifier isEqualToString:@"ActionB"]) { } else if ([response.actionIdentifier isEqualToString:@"ActionC"]) { } else if ([response.actionIdentifier isEqualToString:@"ActionD"]) { } else { completion(UNNotificationContentExtensionResponseOptionDismiss); } completion(UNNotificationContentExtensionResponseOptionDoNotDismiss); } @end 复制代码
手机收到通知时的展示(aps串以上面第2点中提到的“消息内容格式”为例)
说明:
- 服务扩展target和内容扩展target在配置中所支持的系统版本要在iOS10及以上;
- 自定义视图的大小可以通过设置NotificationViewController的preferredContentSize大小来控制,但是用户体验稍显突兀,可以通过设置info.plist中的UNNotificationExtensionInitialContentSizeRatio属性的值来优化;
- contentExtension中的info.plist中NSExtension下的NSExtensionAttributes字段下可以配置以下属性的值,UNNotificationExtensionCategory:表示自定义内容假面可以识别的category,可以为数组,也即可以为这个content绑定多个通知;UNNotificationExtensionInitialContentSizeRatio:默认的UI界面的宽高比;UNNotificationExtensionDefaultContentHidden:是否显示系统默认的标题栏和内容,可选参数;UNNotificationExtensionOverridesDefaultTitle:是否让系统采用消息的标题作为通知的标题,可选参数。
- 处理通知内容扩展的过程中关于identifier的设置共有五处(UNNotificationAction、UNNotificationCategory、bestAttemptContent、contentExtension中的info.plist中,aps字符串中),请区别不同identifier的作用。
- 两个扩展联合使用,在XCode中选择当前target,才能打断点看到相应log信息。
工程源码: github.com/QiShare/QiN…
以上所述就是小编给大家介绍的《iOS 推送通知及推送扩展》,希望对大家有所帮助,如果大家有任何疑问请给我留言,小编会及时回复大家的。在此也非常感谢大家对 码农网 的支持!
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