Linux Logwatch的学习总结

Logwatch 功能介绍

Logwatch是一款 Perl 脚本编写的、开源的日志分析工具。它能对原始的日志文件进行解析并转换成结构化格式的文档，也能根据您的使用情况和需求来定制报告。Logwatch的特点是配置简单、监控、分析日志方便，而且可以对某些功能进行定制化。 项目源码位于 https://sourceforge.net/projects/logwatch/ 。

LogWatch的官文档介绍：

Logwatch is a customizable, pluggable log-monitoring system. It will go through your logs for a given period of time and make a report in the areas that you wish with the detail that you wish.

Logwatch 安装升级

1 ： 查看是否安装Logwatch组件

[root@DB-Server ~]# rpm -qa | grep logwatch
logwatch-7.3-9.el5_6

2: Logwatch 的安装、升级、卸载

2.1.1 Logwatch 的RPM安装

[root@DB-Server Server]# rpm -ivh logwatch-7.3-9.el5_6.noarch.rpm
warning: logwatch-7.3-9.el5_6.noarch.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 37017186
Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
        package logwatch-7.3-9.el5_6.noarch is already installed
[root@DB-Server Server]#
 
 
 
[root@DB-Server Server]# yum install logwatch

2.1.2 Logwatch 的源码安装

[root@DB-Server tmp]# tar -xzvf logwatch-7.4.3.tar.gz
[root@DB-Server tmp]# cd logwatch-7.4.3
[root@DB-Server logwatch-7.4.3]# ./install_logwatch.sh
#################################
Preparing to install Logwatch
Enter the path to the Logwatch BaseDir [/usr/share/logwatch] : 
### Using /usr/share/logwatch
Enter the path for the Logwatch ConfigDir [/etc/logwatch] : 
### Using /etc/logwatch
Enter the dir name to be used for temp files [/var/cache/logwatch] : 
### Using /var/cache/logwatch
Enter the location of perl [/usr/bin/perl] : 
### Using /usr/bin/perl
Enter the dir name to used for the manpage [/usr/share/man] : 
### Using /usr/share/man
### Installing
Created symlink for /usr/sbin/logwatch 
Created /etc/cron.daily/0logwatch 

2.2 Logwatch 的卸载

[root@DB-Server Server]# rpm -e logwatch-7.3-9.el5_6

2.2 Logwatch 的升级

[root@DB-Server Server]#rpm -Uvh logwatch***.rpm

Logwatch 的配置介绍

Logwatch的配置文件为 /etc/logwatch/conf/logwatch.conf ，初始安装后，这个配置文件是空的。你可以将配置文件的模板拷贝过来，如果不做这一步，就会默认使用/usr/share/logwatch/default.conf/logwatch.conf 这个配置文件。

[root@DB-Server ~]# more  /etc/logwatch/conf/logwatch.conf
# Local configuration options go here (defaults are in /usr/share/logwatch/default.conf/logwatch.conf)
[root@DB-Server ~]# cp  /usr/share/logwatch/default.conf/logwatch.conf  /etc/logwatch/conf/logwatch.conf
cp: overwrite `/etc/logwatch/conf/logwatch.conf'? yes

配置的具体参数介绍：

LogDir = /var/log                系统日志或需要分析日志所在路径
 
TmpDir = /var/cache/logwatch     临时文件位置
 
Output = stdout                  输出格式（stdout 屏幕上显示）
 
Format = text                    输出格式，有text、html选项可以选择
 
Encode = none                    编码格式
 
MailTo = root                    分析结果发送给那些人或邮件组。多个邮箱逗号隔开
 
MailFrom = Logwatch              邮件的发件人
 
Range = yesterday                处理什么时候的日志 , 可选项 All（所有） ,Yesterday（昨天） , Today（今天）
 
                                 Range = "1 hours ago for that hour"
 
                                 Range = "-7 days"
 
                                 Range = "between -7 days and -3 days"
 
                                 Range = "since March 15, 2017"
 
                                 Range = "first Friday in October"
 
                                 Range = "2017/04/15 12:50:15 for that second"
 
Detail = Low                     该参数控制着 Logwatch 报告的详细程, 可选项：Low , Med , High 也可以用0-10数字表示
 
                                 其中High、Med、Low 几个选项分别代表着10、5和0数字。
 
Service = All                    监控所有服务 all
 
Service = "-httpd"               不监控的服务前面加 “-” , 如 -httpd ,即不监控 httpd 服务 , 可以写多条
 
mailer = "/usr/sbin/sendmail -t" 发送邮件的方式（可以选sendmail，postfix,Qmail）

注意不同版本的Logwatch的参数有所区别，例如如下logwatch-7.3-9与logwatch-7.4.3的对比如下

[root@DB-Server01 ~]# sed -n "/^\s*[^#\t].*$/p" /usr/share/logwatch/default.conf/logwatch.conf
LogDir = /var/log
TmpDir = /var/cache/logwatch
MailTo = root
MailFrom = Logwatch
Print = No
Range = yesterday
Detail = Low 
Service = All
Service = "-zz-network"     # Prevents execution of zz-network service, which
                            # prints useful network configuration info.
Service = "-zz-sys"         # Prevents execution of zz-sys service, which
                            # prints useful system configuration info.
Service = "-eximstats"      # Prevents execution of eximstats service, which
                            # is a wrapper for the eximstats program.
mailer = "sendmail -t"
 
 
 
[root@DB-Server ~]# sed -n "/^\s*[^#\t].*$/p" /etc/logwatch/conf/logwatch.conf
LogDir = /var/log
TmpDir = /var/cache/logwatch
Output = stdout
Format = text
Encode = none
MailTo = root
MailFrom = Logwatch
Range = yesterday
Detail = Low
Service = All
Service = "-zz-network"     # Prevents execution of zz-network service, which
                            # prints useful network configuration info.
Service = "-zz-sys"         # Prevents execution of zz-sys service, which
                            # prints useful system configuration info.
Service = "-eximstats"      # Prevents execution of eximstats service, which
                            # is a wrapper for the eximstats program.
mailer = "/usr/sbin/sendmail -t"
[root@DB-Server ~]# 

Logwatch 并不是以系统服务形式来跑的 ,而是在/etc/cron.daily下生成了一个脚本/etc/cron.daily/0logwatch ，有些版本是一个软链 。如下所示。 当然你也可以在crontab里面设置自己的作业.如果要使用发送邮件功能，你必须提前进行配置。例如，配置sendmail。

logwatch-7.3-9

[root@mynx01 ~]# ls -l /etc/cron.daily/0logwatch
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 39 Apr 23  2015 /etc/cron.daily/0logwatch -> /usr/share/logwatch/scripts/logwatch.pl

logwatch-7.4.3

[root@DB-Server tmp]# more  /etc/cron.daily/0logwatch
#!/bin/sh
 
#Set logwatch location
LOGWATCH_SCRIPT="/usr/sbin/logwatch"
#Add options to this line. Most options should be defined in /etc/logwatch/conf/logwatch.conf,
#but some are only for the nightly cronrun such as --output mail and should be set here.
#Other options to consider might be "--format html" or "--encode base64", man logwatch for more details.
OPTIONS="--output mail"
 
#Call logwatch
$LOGWATCH_SCRIPT $OPTIONS
 
exit 0
[root@DB-Server tmp]# ls -l  /etc/cron.daily/0logwatch
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 434 Apr 27 15:09 /etc/cron.daily/0logwatch
[root@DB-Server tmp]# 

Logwatch 的用例介绍

1: 查看logwatch的帮助信息（注意不同版本间的区别）

[root@DB-Server log]# logwatch --help
 
Usage: /usr/sbin/logwatch [--detail <level>] [--logfile <name>] [--output <output_type>]
   [--format <format_type>] [--encode <enconding>] [--numeric]
   [--mailto <addr>] [--archives] [--range <range>] [--debug <level>]
   [--filename <filename>] [--help|--usage] [--version] [--service <name>]
   [--hostformat <host_format type>] [--hostlimit <host1,host2>] [--html_wrap <num_characters>]
 
--detail <level>: Report Detail Level - High, Med, Low or any #.
--logfile <name>: *Name of a logfile definition to report on.
--logdir <name>: Name of default directory where logs are stored.
--service <name>: *Name of a service definition to report on.
--output <output type>: Report Output - stdout [default], mail, file.
--format <formatting>: Report Format - text [default], html.
--encode <encoding>: Enconding to use - none [default], base64.
--mailto <addr>: Mail report to <addr>.
--archives: Use archived log files too.
--filename <filename>: Used to specify they filename to save to. --filename <filename> [Forces output to file].
--range <range>: Date range: Yesterday, Today, All, Help
                             where help will describe additional options
--numeric: Display addresses numerically rather than symbolically and numerically
           (saves  a  nameserver address-to-name lookup).
--debug <level>: Debug Level - High, Med, Low or any #.
--hostformat: Host Based Report Options - none [default], split, splitmail.
--hostlimit: Limit report to hostname - host1,host2.
--hostname: overwrites hostname
--html_wrap <num_characters>: Default is 80.
--version: Displays current version.
--help: This message.
--usage: Same as --help.
* = Switch can be specified multiple times...

2：Logwatch的使用案例：

perl /usr/share/logwatch/scripts/logwatch.pl

logwatch --service sshd --print

logwatch --detail High --Service All --range All --print

logwatch --detail High --Service All --range All --output stdout

logwatch --detail 10 --range today --service http --service postfix --service zz-disk_space --format html --output file --filename /tmp/logwatch.html

注意上面有些版本不能执行，例如logwatch-7.4.3中就没有参数--print，需要用参数--output

[root@MyLinx ~]#  logwatch --service sshd --print 
 
 ################### Logwatch 7.3 (03/24/06) ####################
        Processing Initiated: Mon Apr 24 08:11:00 2017
        Date Range Processed: yesterday
                              ( 2017-Apr-23 )
                              Period is day.
      Detail Level of Output: 10
              Type of Output: unformatted
           Logfiles for Host: xxx.xxx.xxx
  ##################################################################
 
 --------------------- SSHD Begin ------------------------ 
 
 Users logging in through sshd:
    xxxxx:
       192.168.xxx.xxx (xxxx): 276 times
    oracle:
       192.168.xxx.xxx (xxxxx): 1 time
 
 
 Received disconnect:
    11: The user disconnected the application
       192.168.xxx.xxx : 276 Time(s)
 
 ---------------------- SSHD End ------------------------- 
 
 
 ###################### Logwatch End #########################
 
[root@DB-Server log]# logwatch --detail 10 --range all --service sshd --format text --output file --filename /tmp/logwatch.txt
[root@DB-Server log]# more /tmp/logwatch.txt
 
 ################### Logwatch 7.4.3 (04/27/16) ####################
        Processing Initiated: Thu Apr 27 17:17:42 2017
        Date Range Processed: all
        Detail Level of Output: 10
        Type of Output/Format: file / text
        Logfiles for Host: DB-Server.localdomain
 ##################################################################
 
 --------------------- SSHD Begin ------------------------ 
 
 Couldn't resolve these IPs:
    get253194.gfg1.esquel.com(192.168.103.21): 1 Time(s)
    get253194.gfg1.esquel.com(192.168.103.26): 1 Time(s)
 
 Failed logins from:
    192.168.7.xxx: 1 time
       root/password: 1 time
 
 Users logging in through sshd:
    root:
       192.168.103.15 (xxxxx): 4 times
       192.168.103.21 (xxxxx): 4 times
       192.168.103.22 (xxxxx): 3 times
       192.168.103.26 (xxxxx): 2 times
 
 SFTP subsystem requests: 6 Time(s)
 
 ---------------------- SSHD End ------------------------- 
 
 
 ###################### Logwatch End #########################