内容简介：For testing Android apps, you typically create these types of automated unit tests:对于Android Studio3来说，新建项目后一般已经引入了这些依赖包。检查并指定
For testing Android apps, you typically create these types of automated unit tests:
- Local tests: Unit tests that run on your local machine only. These tests are compiled to run locally on the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) to minimize execution time. Use this approach to run unit tests that have no dependencies on the Android framework or have dependencies that can be filled by using mock objects.
-
Instrumented tests:
Unit tests that run on an Android device or emulator. These tests have access to instrumentation information, such as the
[Context](https://developer.android.com/reference/android/content/Context.html)for the app under test. Use this approach to run unit tests that have Android dependencies which cannot be easily filled by using mock objects.
使用 junit
+ espresso
进行测试
引入依赖包
对于Android Studio3来说，新建项目后一般已经引入了这些依赖包。
testImplementation 'junit:junit:4.12' androidTestImplementation 'com.android.support.test:runner:1.0.2' androidTestImplementation 'com.android.support.test:rules:1.0.2' androidTestImplementation 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.0.2'
检查并指定 testInstrumentationRunner
。
android {
// ...
defaultConfig {
// ....
testInstrumentationRunner "android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
}
}
否则可能会报错： junit.framework.AssertionFailedError: No tests found xxx
编写单元测试代码
espresso
功能点
记录一些常用的基础功能。
大多数都在 android.support.test.espresso
包里。
-
Espresso.onView获取一个可与View交互的对象ViewInteraction。 -
ViewMatchers.withId获取Matcher。
代码示例
以aboutView项目中的单元测试代码为例，针对 AddDataActivity
。
import android.support.test.filters.LargeTest;
import android.support.test.rule.ActivityTestRule;
import android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import com.rust.aboutview.contactview.AddDataActivity;
import org.hamcrest.Matcher;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Rule;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import static android.support.test.espresso.Espresso.onView;
import static android.support.test.espresso.action.ViewActions.click;
import static android.support.test.espresso.action.ViewActions.replaceText;
import static android.support.test.espresso.assertion.ViewAssertions.matches;
import static android.support.test.espresso.matcher.ViewMatchers.isClickable;
import static android.support.test.espresso.matcher.ViewMatchers.isDisplayed;
import static android.support.test.espresso.matcher.ViewMatchers.isEnabled;
import static android.support.test.espresso.matcher.ViewMatchers.withId;
import static android.support.test.espresso.matcher.ViewMatchers.withText;
import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.not;
@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
@LargeTest
public class UITest1 {
private static final String TAG = "rustAppUnitTest";
@Rule
public ActivityTestRule<AddDataActivity> mAddData = new ActivityTestRule<>(AddDataActivity.class); // 必须是public
@Before
public void prepareData() {
System.out.println("做一些准备工作,比如预装数据");
Log.d(TAG, "prepareData.");
}
/// 检查初始状态
@Test
public void checkDefStatus() {
onView(withText("Add Data")).check(matches(isDisplayed()));
onView(withId(R.id.done_add_data_button)).check(matches(not(isEnabled())));
onView(withId(R.id.done_add_data_button)).check(matches((isClickable())));
}
@Test
public void addPersonData() {
Log.d(TAG, "addPersonData test starts.");
Matcher<View> confirmBtn = withId(R.id.done_add_data_button);
Matcher<View> nameEt = withId(R.id.add_name);
Matcher<View> phoneEt = withId(R.id.add_phone);
Matcher<View> emailEt = withId(R.id.add_email);
onView(nameEt).perform(replaceText("Test Name " + System.currentTimeMillis()));
onView(confirmBtn).check(matches(isEnabled())); // 输入用户名后的状态
onView(phoneEt).perform(replaceText("13312345678"));
onView(emailEt).perform(replaceText("xx@yy.com"));
onView(confirmBtn).perform(click());
}
}
这个测试执行后，可以正常打开app看看。
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