内容简介:Hadoop 2.9.1 on Ubuntu 16.043台机器虚拟机 ubuntu16.04Q1: hadoop-node2: Error: JAVA_HOME is not set and could not be found.
Hadoop 2.9.1 on Ubuntu 16.04
环境配置
3台机器虚拟机 ubuntu16.04
10.64.104.177 hadoop-master 10.64.104.178 hadoop-node1 10.64.104.179 hadoop-node2
1、安装jdk
# 三台机器均要安装 sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install default-jdk java -version openjdk version "1.8.0_181" OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_181-8u181-b13-0ubuntu0.16.04.1-b13) OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.181-b13, mixed mode) # 添加JAVA_HOME cat << EOF >> ~/.bashrc #HADOOP VARIABLES START export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64 export HADOOP_INSTALL=/usr/local/hadoop export PATH=$PATH:$HADOOP_INSTALL/bin export PATH=$PATH:$HADOOP_INSTALL/sbin export HADOOP_MAPRED_HOME=$HADOOP_INSTALL export HADOOP_COMMON_HOME=$HADOOP_INSTALL export HADOOP_HDFS_HOME=$HADOOP_INSTALL export YARN_HOME=$HADOOP_INSTALL export HADOOP_COMMON_LIB_NATIVE_DIR=$HADOOP_INSTALL/lib/native export HADOOP_OPTS="-Djava.library.path=$HADOOP_INSTALL/lib" #HADOOP VARIABLES END EOF source ~/.bashrc
2、创建账户
sudo useradd -m hadoop -s /bin/bash //添加用户 sudo passwd hadoop //创建密码 sudo adduser hadoop sudo //sudo 授权
3、主机名 及 hosts配置
# 设置3台机器的主机名 hostnamectl set-hostname hadoop-master hostnamectl set-hostname hadoop-node1 hostnamectl set-hostname hadoop-node2 # 添加 host cat << EOF >> /etc/hosts 10.64.104.177 hadoop-master 10.64.104.178 hadoop-node1 10.64.104.179 hadoop-node2 EOF
4、SSH免密
# 在hadoop-master sudo apt-get install openssh-server ssh-keygen -t rsa 回车 回车 回车 cat $HOME/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys scp /home/hadoop/.ssh/id_rsa.pub hadoop@10.64.104.178:.ssh/ scp /home/hadoop/.ssh/id_rsa.pub hadoop@10.64.104.179:.ssh/ # 在hadoop-node1,hadoop-node2 cat $HOME/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys
安装Hadoop
配置hadoop-master的hadoop环境
1、下载(当前最新的stable 版本为2.9.1) Hadoop 的安装包从这里可以下载: http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/apache/hadoop/common/ wget http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/apache/hadoop/common/hadoop-2.9.1/hadoop-2.9.1.tar.gz 2、解压 sudo tar xvf hadoop-2.9.1.tar.gz -C /usr/local sudo mv /usr/local/hadoop-2.9.1 /usr/local/hadoop sudo chown -R hadoop.hadoop /usr/local/hadoop/ 3、hadoop环境变量配置 cat <<EOF>> ~/.bashrc export HADOOP_HOME=/usr/local/hadoop export PATH=$PATH:$HADOOP_HOME/bin EOF # 立即生效 source ~/.bashrc 4、配置hadoop 配置文件 # 修改如下篇日志文件,三台机都要进行这些操作 $HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/hadoop-env.sh $HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/core-site.xml $HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml $HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/mapred-site.xml $HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/slaves 1) 修改JAVA_HOME vi /usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/hadoop-env.sh ## 配置项 export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/jre-1.8.0-openjdk.x86_64 2)修改Hadoop核心配置文件/usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/core-site.xml,通过fs.default.name指定NameNode的IP地址和端口号,通过hadoop.tmp.dir指定hadoop数据存储的临时文件夹。 <configuration> <property> <name>hadoop.tmp.dir</name> <value>file:/usr/local/hadoop/tmp</value> <description>Abase for other temporary directories.</description> </property> <property> <name>fs.defaultFS</name> <value>hdfs://hadoop-master:9000</value> </property> </configuration> 特别注意:如没有配置hadoop.tmp.dir参数,此时系统默认的临时目录为:/tmp/hadoo-hadoop。而这个目录在每次重启后都会被删除,必须重新执行format才行,否则会出错。 3)配置hdfs-site.xml 修改HDFS核心配置文件/usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml,通过dfs.replication指定HDFS的备份因子为3,通过dfs.name.dir指定namenode节点的文件存储目录,通过dfs.data.dir指定datanode节点的文件存储目录。 <configuration> <property> <name>dfs.replication</name> <value>2</value> </property> <property> <name>dfs.name.dir</name> <value>/usr/local/hadoop/hdfs/name</value> </property> <property> <name>dfs.data.dir</name> <value>/usr/local/hadoop/hdfs/data</value> </property> </configuration> 4)配置masters 文件 修改/usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/masters文件,该文件指定namenode节点所在的服务器机器。删除localhost,添加namenode节点的主机名hadoop-master;不建议使用IP地址,因为IP地址可能会变化,但是主机名一般不会变化。 cat << EOF >> /usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/masters hadoop-master EOF 5)配置slaves文件(Master主机特有) 该文件指定哪些服务器节点是datanode节点。删除locahost,添加所有datanode节点的主机名 cat << EOF >> /usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/slaves hadoop-node1 hadoop-node2 EOF
配置hadoop-node的hadoop环境
下面以配置hadoop-node1的hadoop为例进行演示,用户需参照以下步骤完成其他hadoop-node2~3服务器的配置。 1)复制hadoop 到 hadoop-node1 节点 sudo mkdir -p /usr/local/hadoop rsync -avz /usr/local/hadoop hadoop-node1:/usr/local/hadoop 2) 添加hadoop环境 cat <<EOF>> ~/.bashrc export HADOOP_HOME=/usr/local/hadoop export PATH=$PATH:$HADOOP_HOME/bin EOF source ~/.bashrc 3) 登录hadoop-node1服务器,删除slaves内容 rm -rf /usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/slaves 其它节点配置如上
启动 Hadoop
启动集群 1、格式化HDFS文件系统 进入master的~/hadoop目录,执行以下操作 bin/hadoop namenode -format 格式化namenode,第一次启动服务前执行的操作,以后不需要执行。 2、然后启动hadoop: sbin/start-all.sh 3、使用jps命令查看运行情况 jps #master 执行 jps查看运行情况 hadoop@hadoop-master:/usr/local/hadoop$ jps 27893 SecondaryNameNode 28070 ResourceManager 27657 NameNode 30635 Jps 26078 ResourceManager #slave 执行 jps查看运行情况 hadoop@hadoop-node1:~$ jps 26832 DataNode 27956 NodeManager 28093 Jps 4、命令查看Hadoop集群的状态 通过简单的jps命令虽然可以查看HDFS文件管理系统、MapReduce服务是否启动成功,但是无法查看到Hadoop整个集群的运行状态。我们可以通过hadoop dfsadmin -report进行查看。用该命令可以快速定位出哪些节点挂掉了,HDFS的容量以及使用了多少,以及每个节点的硬盘使用情况。 hadoop dfsadmin -report 输出结果: Configured Capacity: 50108030976 (46.67 GB) Present Capacity: 41877471232 (39.00 GB) DFS Remaining: 41877385216 (39.00 GB) DFS Used: 86016 (84 KB) DFS Used%: 0.00% Under replicated blocks: 0 Blocks with corrupt replicas: 0 Missing blocks: 0 Missing blocks (with replication factor 1): 0 ...... 5、hadoop 重启 sbin/stop-all.sh sbin/start-all.sh 6、查看hadoop状态 http://${hadoop-master}:50070 http://${hadoop-master}:8088
FAQ
Q1: hadoop-node2: Error: JAVA_HOME is not set and could not be found.
这个错误意思没有找到jdk的环境变量,需要在hadoop-env.sh配置。
vi /usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/hadoop-env.sh ## 配置项 export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/jre-1.8.0-openjdk.x86_64
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