通过ELK快速搭建集中化日志平台

在项目初期的时候，大家都是赶着上线，一般来说对日志没有过多的考虑，当然日志量也不大，所以用log4net就够了，随着应用的越来越多，日志散落在各个服务器的logs文件夹下，确实有点不大方便，这个时候就想到了，在log4net中配置 mysql 的数据源，不过这里面有一个坑，熟悉log4net的同学知道写入mysql有一个batch的阈值，比如说batchcache中有100条，才写入mysql，这样的话，就有一个延迟的效果，而且如果batchcache中不满100条的话，你在mysql中是看不到最新的100条日志。而且采用中心化的mysql，涉及到tcp传输，其中的性能大家也应该明白，而且mysql没有一个好的日志界面，只能自己去写UI，所以还还得继续寻找其他的解决方案，也就是本篇的ELK。

一：ELK名字解释

ELK就是ElasticSearch + LogStash + Kibana，这三样搭配起来确实非常不错，先画张图给大家看一下。

1. LogStash

它可以流放到各自的服务器上收集Log日志，通过内置的ElasticSearch插件解析后输出到ES中。

2.ElasticSearch

这是一个基于Lucene的分布式全文搜索框架，可以对logs进行分布式存储，有点像hdfs哈。。。

3. Kibana

所有的log日志都到ElasticSearch之后，我们需要给他展示出来，对吧？ 这个时候Kibana就出手了，它可以多维度的展示es中的数据。这也解决了

用mysql存储带来了难以可视化的问题。

二：快速搭建

上面只是名词解释，为了演示，我只在一台CentOS上面搭建了。

1.  官方下载 :https://www.elastic.co/cn/products，在下面这张图上，我们找到对应的三个产品，进行下载就好了。

[root@slave1 myapp]# ls

elasticsearch              kafka_2.11-1.0.0.tgz              nginx-1.13.6.tar.gz

elasticsearch-5.6.4.tar.gz  kibana                            node

elasticsearch-head          kibana-5.2.0-linux-x86_64.tar.gz  node-v8.9.1-linux-x64.tar.xz

images                      logstash                          portal

java                        logstash-5.6.3.tar.gz            service

jdk1.8                      logstash-tutorial-dataset        sql

jdk-8u144-linux-x64.tar.gz  nginx

kafka                      nginx-1.13.6

[root@slave1 myapp]#

我这里下载的是elasticsearch 5.6.4，kibana5.2.0 ，logstash5.6.3三个版本。。。然后用 tar -xzvf解压一下。

2. logstash配置

解压完之后，我们到config目录中新建一个logstash.conf配置。

[root@slave1 config]# ls

jvm.options  log4j2.properties  logstash.conf  logstash.yml  startup.options

[root@slave1 config]# pwd

/usr/myapp/logstash/config

[root@slave1 config]# vim logstash.conf

然后做好input ，filter，output三大块， 其中input是吸取logs文件下的所有log后缀的日志文件，filter是一个过滤函数，这里不用配置，output配置了导入到

hosts为127.0.0.1:9200的elasticsearch中，每天一个索引。

input {
     file {
        type => "log"
        path => "/logs/*.log"
        start_position => "beginning"
    }
}
output {
  stdout {
   codec => rubydebug { }
  }
  elasticsearch {
    hosts => "127.0.0.1"
    index => "log-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
  }
}

配置完了之后，我们就可以到bin目录下启动logstash了，配置文件设置为conf/logstash.conf，从下图中可以看到，当前开启的是9600端口。

[root@slave1 bin]# ls

cpdump            logstash      logstash.lib.sh  logstash-plugin.bat  setup.bat

ingest-convert.sh  logstash.bat  logstash-plugin  ruby                system-install

[root@slave1 bin]# ./logstash -f ../config/logstash.conf

Sending Logstash's logs to /usr/myapp/logstash/logs which is now configured via log4j2.properties

[2017-11-28T17:11:53,411][INFO ][logstash.modules.scaffold] Initializing module {:module_name=>"fb_apache", :directory=>"/usr/myapp/logstash/modules/fb_apache/configuration"}

[2017-11-28T17:11:53,414][INFO ][logstash.modules.scaffold] Initializing module {:module_name=>"netflow", :directory=>"/usr/myapp/logstash/modules/netflow/configuration"}

[2017-11-28T17:11:54,063][INFO ][logstash.outputs.elasticsearch] Elasticsearch pool URLs updated {:changes=>{:removed=>[], :added=>[http://127.0.0.1:9200/]}}

[2017-11-28T17:11:54,066][INFO ][logstash.outputs.elasticsearch] Running health check to see if an Elasticsearch connection is working {:healthcheck_url=>http://127.0.0.1:9200/, :path=>"/"}

[2017-11-28T17:11:54,199][WARN ][logstash.outputs.elasticsearch] Restored connection to ES instance {:url=>"http://127.0.0.1:9200/"}

[2017-11-28T17:11:54,244][INFO ][logstash.outputs.elasticsearch] Using mapping template from {:path=>nil}

[2017-11-28T17:11:54,247][INFO ][logstash.outputs.elasticsearch] Attempting to install template {:manage_template=>{"template"=>"logstash-*", "version"=>50001, "settings"=>{"index.refresh_interval"=>"5s"}, "mappings"=>{"_default_"=>{"_all"=>{"enabled"=>true, "norms"=>false}, "dynamic_templates"=>[{"message_field"=>{"path_match"=>"message", "match_mapping_type"=>"string", "mapping"=>{"type"=>"text", "norms"=>false}}}, {"string_fields"=>{"match"=>"*", "match_mapping_type"=>"string", "mapping"=>{"type"=>"text", "norms"=>false, "fields"=>{"keyword"=>{"type"=>"keyword", "ignore_above"=>256}}}}}], "properties"=>{"@timestamp"=>{"type"=>"date", "include_in_all"=>false}, "@version"=>{"type"=>"keyword", "include_in_all"=>false}, "geoip"=>{"dynamic"=>true, "properties"=>{"ip"=>{"type"=>"ip"}, "location"=>{"type"=>"geo_point"}, "latitude"=>{"type"=>"half_float"}, "longitude"=>{"type"=>"half_float"}}}}}}}}

[2017-11-28T17:11:54,265][INFO ][logstash.outputs.elasticsearch] New Elasticsearch output {:class=>"LogStash::Outputs::ElasticSearch", :hosts=>["//127.0.0.1"]}

[2017-11-28T17:11:54,266][INFO ][logstash.pipeline        ] Starting pipeline {"id"=>"main", "pipeline.workers"=>2, "pipeline.batch.size"=>125, "pipeline.batch.delay"=>5, "pipeline.max_inflight"=>250}

[2017-11-28T17:11:54,427][INFO ][logstash.pipeline        ] Pipeline main started

[2017-11-28T17:11:54,493][INFO ][logstash.agent          ] Successfully started Logstash API endpoint {:port=>9600}

3. elasticSearch 

这个其实也是ELK中的核心，启动的时候一定要注意，因为es不可以进行root账户启动，所以你还需要开启一个elsearch账户。

groupadd elsearch                  #新建elsearch组

useradd elsearch -g elsearch -p elasticsearch  #新建一个elsearch用户

chown -R elsearch:elsearch  ./elasticsearch    #指定elasticsearch所属elsearch组

接下来我们默认启动就好了，什么也不用配置，然后在日志中大概可以看到开启了9200，9300端口。

[elsearch@slave1 bin]$ ./elasticsearch
[2017-11-28T17:19:36,893][INFO ][o.e.n.Node               ] [] initializing ...
[2017-11-28T17:19:36,973][INFO ][o.e.e.NodeEnvironment    ] [0bC8MSi] using [1] data paths, mounts [[/ (rootfs)]], net usable_space [17.9gb], net total_space [27.6gb], spins? [unknown], types [rootfs]
[2017-11-28T17:19:36,974][INFO ][o.e.e.NodeEnvironment    ] [0bC8MSi] heap size [1.9gb], compressed ordinary object pointers [true]
[2017-11-28T17:19:36,982][INFO ][o.e.n.Node               ] node name [0bC8MSi] derived from node ID [0bC8MSi_SUywaqz_Zl-MFA]; set [node.name] to override
[2017-11-28T17:19:36,982][INFO ][o.e.n.Node               ] version[5.6.4], pid[12592], build[8bbedf5/2017-10-31T18:55:38.105Z], OS[Linux/3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64/amd64], JVM[Oracle Corporation/Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM/1.8.0_144/25.144-b01]
[2017-11-28T17:19:36,982][INFO ][o.e.n.Node               ] JVM arguments [-Xms2g, -Xmx2g, -XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC, -XX:CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction=75, -XX:+UseCMSInitiatingOccupancyOnly, -XX:+AlwaysPreTouch, -Xss1m, -Djava.awt.headless=true, -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8, -Djna.nosys=true, -Djdk.io.permissionSUSECanonicalPath=true, -Dio.netty.noUnsafe=true, -Dio.netty.noKeySetOptimization=true, -Dio.netty.recycler.maxCapacityPerThread=0, -Dlog4j.shutdownHookEnabled=false, -Dlog4j2.disable.jmx=true, -Dlog4j.skipJansi=true, -XX:+HeapDumpOnOutOfMemoryError, -Des.path.home=/usr/myapp/elasticsearch]
[2017-11-28T17:19:37,780][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService     ] [0bC8MSi] loaded module [aggs-matrix-stats]
[2017-11-28T17:19:37,780][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService     ] [0bC8MSi] loaded module [ingest-common]
[2017-11-28T17:19:37,780][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService     ] [0bC8MSi] loaded module [lang-expression]
[2017-11-28T17:19:37,780][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService     ] [0bC8MSi] loaded module [lang-groovy]
[2017-11-28T17:19:37,780][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService     ] [0bC8MSi] loaded module [lang-mustache]
[2017-11-28T17:19:37,780][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService     ] [0bC8MSi] loaded module [lang-painless]
[2017-11-28T17:19:37,780][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService     ] [0bC8MSi] loaded module [parent-join]
[2017-11-28T17:19:37,780][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService     ] [0bC8MSi] loaded module [percolator]
[2017-11-28T17:19:37,781][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService     ] [0bC8MSi] loaded module [reindex]
[2017-11-28T17:19:37,781][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService     ] [0bC8MSi] loaded module [transport-netty3]
[2017-11-28T17:19:37,781][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService     ] [0bC8MSi] loaded module [transport-netty4]
[2017-11-28T17:19:37,781][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService     ] [0bC8MSi] no plugins loaded
[2017-11-28T17:19:39,782][INFO ][o.e.d.DiscoveryModule    ] [0bC8MSi] using discovery type [zen]
[2017-11-28T17:19:40,409][INFO ][o.e.n.Node               ] initialized
[2017-11-28T17:19:40,409][INFO ][o.e.n.Node               ] [0bC8MSi] starting ...
[2017-11-28T17:19:40,539][INFO ][o.e.t.TransportService   ] [0bC8MSi] publish_address {192.168.23.151:9300}, bound_addresses {[::]:9300}
[2017-11-28T17:19:40,549][INFO ][o.e.b.BootstrapChecks    ] [0bC8MSi] bound or publishing to a non-loopback or non-link-local address, enforcing bootstrap checks
[2017-11-28T17:19:43,638][INFO ][o.e.c.s.ClusterService   ] [0bC8MSi] new_master {0bC8MSi}{0bC8MSi_SUywaqz_Zl-MFA}{xcbC53RVSHajdLop7sdhpA}{192.168.23.151}{192.168.23.151:9300}, reason: zen-disco-elected-as-master ([0] nodes joined)
[2017-11-28T17:19:43,732][INFO ][o.e.h.n.Netty4HttpServerTransport] [0bC8MSi] publish_address {192.168.23.151:9200}, bound_addresses {[::]:9200}
[2017-11-28T17:19:43,733][INFO ][o.e.n.Node               ] [0bC8MSi] started
[2017-11-28T17:19:43,860][INFO ][o.e.g.GatewayService     ] [0bC8MSi] recovered [1] indices into cluster_state
[2017-11-28T17:19:44,035][INFO ][o.e.c.r.a.AllocationService] [0bC8MSi] Cluster health status changed from [RED] to [YELLOW] (reason: [shards started [[.kibana][0]] ...]).

4. kibana

它的配置也非常简单，你需要在kibana.yml文件中指定一下你需要读取的elasticSearch地址和可供外网访问的bind地址就可以了。

[root@slave1 config]# pwd
/usr/myapp/kibana/config
[root@slave1 config]# vim kibana.yml
elasticsearch.url: "http://localhost:9200"
server.host: 0.0.0.0

然后就是启动，从日志中可以看出，当前开了5601端口。

[root@slave1 kibana]# cd bin
[root@slave1 bin]# ls
kibana  kibana-plugin  nohup.out
[root@slave1 bin]# ./kibana
  log   [01:23:27.650] [info][status][plugin:kibana@5.2.0] Status changed from uninitialized to green - Ready
  log   [01:23:27.748] [info][status][plugin:elasticsearch@5.2.0] Status changed from uninitialized to yellow - Waiting for Elasticsearch
  log   [01:23:27.786] [info][status][plugin:console@5.2.0] Status changed from uninitialized to green - Ready
  log   [01:23:27.794] [warning] You're running Kibana 5.2.0 with some different versions of Elasticsearch. Update Kibana or Elasticsearch to the same version to prevent compatibility issues: v5.6.4 @ 192.168.23.151:9200 (192.168.23.151)
  log   [01:23:27.811] [info][status][plugin:elasticsearch@5.2.0] Status changed from yellow to green - Kibana index ready
  log   [01:23:28.250] [info][status][plugin:timelion@5.2.0] Status changed from uninitialized to green - Ready
  log   [01:23:28.255] [info][listening] Server running at http://0.0.0.0:5601
  log   [01:23:28.259] [info][status][ui settings] Status changed from uninitialized to green - Ready

5. 浏览器中输入：http://192.168.23.151:5601/ 你就可以打开kibana页面了，，默认让我指定一个查看的Index。

接下来我们在本机的/logs文件夹下创建一个简单的1.log文件，内容为“hello world”，然后在kibana上将logstash-*  改成 log* ，Create按钮就会自动出来。

[root@slave1 logs]# echo 'hello world' > 1.log

进入之后，点击Discover，你就可以找到你输入的内容啦~~~~ 是不是很帅气。。。

如果你装了head安装包，你还可以看到它确实带了日期模式的Index索引，还自带5个默认分片数。

好了，本篇就说这么多吧，希望对你有帮助。

更多 ELK 相关教程见以下内容 ：

基于CentOS 6.9搭建ELK环境指南 https://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-07/145636.htm

Linux日志分析ELK环境搭建  https://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-07/145494.htm

Logstash 监控日志文件时应对日志文件名改变的原理  https://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2016-08/133994.htm

使用Elasticsearch + Logstash + Kibana搭建日志集中分析平台实践  https://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2015-12/126587.htm

ELK日志管理平台搭建教程  https://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2018-07/153136.htm

CenttOS 6.6下部署ELK日志告警系统 https://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2018-05/152192.htm

CentOS 7单机部署ELK  https://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-11/148222.htm

CentOS 安装 Logstash 2.2.0 和 Elasticsearch 2.2.0  https://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2016-03/128794.htm

ELK日志管理平台搭建教程 https://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2018-07/153136.htm

ElasticSearch 的详细介绍 ： 请点这里

ElasticSearch 的下载地址 ： 请点这里

Linux公社的RSS地址： https://www.linuxidc.com/rssFeed.aspx

本文永久更新链接地址： https://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2018-09/153988.htm