内容简介:本文主要分析 Netty服务端的启动,以便对Netty框架有一个基本的认识,我用的Netty版本是该源码出自 netty官方提供的 服务端demo,详细地址:我做了一点小改动,代码如下:
本文主要分析 Netty服务端的启动,以便对Netty框架有一个基本的认识,我用的Netty版本是 netty-4.1.29
,之前的文章 Netty 系列文章之基本组件概览 对Netty的基本组件做了一个简单的介绍,算是对本文分析Netty服务端的启动做一个基础铺垫
服务端代码
该源码出自 netty官方提供的 服务端demo,详细地址: github.com/netty/netty…
我做了一点小改动,代码如下:
public final class EchoServer { static final int PORT = Integer.parseInt(System.getProperty("port", "8007")); public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { // Configure the server. EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(1); EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(); final EchoServerHandler serverHandler = new EchoServerHandler(); try { ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap(); b.group(bossGroup, workerGroup) .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class) .option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 100) .handler(new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.INFO)) .childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() { @Override public void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception { ChannelPipeline p = ch.pipeline(); //p.addLast(new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.INFO)); p.addLast(serverHandler); } }); // Start the server. ChannelFuture f = b.bind(PORT).sync(); // Wait until the server socket is closed. f.channel().closeFuture().sync(); } finally { // Shut down all event loops to terminate all threads. bossGroup.shutdownGracefully(); workerGroup.shutdownGracefully(); } } } 复制代码
服务端启动流程概览:
ServerBootStrap NioEventLoopGroup Channel ChannelHandler
在之前的文章我就提到过, ServerBootstrap 是Netty服务端的启动辅助类,帮助Netty服务端完成初始化,下面我将深入代码,仔细分析Netty服务端启动过程中各组件的创建与初始化
Channel的创建和初始化过程
Channel是Netty的网络操作抽象类,对应于JDK底层的 Socket,Netty服务端的Channel类型是 NioServerSocketChannel 。下面来分析 NioServerSocketChannel 的创建和初始化
NioServerSocketChannel的创建
NioServerSocketChannel
的创建实际上是从 ServerBootStrap
的 bind()
方法开始的,进入 bind()
源码分析( AbstractBootstrap
的bind()方法):
...... public ChannelFuture bind(int inetPort) { return bind(new InetSocketAddress(inetPort)); } ...... /** * Create a new {@link Channel} and bind it. */ public ChannelFuture bind(SocketAddress localAddress) { validate(); if (localAddress == null) { throw new NullPointerException("localAddress"); } return doBind(localAddress); } private ChannelFuture doBind(final SocketAddress localAddress) { final ChannelFuture regFuture = initAndRegister(); final Channel channel = regFuture.channel(); if (regFuture.cause() != null) { return regFuture; } if (regFuture.isDone()) { // At this point we know that the registration was complete and successful. ChannelPromise promise = channel.newPromise(); doBind0(regFuture, channel, localAddress, promise); return promise; } ...... } 复制代码
在源码里注意到一个 initAndRegister()
方法,这个方法就负责 NioServerSocketChannel
的初始化和注册操作,走进 initAndRegister()
方法,如下图所示:
从上图可以看出,源码里是调用 channelFactory.newChannel()
来创建 channel , 走进 ChannelFactory
发现该接口被 @Deprecated
注解标注了,说明是一个过时的接口:
@Deprecated public interface ChannelFactory<T extends Channel> { /** * Creates a new channel. */ T newChannel(); } 复制代码
我用的Netty版本是 Netty-4.1.29
,其Netty API 文档 中介绍 io.netty.bootstrap.ChannelFactory
提到用 io.netty.channel.ChannelFactory
代替。
这里 ChannelFactory
只是一个工厂接口,真正创建 Channel
的是 ReflectiveChannelFactory 类,它是 ChannelFactory
的一个重要实现类,该类通过反射方式创建 Channel
,源代码如下:
public class ReflectiveChannelFactory<T extends Channel> implements ChannelFactory<T> { private final Class<? extends T> clazz; public ReflectiveChannelFactory(Class<? extends T> clazz) { if (clazz == null) { throw new NullPointerException("clazz"); } this.clazz = clazz; } @Override public T newChannel() { try { return clazz.getConstructor().newInstance(); } catch (Throwable t) { throw new ChannelException("Unable to create Channel from class " + clazz, t); } } @Override public String toString() { return StringUtil.simpleClassName(clazz) + ".class"; } } 复制代码
其中 newChannel()
方法通过 clazz.getConstructor().newInstance()
来创建 Channel,即通过反射方式来创建 Channel,而这个 clazz
就是 通过 ServerBootStrap
的 channel
方法传入的,最开始的服务端代码传入的 NioServerSocketChannel ,所以对应通过反射创建了 NioServerSocketChannel ,并且 ChannelFactory
的初始化也是在该方法中进行的,代码如下:
public B channel(Class<? extends C> channelClass) { if (channelClass == null) { throw new NullPointerException("channelClass"); } return channelFactory(new ReflectiveChannelFactory<C>(channelClass)); } 复制代码
到此, NioServerSocketChannel
的创建过程大体结束,再次总结一下:
-
ServerBootstrap
中的ChannelFactory
的实现是ReflectiveChannelFactory
- 生成的 Channel的具体类型是
NioServerSocketChannel
-
Channel
的实例化过程其实就是调用ChannelFactory.newChannel
方法,实际上是通过反射方式进行创建的
NioServerSocketChanel的实例化过程
在前面的分析中,NioServerSocketChannel是通过反射创建的,它的构造方法如下:
private static ServerSocketChannel newSocket(SelectorProvider provider) { try { /** * Use the {@link SelectorProvider} to open {@link SocketChannel} and so remove condition in * {@link SelectorProvider#provider()} which is called by each ServerSocketChannel.open() otherwise. * * See <a href="https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/2308">#2308</a>. */ return provider.openServerSocketChannel(); } catch (IOException e) { throw new ChannelException( "Failed to open a server socket.", e); } } /** * Create a new instance */ public NioServerSocketChannel() { this(newSocket(DEFAULT_SELECTOR_PROVIDER)); } 复制代码
方法newSocket利用 provider.openServerSocketChannel()
生成Nio中的 ServerSocketChannel
对象,然后调用重载的构造器:
public NioServerSocketChannel(ServerSocketChannel channel) { super(null, channel, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT); config = new NioServerSocketChannelConfig(this, javaChannel().socket()); } 复制代码
该构造器中,调用了父类的构造器,传入的参数是 SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT
,这个参数对于有Java NIO编程经验的人来说应该非常熟悉,在Java NIO中服务端要监听客户端的连接请求,就向多路复用器 Selector
注册 SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT
客户端连接事件,而Netty又是基于 Java NIO开发的,这里可见一斑。接着进入父类构造器:
protected AbstractNioMessageChannel(Channel parent, SelectableChannel ch, int readInterestOp) { super(parent, ch, readInterestOp); } 复制代码
然后:
protected AbstractNioChannel(Channel parent, SelectableChannel ch, int readInterestOp) { super(parent); this.ch = ch; this.readInterestOp = readInterestOp; try { ch.configureBlocking(false); } catch (IOException e) { try { ch.close(); } catch (IOException e2) { if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) { logger.warn( "Failed to close a partially initialized socket.", e2); } } throw new ChannelException("Failed to enter non-blocking mode.", e); } } 复制代码
设置当前 ServerSocketChannel为非阻塞通道,然后再次进入父类构造器 AbstractChannel(Channel parent)
:
protected AbstractChannel(Channel parent) { this.parent = parent; id = newId(); unsafe = newUnsafe(); pipeline = newChannelPipeline(); } 复制代码
- parent属性设置为null
- 初始化unsafe,用来负责底层的connect,register,read和write操作
- 初始化pipeline,在实例化一个Channel的同时,当有事件发生的时候,pipeline负责调用相应的Handler进行处理
关于 unsafe
Netty中的 unsafe
不是JDK中的 sun.misc.Unsafe
,该 unsafe
实际是封装了 Java 底层 Socket的操作,因此是沟通 Netty上层和Java 底层重要的桥梁。
ChannelPipeline的初始化
每个Channel都有对应的 ChannelPipeline
,当一个Channel被创建时,对应的ChannelPipeline也会自动创建,在上面分析 NioServerSocketChannel
实例化过程就看到,在其父类构造器中,有初始化一个 pipeline
,对应源代码如下:
public abstract class AbstractChannel extends DefaultAttributeMap implements Channel { ..... private final Channel parent; private final ChannelId id; private final Unsafe unsafe; private final DefaultChannelPipeline pipeline; ...... /** * Creates a new instance. * * @param parent * the parent of this channel. {@code null} if there's no parent. */ protected AbstractChannel(Channel parent) { this.parent = parent; id = newId(); unsafe = newUnsafe(); pipeline = newChannelPipeline(); } ...... /** * Returns a new {@link DefaultChannelPipeline} instance. */ protected DefaultChannelPipeline newChannelPipeline() { return new DefaultChannelPipeline(this); } 复制代码
从上面代码看到,pipeline最终被初始化为一个 DefaultChannelPipeline
, DefaultChannelPipeline
是 ChannelPipeline
的实现类,进入它的构造方法,如下:
protected DefaultChannelPipeline(Channel channel) { this.channel = ObjectUtil.checkNotNull(channel, "channel"); succeededFuture = new SucceededChannelFuture(channel, null); voidPromise = new VoidChannelPromise(channel, true); tail = new TailContext(this); head = new HeadContext(this); head.next = tail; tail.prev = head; } 复制代码
该构造方法有一个参数 channel
,这个 channel
就是我们之前传入的 NioServerSocketChannel
。关于该构造器其他方法以及 ChannelPipeline
更详细的介绍将在后续文章分析。
NioEventLoopGroup
在我们最开始的Netty服务端代码中初始化了两个 NioEventLoopGroup
,即一个处理客户端连接请求的线程池—— bossGroup
,一个处理客户端读写操作的线程池—— workerGroup
:
EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(1); EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(); 复制代码
NioEventLoopGroup
的类继承结构图如下所示:
从图中可以看到, NioEventLoopGroup
实现了 Executor
接口, Executor
框架可以用来创建线程池的,也是一个线程执行器。关于 Executor
框架更加详细的介绍请参阅《Java并发编程的艺术》
NioEventLoopGroup
看了 NioEventLoopGroup
的类继承结构,下面来分析一下它的初始化过程,构造器源代码如下:
...... public NioEventLoopGroup(int nThreads) { this(nThreads, (Executor) null); } ...... public NioEventLoopGroup(int nThreads, Executor executor) { this(nThreads, executor, SelectorProvider.provider()); } ...... public NioEventLoopGroup( int nThreads, Executor executor, final SelectorProvider selectorProvider) { this(nThreads, executor, selectorProvider, DefaultSelectStrategyFactory.INSTANCE); } public NioEventLoopGroup(int nThreads, Executor executor, final SelectorProvider selectorProvider, final SelectStrategyFactory selectStrategyFactory) { super(nThreads, executor, selectorProvider, selectStrategyFactory, RejectedExecutionHandlers.reject()); } 复制代码
上面几个重载构造器其实没做啥,最终调用父类 MultithreadEventLoopGroup 的构造器,
protected MultithreadEventLoopGroup(int nThreads, Executor executor, Object... args) { super(nThreads == 0 ? DEFAULT_EVENT_LOOP_THREADS : nThreads, executor, args); } 复制代码
这里需要注意的是如果我们传入的线程数 nThreads
是 0 的话,那么Netty将会为我们设置默认的线程数 DEFAULT_EVENT_LOOP_THREADS
,这个默认值是 处理器核心数 * 2 ,如下:
static { DEFAULT_EVENT_LOOP_THREADS = Math.max(1, SystemPropertyUtil.getInt( "io.netty.eventLoopThreads", NettyRuntime.availableProcessors() * 2)); if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) { logger.debug("-Dio.netty.eventLoopThreads: {}", DEFAULT_EVENT_LOOP_THREADS); } } 复制代码
在 bossGroup
这个线程池我们传入的 nThread
是1,实际上在 bossGroup
中只会有一个线程用于处理客户端连接请求,所以这里设置为1,而不使用默认的线程数,至于为什么只用一个线程处理连接请求还需用线程池,在Stack Overflow有相关问题的讨论。
然后回来再次进入父类 MultithreadEventExecutorGroup 的构造器,
...... protected MultithreadEventExecutorGroup(int nThreads, Executor executor, Object... args) { this(nThreads, executor, DefaultEventExecutorChooserFactory.INSTANCE, args); } ...... protected MultithreadEventExecutorGroup(int nThreads, Executor executor, EventExecutorChooserFactory chooserFactory, Object... args) { if (nThreads <= 0) { throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format("nThreads: %d (expected: > 0)", nThreads)); } if (executor == null) { executor = new ThreadPerTaskExecutor(newDefaultThreadFactory()); } children = new EventExecutor[nThreads]; for (int i = 0; i < nThreads; i ++) { boolean success = false; try { children[i] = newChild(executor, args); success = true; } catch (Exception e) { // TODO: Think about if this is a good exception type throw new IllegalStateException("failed to create a child event loop", e); } finally { if (!success) { for (int j = 0; j < i; j ++) { children[j].shutdownGracefully(); } for (int j = 0; j < i; j ++) { EventExecutor e = children[j]; try { while (!e.isTerminated()) { e.awaitTermination(Integer.MAX_VALUE, TimeUnit.SECONDS); } } catch (InterruptedException interrupted) { // Let the caller handle the interruption. Thread.currentThread().interrupt(); break; } } } } } chooser = chooserFactory.newChooser(children); final FutureListener<Object> terminationListener = new FutureListener<Object>() { @Override public void operationComplete(Future<Object> future) throws Exception { if (terminatedChildren.incrementAndGet() == children.length) { terminationFuture.setSuccess(null); } } }; for (EventExecutor e: children) { e.terminationFuture().addListener(terminationListener); } Set<EventExecutor> childrenSet = new LinkedHashSet<EventExecutor>(children.length); Collections.addAll(childrenSet, children); readonlyChildren = Collections.unmodifiableSet(childrenSet); } 复制代码
MultithreadEventExecutorGroup
管理着 eventLoop
的生命周期,它有几个变量:
- children : EventExecutor数组,保存eventloop
- chooser : 线程选择器,从children中选取一个 eventloop的策略
MultithreadEventExecutorGroup
的构造器主要分为以下几个步骤:
- 创建线程执行器——
ThreadPerTaskExecutor
- 调用
newChild
方法初始化children
数组 - 创建线程选择器——
chooser
创建ThreadPerTaskExecutor
我们一开始初始化 NioEventLoopGroup
,并没有传入 Executor
参数:
public NioEventLoopGroup(int nThreads) { this(nThreads, (Executor) null); } 复制代码
所以到父类 MultithreadEventExecutorGroup
构造器时,executor 为null, 然后执行:
if (executor == null) { executor = new ThreadPerTaskExecutor(newDefaultThreadFactory()); } 复制代码
ThreadPerTaskExecutor是一个线程执行器,它实现了 Executor
接口,
public final class ThreadPerTaskExecutor implements Executor { private final ThreadFactory threadFactory; public ThreadPerTaskExecutor(ThreadFactory threadFactory) { if (threadFactory == null) { throw new NullPointerException("threadFactory"); } this.threadFactory = threadFactory; } @Override public void execute(Runnable command) { threadFactory.newThread(command).start(); } } 复制代码
ThreadPerTaskExecutor 实现了 execute
方法,每次通过调用 execute
方法执行线程任务
调用 newChild 方法初始化 children 数组
children[i] = newChild(executor, args); 复制代码
在一个for循环里,nThread线程数是总的循环次数,通过 newChild方法初始化 EventExecutor数组的每个元素,而 newChild
方法如下:
@Override protected EventLoop newChild(Executor executor, Object... args) throws Exception { return new NioEventLoop(this, executor, (SelectorProvider) args[0], ((SelectStrategyFactory) args[1]).newSelectStrategy(), (RejectedExecutionHandler) args[2]); } 复制代码
每次循环通过newChild实例化一个 NioEventLoop
对象。
创建线程选择器——chooser
public EventExecutorChooser newChooser(EventExecutor[] executors) { if (isPowerOfTwo(executors.length)) { return new PowerOfTwoEventExecutorChooser(executors); } else { return new GenericEventExecutorChooser(executors); } } ...... private static boolean isPowerOfTwo(int val) { return (val & -val) == val; } 复制代码
根据 EventExecutor[]
数组的大小,采用不同策略初始化一个 Chooser,如果大小为 2的幂次方则采用 PowerOfTwoEventExecutorChooser
,否则使用 GenericEventExecutorChooser
。 无论使用哪个 chooser,它们的功能都是一样的,即从 EventExecutor[]
数组中,这里也就是 NioEventLoop
数组中,选择一个合适的 NioEventLoop
。
NioEventLoop的初始化
protected EventLoop newChild(Executor executor, Object... args) throws Exception { return new NioEventLoop(this, executor, (SelectorProvider) args[0], ((SelectStrategyFactory) args[1]).newSelectStrategy(), (RejectedExecutionHandler) args[2]); } 复制代码
从前面的分析就可以看到,通过 newChild方法初始化 NioEventLoopGroup
中的 NioEventLoop
,下面来看下 NioEventLoop
的构造方法是怎样的:
NioEventLoop(NioEventLoopGroup parent, Executor executor, SelectorProvider selectorProvider, SelectStrategy strategy, RejectedExecutionHandler rejectedExecutionHandler) { super(parent, executor, false, DEFAULT_MAX_PENDING_TASKS, rejectedExecutionHandler); if (selectorProvider == null) { throw new NullPointerException("selectorProvider"); } if (strategy == null) { throw new NullPointerException("selectStrategy"); } provider = selectorProvider; final SelectorTuple selectorTuple = openSelector(); selector = selectorTuple.selector; unwrappedSelector = selectorTuple.unwrappedSelector; selectStrategy = strategy; } 复制代码
之前在 NioEventLoopGroup
的构造器中通过 SelectorProvider.provider()
创建了一个 SelectorProvider
,这里传递给了NioEventLoop中的provider,而 NioEventLoop
又通过 openSelector()
方法获取一个 selector对象,实际上是通过 provider
的 openSelector
方法。这不就是 对应Java NIO中的创建多路复用器 selector。(这里只是简单阐述NioEventLoop的构造方法,后续文章会对NioEventLoop做更加详细的分析)
Channel的注册过程
前面已经介绍了 Channel的创建和初始化过程,是在 initAndRegister
方法中进行的,这个方法里还会将初始化好的 channel注册到 EventLoop
线程中去
final ChannelFuture initAndRegister() { Channel channel = null; try { channel = channelFactory.newChannel(); init(channel); } catch (Throwable t) { ..... } ChannelFuture regFuture = config().group().register(channel); ...... } 复制代码
调用 config().group().register
方法将 channel注册到 EventLoopGroup
中去,其目的就是 为了实现NIO中把ServerSocketChannel注册到 Selector中去,这样就是可以实现client请求的监听 ,代码如下:
public ChannelFuture register(Channel channel) { return next().register(channel); } ...... public EventLoop next() { return (EventLoop) super.next(); } 复制代码
父类MultithreadEventExecutorGroup的next()方法,next方法使用 chooser策略从 EventExecutor[]
数组中选择一个 SingleThreadEventLoop
:
public EventExecutor next() { return chooser.next(); } ..... public EventExecutor next() { return executors[idx.getAndIncrement() & executors.length - 1]; } 复制代码
然后再执行 SingleThreadEventLoop
的 register()
注册方法:
public ChannelFuture register(Channel channel) { return register(new DefaultChannelPromise(channel, this)); } ... public ChannelFuture register(final ChannelPromise promise) { ObjectUtil.checkNotNull(promise, "promise"); promise.channel().unsafe().register(this, promise); return promise; } 复制代码
上面代码调用了 unsafe的register方法,具体是 AbstractUnsafe.register
,而unsafe主要用于实现底层的 rergister,read,write等操作。该 register
方法是:
public final void register(EventLoop eventLoop, final ChannelPromise promise) { ...... AbstractChannel.this.eventLoop = eventLoop; if (eventLoop.inEventLoop()) { register0(promise); } else { ...... } } 复制代码
将 eventLoop 赋值给 Channel 的 eventLoop 属性,然后又调用了 register0()方法:
private void register0(ChannelPromise promise) { try { ...... boolean firstRegistration = neverRegistered; doRegister(); neverRegistered = false; registered = true; pipeline.invokeHandlerAddedIfNeeded(); safeSetSuccess(promise); pipeline.fireChannelRegistered(); if (isActive()) { if (firstRegistration) { pipeline.fireChannelActive(); } else if (config().isAutoRead()) { beginRead(); } } } catch (Throwable t) { ...... } } 复制代码
上面有个关键方法就是 doRegister()
, doRegister
才是最终Nio的注册方法:
protected void doRegister() throws Exception { boolean selected = false; for (;;) { try { selectionKey = javaChannel().register(eventLoop().unwrappedSelector(), 0, this); return; } catch (CancelledKeyException e) { if (!selected) { eventLoop().selectNow(); selected = true; } else { throw e; } } } } 复制代码
通过 javaChannel().register(eventLoop().unwrappedSelector(), 0, this)
将 Channel对应的Java NIO ServerSocketChannel注册到 EventLoop
中的Selector上,最终完成了channel向eventLoop的注册过程。
这里总结下 Channel注册过程中函数调用链: AbstractBootstrap.initAndRegister -> MultithreadEventLoopGroup.register -> SingleThreadEventLoop.register -> AbstractUnsafe.register -> AbstractUnsafe.register0 -> AbstractNioChannel.doRegister()
添加 ChannelHandler
在之前的 initAndRegister()
方法里,里面有个 init()
方法,如下:
void init(Channel channel) throws Exception { final Map<ChannelOption<?>, Object> options = options0(); synchronized (options) { setChannelOptions(channel, options, logger); } final Map<AttributeKey<?>, Object> attrs = attrs0(); synchronized (attrs) { for (Entry<AttributeKey<?>, Object> e: attrs.entrySet()) { @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") AttributeKey<Object> key = (AttributeKey<Object>) e.getKey(); channel.attr(key).set(e.getValue()); } } ChannelPipeline p = channel.pipeline(); final EventLoopGroup currentChildGroup = childGroup; final ChannelHandler currentChildHandler = childHandler; final Entry<ChannelOption<?>, Object>[] currentChildOptions; final Entry<AttributeKey<?>, Object>[] currentChildAttrs; synchronized (childOptions) { currentChildOptions = childOptions.entrySet().toArray(newOptionArray(0)); } synchronized (childAttrs) { currentChildAttrs = childAttrs.entrySet().toArray(newAttrArray(0)); } p.addLast(new ChannelInitializer<Channel>() { @Override public void initChannel(final Channel ch) throws Exception { final ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline(); ChannelHandler handler = config.handler(); if (handler != null) { pipeline.addLast(handler); } ch.eventLoop().execute(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { pipeline.addLast(new ServerBootstrapAcceptor( ch, currentChildGroup, currentChildHandler, currentChildOptions, currentChildAttrs)); } }); } }); } 复制代码
在 init()
方法中设置服务端自定义的 ChannelOptions,ChannelAttrs
属性和为服务端Channel创建出来的新连接的Channel设置的自定义属性 ChildOptions,ChildAttrs
,这里就不多叙述设置参数的问题了,重点关注 pipeline
的 addLast
方法,该方法就是添加用于处理出站和入站数据流的 ChannelHandler,而 pipeline
是从 channel
中获取的,之前分析过当创建 channel
时会自动创建一个对应的 channelPipeline
。
至于 ChannelInitializer
又是什么,来看下它的类继承结构图就知道了:
ChannelInitializer
是一个抽象类,实现了 ChannelHandler
接口,它有一个抽象方法 initChannel
,上面代码实现了该方法并且添加了 bootstrap
的handler,逻辑如下:
..... //1 ChannelHandler handler = config.handler(); if (handler != null) { pipeline.addLast(handler); } ...... //2 public final ChannelHandler handler() { return bootstrap.handler(); } ...... //3 final ChannelHandler handler() { return handler; } 复制代码
initChannel
添加的 Handler
就是我们服务端代码中 serverbootstrap
设置的 handler
,如下:
b.group(bossGroup, workerGroup) .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class) .option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 100) .handler(new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.INFO)) .childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() { @Override public void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) { ChannelPipeline p = ch.pipeline(); //p.addLast(new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.INFO)); p.addLast(serverHandler); } }); 复制代码
示例代码设置的handler为 LoggingHandler
,用于处理日志,这里不细说。上面的 initChannel
方法可以添加 Handler
,这里的 serverbootstrap
启动类还增加了 childHandler 方法,也是用来添加 handler,只不过是向已经连接的 channel客户端的 channnelpipeline
添加 handler
。
serverbootstrap.handler()
设置的 handler
在初始化就会执行,而 serverbootstrap.childHandler()
设置的 childHandler
在客户端连接成功才会执行
小结
由于自身知识与经验有限,对Netty的服务端启动源码分析得不是很全面,在此过程中也参考了一些大佬的Netty源码分析文章,本文如有错误之处,欢迎指出。
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Beginning PHP and MySQL 5
W. Jason Gilmore / Apress / 2006-01-23 / USD 44.99
Beginning PHP and MySQL 5: From Novice to Professional, Second Edition offers comprehensive information about two of the most prominent open source technologies on the planet: the PHP scripting langua......一起来看看 《Beginning PHP and MySQL 5》 这本书的介绍吧!