VMware 扩容 Fedora 虚拟机磁盘后调整分区并拉伸文件系统

Fedora 29 前两天已经 Final Freeze 了，准备从 Fedora 28 升级到 Fedora 29 。 之前创建虚拟机时，硬盘设置的有点小 upgrade 这种操作空间不够用，在 VMware 中把虚机硬盘扩容至 8 GiB 。 虚拟机 只有一个 / 分区 ，后面调整磁盘分区，拉伸文件系统，需要在 LiveOS 环境进行操作， 下载了一个 netinst ISO 安装镜像，重启引导进入安装 LiveOS 环境。

调整分区

查看当前分区的 起始位置 和 分区标记 ( Flags ) ：

[anaconda root@localhost /]# parted /dev/sda
GNU Parted 3.2
Using /dev/sda
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) p
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 8590MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Disk Flags:

Number  Start   End     Size    Type     File system  Flags
 1      1049kB  5369MB  5368MB  primary  ext4         boot

删除旧分区：

(parted) rm 1

(parted) p
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 8590MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Disk Flags:

Number  Start  End  Size  Type  File system  Flags

从原分区的 起始位置 开始新建 主分区 至 最大可用空间 ：

(parted) mkpart primary 1049kB 100%

(parted) p
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 8590MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Disk Flags:

Number  Start   End     Size    Type     File system  Flags
 1      1049kB  8590MB  8589MB  primary               lba

重新创建分区后，之前的 分区标记 Flags 丢失，重新设置 boot 不然无法启动：

(parted) set 1 boot on

(parted) p
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 8590MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Disk Flags:

Number  Start   End     Size    Type     File system  Flags
 1      1049kB  8590MB  8589MB  primary               boot, lba

(parted) set 1 lba off

(parted) p
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 8590MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Disk Flags:

Number  Start   End     Size    Type     File system  Flags
 1      1049kB  8590MB  8589MB  primary               boot

(parted) q
Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.

文件系统自检

分区调整好后，使用 e2fsck 自检 分区上的文件系统：

[anaconda root@localhost /]# e2fsck -fv /dev/sda1
e2fsck 1.44.3 (10-July-2018)
Superblock last write time is in the future.
        (by less than a day, probably due to the hardware clock being incorrectly set)
Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes
Inode 138584 extent tree (at level 1) could be shorter.  Fix<y>? yes
Inode 282934 extent tree (at level 1) could be shorter.  Fix<y>? yes
Pass 1E: Optimizing extent trees
Pass 2: Checking directory structure
Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity
Pass 4: Checking reference counts
Pass 5: Checking group summary information

fedora-root: ***** FILE SYSTEM WAS MODIFIED *****

      141558 inodes used (43.20%, out of 327680)
        2435 non-contiguous files (1.7%)
         149 non-contiguous directories (0.1%)
             # of inodes with ind/dind/tind blocks: 0/0/0
             Extent depth histogram: 127429/623/1
     1106492 blocks used (84.44%, out of 1310464)
           0 bad blocks
           1 large file

      111258 regular files
       15944 directories
           0 character device files
           0 block device files
           0 fifos
       11243 links
       14347 symbolic links (13497 fast symbolic links)
           0 sockets
------------
      152792 files

文件系统扩容

使用 resize2fs 对文件系统进行拉伸：

[anaconda root@localhost /]# resize2fs /dev/sda1
resize2fs 1.44.3 (10-July-2018)
Resizing the filesystem on /dev/sda1 to 2096896 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/sda1 is now 2096896 (4k) blocks long.

使用 dumpe2fs 确认文件系统大小： How to find the size of a filesystem ?

# echo 1024*1024*1024|bc
1073741824

# dumpe2fs -h /dev/sda1 |& awk -F: '/Block count/{count=$2} /Block size/{size=$2} END{print count*size/1073741824}'
7.99902

也可以挂载 /dev/sda1 到 /mnt 查看大小：

[anaconda root@localhost /]# mount /dev/sda1 /mnt

[anaconda root@localhost /]# lsblk
NAME        MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
loop0         7:0    0  482M  1 loop
loop1         7:1    0    2G  1 loop
├─live-rw   253:0    0    2G  0 dm   /
└─live-base 253:1    0    2G  1 dm
loop2         7:2    0   32G  0 loop
└─live-rw   253:0    0    2G  0 dm   /
sda           8:0    0    8G  0 disk
└─sda1        8:1    0    8G  0 part /mnt
sr0          11:0    1  594M  0 rom  /run/install/repo