内容简介：聊聊jdbc statement的fetchSize
这里以postgres jdbc driver为例，主要是因为postgres的jdbc driver有公开源码，而且命名比较规范。之前看oracle jdbc，由于没有源码，反编译出来一大堆var1，var2等的变量命名，非常晦涩。
默认情况下pgjdbc driver会一次性拉取所有结果集，也就是在executeQuery的时候。对于大数据量的查询来说，非常容易造成OOM。这种场景就需要设置fetchSize，执行query的时候先返回第一批数据，之后next完一批数据之后再去拉取下一批。
但是这个有几个要求：
- 数据库必须使用V3协议，即pg7.4+
- connection的autoCommit必须为false，因为开启autoCommit的话，查询完成cursor会被关闭，那么下次就不能再fetch了。另外ResultSet必须是ResultSet.TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY类型，这个是默认的。也就是说无法向后滚动。
- 查询语句必须是单条，不能是用分号组成的多条查询
实例代码
@Test
public void testReadTimeout() throws SQLException {
Connection connection = dataSource.getConnection();
//https://jdbc.postgresql.org/documentation/head/query.html
connection.setAutoCommit(false); //NOTE 为了设置fetchSize,必须设置为false
String sql = "select * from demo_table";
PreparedStatement pstmt;
try {
pstmt = (PreparedStatement)connection.prepareStatement(sql);
pstmt.setFetchSize(50);
System.out.println("ps.getQueryTimeout():" + pstmt.getQueryTimeout());
System.out.println("ps.getFetchSize():" + pstmt.getFetchSize());
System.out.println("ps.getFetchDirection():" + pstmt.getFetchDirection());
System.out.println("ps.getMaxFieldSize():" + pstmt.getMaxFieldSize());
ResultSet rs = pstmt.executeQuery();
//NOTE 这里返回了就代表statement执行完成,默认返回fetchSize的数据
int col = rs.getMetaData().getColumnCount();
System.out.println("============================");
while (rs.next()) {
for (int i = 1; i <= col; i++) {
System.out.print(rs.getObject(i));
}
System.out.println("");
}
System.out.println("============================");
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
//close resources
}
}
源码解析
postgresql-9.4.1212.jre7-sources.jar!/org/postgresql/jdbc/PgPreparedStatement.java
/*
* A Prepared SQL query is executed and its ResultSet is returned
*
* @return a ResultSet that contains the data produced by the * query - never null
*
* @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs
*/
public java.sql.ResultSet executeQuery() throws SQLException {
if (!executeWithFlags(0)) {
throw new PSQLException(GT.tr("No results were returned by the query."), PSQLState.NO_DATA);
}
if (result.getNext() != null) {
throw new PSQLException(GT.tr("Multiple ResultSets were returned by the query."),
PSQLState.TOO_MANY_RESULTS);
}
return result.getResultSet();
}
executeQuery首先调用executeWithFlags方法，源码里头直接写在if里头的，这个不是推荐的方式，因为放在if比较容易忽略。
- executeWithFlags
public boolean executeWithFlags(int flags) throws SQLException {
try {
checkClosed();
if (connection.getPreferQueryMode() == PreferQueryMode.SIMPLE) {
flags |= QueryExecutor.QUERY_EXECUTE_AS_SIMPLE;
}
execute(preparedQuery, preparedParameters, flags);
return (result != null && result.getResultSet() != null);
} finally {
defaultTimeZone = null;
}
}
protected final void execute(CachedQuery cachedQuery, ParameterList queryParameters, int flags)
throws SQLException {
try {
executeInternal(cachedQuery, queryParameters, flags);
} catch (SQLException e) {
// Don't retry composite queries as it might get partially executed
if (cachedQuery.query.getSubqueries() != null
|| !connection.getQueryExecutor().willHealOnRetry(e)) {
throw e;
}
cachedQuery.query.close();
// Execute the query one more time
executeInternal(cachedQuery, queryParameters, flags);
}
}
这里又调用execute方法，在调用executeInternal
executeInternal
postgresql-9.4.1212.jre7-sources.jar!/org/postgresql/jdbc/PgPreparedStatement.java
private void executeInternal(CachedQuery cachedQuery, ParameterList queryParameters, int flags)
throws SQLException {
closeForNextExecution();
// Enable cursor-based resultset if possible.
if (fetchSize > 0 && !wantsScrollableResultSet() && !connection.getAutoCommit()
&& !wantsHoldableResultSet()) {
flags |= QueryExecutor.QUERY_FORWARD_CURSOR;
}
if (wantsGeneratedKeysOnce || wantsGeneratedKeysAlways) {
flags |= QueryExecutor.QUERY_BOTH_ROWS_AND_STATUS;
// If the no results flag is set (from executeUpdate)
// clear it so we get the generated keys results.
//
if ((flags & QueryExecutor.QUERY_NO_RESULTS) != 0) {
flags &= ~(QueryExecutor.QUERY_NO_RESULTS);
}
}
if (isOneShotQuery(cachedQuery)) {
flags |= QueryExecutor.QUERY_ONESHOT;
}
// Only use named statements after we hit the threshold. Note that only
// named statements can be transferred in binary format.
if (connection.getAutoCommit()) {
flags |= QueryExecutor.QUERY_SUPPRESS_BEGIN;
}
// updateable result sets do not yet support binary updates
if (concurrency != ResultSet.CONCUR_READ_ONLY) {
flags |= QueryExecutor.QUERY_NO_BINARY_TRANSFER;
}
Query queryToExecute = cachedQuery.query;
if (queryToExecute.isEmpty()) {
flags |= QueryExecutor.QUERY_SUPPRESS_BEGIN;
}
if (!queryToExecute.isStatementDescribed() && forceBinaryTransfers
&& (flags & QueryExecutor.QUERY_EXECUTE_AS_SIMPLE) == 0) {
// Simple 'Q' execution does not need to know parameter types
// When binaryTransfer is forced, then we need to know resulting parameter and column types,
// thus sending a describe request.
int flags2 = flags | QueryExecutor.QUERY_DESCRIBE_ONLY;
StatementResultHandler handler2 = new StatementResultHandler();
connection.getQueryExecutor().execute(queryToExecute, queryParameters, handler2, 0, 0,
flags2);
ResultWrapper result2 = handler2.getResults();
if (result2 != null) {
result2.getResultSet().close();
}
}
StatementResultHandler handler = new StatementResultHandler();
result = null;
try {
startTimer();
connection.getQueryExecutor().execute(queryToExecute, queryParameters, handler, maxrows,
fetchSize, flags);
} finally {
killTimerTask();
}
result = firstUnclosedResult = handler.getResults();
if (wantsGeneratedKeysOnce || wantsGeneratedKeysAlways) {
generatedKeys = result;
result = result.getNext();
if (wantsGeneratedKeysOnce) {
wantsGeneratedKeysOnce = false;
}
}
}
主要看这段
connection.getQueryExecutor().execute(queryToExecute, queryParameters, handler, maxrows,
fetchSize, flags);
通过把fetchSize传递进去，拉取指定大小的result
最后调用sendExecute以及processResults方法来拉取数据 postgresql-9.4.1212.jre7-sources.jar!/org/postgresql/core/v3/QueryExecutorImpl.java
private void sendExecute(SimpleQuery query, Portal portal, int limit) throws IOException {
//
// Send Execute.
//
if (logger.logDebug()) {
logger.debug(" FE=> Execute(portal=" + portal + ",limit=" + limit + ")");
}
byte[] encodedPortalName = (portal == null ? null : portal.getEncodedPortalName());
int encodedSize = (encodedPortalName == null ? 0 : encodedPortalName.length);
// Total size = 4 (size field) + 1 + N (source portal) + 4 (max rows)
pgStream.sendChar('E'); // Execute
pgStream.sendInteger4(4 + 1 + encodedSize + 4); // message size
if (encodedPortalName != null) {
pgStream.send(encodedPortalName); // portal name
}
pgStream.sendChar(0); // portal name terminator
pgStream.sendInteger4(limit); // row limit
pendingExecuteQueue.add(new ExecuteRequest(query, portal, false));
}
protected void processResults(ResultHandler handler, int flags) throws IOException {
boolean noResults = (flags & QueryExecutor.QUERY_NO_RESULTS) != 0;
boolean bothRowsAndStatus = (flags & QueryExecutor.QUERY_BOTH_ROWS_AND_STATUS) != 0;
List<byte[][]> tuples = null;
int c;
boolean endQuery = false;
// At the end of a command execution we have the CommandComplete
// message to tell us we're done, but with a describeOnly command
// we have no real flag to let us know we're done. We've got to
// look for the next RowDescription or NoData message and return
// from there.
boolean doneAfterRowDescNoData = false;
while (!endQuery) {
c = pgStream.receiveChar();
switch (c) {
case 'A': // Asynchronous Notify
receiveAsyncNotify();
break;
case '1': // Parse Complete (response to Parse)
pgStream.receiveInteger4(); // len, discarded
SimpleQuery parsedQuery = pendingParseQueue.removeFirst();
String parsedStatementName = parsedQuery.getStatementName();
//...
}
}
}
next
postgresql-9.4.1212.jre7-sources.jar!/org/postgresql/jdbc/PgResultSet.java
public boolean next() throws SQLException {
checkClosed();
if (onInsertRow) {
throw new PSQLException(GT.tr("Can''t use relative move methods while on the insert row."),
PSQLState.INVALID_CURSOR_STATE);
}
if (current_row + 1 >= rows.size()) {
if (cursor == null || (maxRows > 0 && row_offset + rows.size() >= maxRows)) {
current_row = rows.size();
this_row = null;
rowBuffer = null;
return false; // End of the resultset.
}
// Ask for some more data.
row_offset += rows.size(); // We are discarding some data.
int fetchRows = fetchSize;
if (maxRows != 0) {
if (fetchRows == 0 || row_offset + fetchRows > maxRows) {
// Fetch would exceed maxRows, limit it.
fetchRows = maxRows - row_offset;
}
}
// Execute the fetch and update this resultset.
connection.getQueryExecutor().fetch(cursor, new CursorResultHandler(), fetchRows);
current_row = 0;
// Test the new rows array.
if (rows.isEmpty()) {
this_row = null;
rowBuffer = null;
return false;
}
} else {
current_row++;
}
initRowBuffer();
return true;
}
next方法可以看到，首先判断current_row + 1是否小于rows.size()，小于的话，那就current_row++；否则表示这一批fetchSize的数据被消费完了，需要判断是否结束或者拉取下一批数据，之后更新current_row
connection.getQueryExecutor().fetch(cursor, new CursorResultHandler(), fetchRows);
这个方法拉取fetchRows条数的下一批数据
- initRowBuffer
private void initRowBuffer() {
this_row = rows.get(current_row);
// We only need a copy of the current row if we're going to
// modify it via an updatable resultset.
if (resultsetconcurrency == ResultSet.CONCUR_UPDATABLE) {
rowBuffer = new byte[this_row.length][];
System.arraycopy(this_row, 0, rowBuffer, 0, this_row.length);
} else {
rowBuffer = null;
}
}
这就是next移动之后，把要消费的这行数据放到rowBuffer里头。
小结
对于查询数据量大的场景下，非常有必要设置fetchSize，否则全量拉取很容易OOM，但是使用fetchSize的时候，要求数据能够在遍历resultSet的时候及时处理，而不是收集完所有数据返回回去再去处理。
doc
- pgjdbc-REL9.4.1212
- jdbc-postgresql-query
- 正确使用MySQL JDBC setFetchSize()方法解决JDBC处理大结果集 java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Java heap space
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