Python 玩出花儿了！一文教你用 Python 制作吃豆人游戏！ | 附代码

作者 | 李秋键

责编 | Carol

封图 | CSDN 下载自视觉中国

近几年来Python语言得到了快速发展，而Pygame作为Python开发应用和游戏必备的库更是展现了Python的优越性。

而今天我们就将借助Pygame建立吃豆人游戏。

吃豆人是电子游戏历史上的经典街机游戏，由Namco公司的岩谷彻设计并由Midway Games在1980年发行 。Pac-Man被认为是80年代最经典的街机游戏之一，游戏的主角小精灵的形象甚至被作为一种大众文化符号，或是此产业的代表形象。

而Pygame模块是跨平台Python模块，专为电子游戏设计，包含图像、声音。建立在SDL基础上，允许实时电子游戏研发而无需被低级语言(如机器语言和汇编语言)束缚。

最终游戏效果如下可见：

一、实验前的准备

首先我们使用的python版本是3.6.5所用到的模块是pygame模块，用来创建游戏框架。Random模块用来随机生成方向。

素材准备

首先我们将图片放到images目录下，背景音乐放到sounds目录下。

如下图可见：

游戏搭建

1、定义一些精灵：

整体的类变量定义包括墙类，通过pygame的图片填充作为墙类的加载；同理还包括食物类和角色。而怪物的随机运动使用random产生随机运动方向。

其对应的代码如下：

import random
import pygame
'''墙类'''
class Wall(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
    def __init__(self, x, y, width, height, color, **kwargs):
        pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
        self.image = pygame.Surface([width, height])
        self.image.fill(color)
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
        self.rect.left = x
        self.rect.top = y
'''食物类'''
class Food(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
    def __init__(self, x, y, width, height, color, bg_color, **kwargs):
        pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
        self.image = pygame.Surface([width, height])
        self.image.fill(bg_color)
        self.image.set_colorkey(bg_color)
        pygame.draw.ellipse(self.image, color, [0, 0, width, height])
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
        self.rect.left = x
        self.rect.top = y
'''角色类'''
class Player(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
    def __init__(self, x, y, role_image_path):
        pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
        self.role_name = role_image_path.split('/')[-1].split('.')[0]
        self.base_image = pygame.image.load(role_image_path).convert()
        self.image = self.base_image.copy()
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
        self.rect.left = x
        self.rect.top = y
        self.prev_x = x
        self.prev_y = y
        self.base_speed = [30, 30]
        self.speed = [0, 0]
        self.is_move = False
        self.tracks = []
        self.tracks_loc = [0, 0]
    '''改变速度方向'''
    def changeSpeed(self, direction):
        if direction[0] < 0:
            self.image = pygame.transform.flip(self.base_image, True, False)
        elif direction[0] > 0:
            self.image = self.base_image.copy()
        elif direction[1] < 0:
            self.image = pygame.transform.rotate(self.base_image, 90)
        elif direction[1] > 0:
            self.image = pygame.transform.rotate(self.base_image, -90)
        self.speed = [direction[0] * self.base_speed[0], direction[1] * self.base_speed[1]]
        return self.speed
    '''更新角色位置'''
    def update(self, wall_sprites, gate_sprites):
        if not self.is_move:
            return False
        x_prev = self.rect.left
        y_prev = self.rect.top
        self.rect.left += self.speed[0]
        self.rect.top += self.speed[1]
        is_collide = pygame.sprite.spritecollide(self, wall_sprites, False)
        if gate_sprites is not None:
            if not is_collide:
                is_collide = pygame.sprite.spritecollide(self, gate_sprites, False)
        if is_collide:
            self.rect.left = x_prev
            self.rect.top = y_prev
            return False
        return True
    '''生成随机的方向'''
    def randomDirection(self):
        return random.choice([[-0.5, 0], [0.5, 0], [0, 0.5], [0, -0.5]])

2、游戏关卡定义：

在这里设置好了关卡一。关卡的定义必须包括墙的位置，不同关卡墙的位置和怪物的位置不同。更多关卡可以参照设置

对应代码如下：

import pygame
from Sprites import *
NUMLEVELS = 1
'''关卡一'''
class Level1():
    def __init__(self):
        self.info = 'level1'
    '''创建墙'''
    def setupWalls(self, wall_color):
        self.wall_sprites = pygame.sprite.Group()
        wall_positions = [[0, 0, 6, 600],
                          [0, 0, 600, 6],
                          [0, 600, 606, 6],
                          [600, 0, 6, 606],
                          [300, 0, 6, 66],
                          [60, 60, 186, 6],
                          [360, 60, 186, 6],
                          [60, 120, 66, 6],
                          [60, 120, 6, 126],
                          [180, 120, 246, 6],
                          [300, 120, 6, 66],
                          [480, 120, 66, 6],
                          [540, 120, 6, 126],
                          [120, 180, 126, 6],
                          [120, 180, 6, 126],
                          [360, 180, 126, 6],
                          [480, 180, 6, 126],
                          [180, 240, 6, 126],
                          [180, 360, 246, 6],
                          [420, 240, 6, 126],
                          [240, 240, 42, 6],
                          [324, 240, 42, 6],
                          [240, 240, 6, 66],
                          [240, 300, 126, 6],
                          [360, 240, 6, 66],
                          [0, 300, 66, 6],
                          [540, 300, 66, 6],
                          [60, 360, 66, 6],
                          [60, 360, 6, 186],
                          [480, 360, 66, 6],
                          [540, 360, 6, 186],
                          [120, 420, 366, 6],
                          [120, 420, 6, 66],
                          [480, 420, 6, 66],
                          [180, 480, 246, 6],
                          [300, 480, 6, 66],
                          [120, 540, 126, 6],
                          [360, 540, 126, 6]]
        for wall_position in wall_positions:
            wall = Wall(*wall_position, wall_color)
            self.wall_sprites.add(wall)
        return self.wall_sprites
    '''创建门'''
    def setupGate(self, gate_color):
        self.gate_sprites = pygame.sprite.Group()
        self.gate_sprites.add(Wall(282, 242, 42, 2, gate_color))
        return self.gate_sprites
    '''创建角色'''
    def setupPlayers(self, hero_image_path, ghost_images_path):
        self.hero_sprites = pygame.sprite.Group()
        self.ghost_sprites = pygame.sprite.Group()
        self.hero_sprites.add(Player(287, 439, hero_image_path))
        for each in ghost_images_path:
            role_name = each.split('/')[-1].split('.')[0]
            if role_name == 'Blinky':
                player = Player(287, 199, each)
                player.is_move = True
                player.tracks = [[0, -0.5, 4], [0.5, 0, 9], [0, 0.5, 11], [0.5, 0, 3], [0, 0.5, 7], [-0.5, 0, 11], [0, 0.5, 3],
                                 [0.5, 0, 15], [0, -0.5, 15], [0.5, 0, 3], [0, -0.5, 11], [-0.5, 0, 3], [0, -0.5, 11], [-0.5, 0, 3],
                                 [0, -0.5, 3], [-0.5, 0, 7], [0, -0.5, 3], [0.5, 0, 15], [0, 0.5, 15], [-0.5, 0, 3], [0, 0.5, 3],
                                 [-0.5, 0, 3], [0, -0.5, 7], [-0.5, 0, 3], [0, 0.5, 7], [-0.5, 0, 11], [0, -0.5, 7], [0.5, 0, 5]]
                self.ghost_sprites.add(player)
            elif role_name == 'Clyde':
                player = Player(319, 259, each)
                player.is_move = True
                player.tracks = [[-1, 0, 2], [0, -0.5, 4], [0.5, 0, 5], [0, 0.5, 7], [-0.5, 0, 11], [0, -0.5, 7],
                                 [-0.5, 0, 3], [0, 0.5, 7], [-0.5, 0, 7], [0, 0.5, 15], [0.5, 0, 15], [0, -0.5, 3],
                                 [-0.5, 0, 11], [0, -0.5, 7], [0.5, 0, 3], [0, -0.5, 11], [0.5, 0, 9]]
                self.ghost_sprites.add(player)
            elif role_name == 'Inky':
                player = Player(255, 259, each)
                player.is_move = True
                player.tracks = [[1, 0, 2], [0, -0.5, 4], [0.5, 0, 10], [0, 0.5, 7], [0.5, 0, 3], [0, -0.5, 3],
                                 [0.5, 0, 3], [0, -0.5, 15], [-0.5, 0, 15], [0, 0.5, 3], [0.5, 0, 15], [0, 0.5, 11],
                                 [-0.5, 0, 3], [0, -0.5, 7], [-0.5, 0, 11], [0, 0.5, 3], [-0.5, 0, 11], [0, 0.5, 7],
                                 [-0.5, 0, 3], [0, -0.5, 3], [-0.5, 0, 3], [0, -0.5, 15], [0.5, 0, 15], [0, 0.5, 3],
                                 [-0.5, 0, 15], [0, 0.5, 11], [0.5, 0, 3], [0, -0.5, 11], [0.5, 0, 11], [0, 0.5, 3], [0.5, 0, 1]]
                self.ghost_sprites.add(player)
            elif role_name == 'Pinky':
                player = Player(287, 259, each)
                player.is_move = True
                player.tracks = [[0, -1, 4], [0.5, 0, 9], [0, 0.5, 11], [-0.5, 0, 23], [0, 0.5, 7], [0.5, 0, 3],
                                 [0, -0.5, 3], [0.5, 0, 19], [0, 0.5, 3], [0.5, 0, 3], [0, 0.5, 3], [0.5, 0, 3],
                                 [0, -0.5, 15], [-0.5, 0, 7], [0, 0.5, 3], [-0.5, 0, 19], [0, -0.5, 11], [0.5, 0, 9]]
                self.ghost_sprites.add(player)
        return self.hero_sprites, self.ghost_sprites
    '''创建食物'''
    def setupFood(self, food_color, bg_color):
        self.food_sprites = pygame.sprite.Group()
        for row in range(19):
            for col in range(19):
                if (row == 7 or row == 8) and (col == 8 or col == 9 or col == 10):
                    continue
                else:
                    food = Food(30*col+32, 30*row+32, 4, 4, food_color, bg_color)
                    is_collide = pygame.sprite.spritecollide(food, self.wall_sprites, False)
                    if is_collide:
                        continue
                    is_collide = pygame.sprite.spritecollide(food, self.hero_sprites, False)
                    if is_collide:
                        continue
                    self.food_sprites.add(food)
        return self.food_sprites

3、游戏创建：

在通过关卡定义墙等位置后以及精灵自身属性怪物运动、食物定义等后，通过调用已经创建好的类达到搭建游戏的目的。

具体如下可见：

import os
import sys
import pygame
import Levels
'''定义一些必要的参数'''
BLACK = (0, 0, 0)
WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
BLUE = (0, 0, 255)
GREEN = (0, 255, 0)
RED = (255, 0, 0)
YELLOW = (255, 255, 0)
PURPLE = (255, 0, 255)
SKYBLUE = (0, 191, 255)
BGMPATH = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'resources/sounds/bg.mp3')
ICONPATH = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'resources/images/icon.png')
FONTPATH = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'resources/font/ALGER.TTF')
HEROPATH = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'resources/images/pacman.png')
BlinkyPATH = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'resources/images/Blinky.png')
ClydePATH = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'resources/images/Clyde.png')
InkyPATH = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'resources/images/Inky.png')
PinkyPATH = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'resources/images/Pinky.png')
'''开始某一关游戏'''
def startLevelGame(level, screen, font):
    clock = pygame.time.Clock()
    SCORE = 0
    wall_sprites = level.setupWalls(SKYBLUE)
    gate_sprites = level.setupGate(WHITE)
    hero_sprites, ghost_sprites = level.setupPlayers(HEROPATH, [BlinkyPATH, ClydePATH, InkyPATH, PinkyPATH])
    food_sprites = level.setupFood(YELLOW, WHITE)
    is_clearance = False
    while True:
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                sys.exit(-1)
                pygame.quit()
            if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
                if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
                    for hero in hero_sprites:
                        hero.changeSpeed([-1, 0])
                        hero.is_move = True
                elif event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
                    for hero in hero_sprites:
                        hero.changeSpeed([1, 0])
                        hero.is_move = True
                elif event.key == pygame.K_UP:
                    for hero in hero_sprites:
                        hero.changeSpeed([0, -1])
                        hero.is_move = True
                elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:
                    for hero in hero_sprites:
                        hero.changeSpeed([0, 1])
                        hero.is_move = True
            if event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
                if (event.key == pygame.K_LEFT) or (event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT) or (event.key == pygame.K_UP) or (event.key == pygame.K_DOWN):
                    hero.is_move = False
        screen.fill(BLACK)
        for hero in hero_sprites:
            hero.update(wall_sprites, gate_sprites)
        hero_sprites.draw(screen)
        for hero in hero_sprites:
            food_eaten = pygame.sprite.spritecollide(hero, food_sprites, True)
        SCORE += len(food_eaten)
        wall_sprites.draw(screen)
        gate_sprites.draw(screen)
        food_sprites.draw(screen)
        for ghost in ghost_sprites:
            # 幽灵随机运动(效果不好且有BUG)
            '''
            res = ghost.update(wall_sprites, None)
            while not res:
                ghost.changeSpeed(ghost.randomDirection())
                res = ghost.update(wall_sprites, None)
            '''
            # 指定幽灵运动路径
            if ghost.tracks_loc[1] < ghost.tracks[ghost.tracks_loc[0]][2]:
                ghost.changeSpeed(ghost.tracks[ghost.tracks_loc[0]][0: 2])
                ghost.tracks_loc[1] += 1
            else:
                if ghost.tracks_loc[0] < len(ghost.tracks) - 1:
                    ghost.tracks_loc[0] += 1
                elif ghost.role_name == 'Clyde':
                    ghost.tracks_loc[0] = 2
                else:
                    ghost.tracks_loc[0] = 0
                ghost.changeSpeed(ghost.tracks[ghost.tracks_loc[0]][0: 2])
                ghost.tracks_loc[1] = 0
            if ghost.tracks_loc[1] < ghost.tracks[ghost.tracks_loc[0]][2]:
                ghost.changeSpeed(ghost.tracks[ghost.tracks_loc[0]][0: 2])
            else:
                if ghost.tracks_loc[0] < len(ghost.tracks) - 1:
                    loc0 = ghost.tracks_loc[0] + 1
                elif ghost.role_name == 'Clyde':
                    loc0 = 2
                else:
                    loc0 = 0
                ghost.changeSpeed(ghost.tracks[loc0][0: 2])
            ghost.update(wall_sprites, None)
        ghost_sprites.draw(screen)
        score_text = font.render("Score: %s" % SCORE, True, RED)
        screen.blit(score_text, [10, 10])
        if len(food_sprites) == 0:
            is_clearance = True
            break
        if pygame.sprite.groupcollide(hero_sprites, ghost_sprites, False, False):
            is_clearance = False
            break
        pygame.display.flip()
        clock.tick(10)
    return is_clearance
'''显示文字'''
def showText(screen, font, is_clearance, flag=False):
    clock = pygame.time.Clock()
    msg = 'Game Over!' if not is_clearance else 'Congratulations, you won!'
    positions = [[235, 233], [65, 303], [170, 333]] if not is_clearance else [[145, 233], [65, 303], [170, 333]]
    surface = pygame.Surface((400, 200))
    surface.set_alpha(10)
    surface.fill((128, 128, 128))
    screen.blit(surface, (100, 200))
    texts = [font.render(msg, True, WHITE),
             font.render('Press ENTER to continue or play again.', True, WHITE),
             font.render('Press ESCAPE to quit.', True, WHITE)]
    while True:
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                sys.exit()
                pygame.quit()
            if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
                if event.key == pygame.K_RETURN:
                    if is_clearance:
                        if not flag:
                            return
                        else:
                            main(initialize())
                    else:
                        main(initialize())
                elif event.key == pygame.K_ESCAPE:
                    sys.exit()
                    pygame.quit()
        for idx, (text, position) in enumerate(zip(texts, positions)):
            screen.blit(text, position)
        pygame.display.flip()
        clock.tick(10)
'''初始化'''
def initialize():
    pygame.init()
    icon_image = pygame.image.load(ICONPATH)
    pygame.display.set_icon(icon_image)
    screen = pygame.display.set_mode([606, 606])
    pygame.display.set_caption('吃豆人')
    return screen
'''主函数'''
def main(screen):
    pygame.mixer.init()
    pygame.mixer.music.load(BGMPATH)
    pygame.mixer.music.play(-1, 0.0)
    pygame.font.init()
    font_small = pygame.font.Font(FONTPATH, 18)
    font_big = pygame.font.Font(FONTPATH, 24)
    for num_level in range(1, Levels.NUMLEVELS+1):
        if num_level == 1:
            level = Levels.Level1()
            is_clearance = startLevelGame(level, screen, font_small)
            if num_level == Levels.NUMLEVELS:
                showText(screen, font_big, is_clearance, True)
            else:
                showText(screen, font_big, is_clearance)

最终运行程序结果如下：

源码地址：

https://pan.baidu.com/s/128id8L-PDPgGOPuH-5uHDg

提取码：rj9f

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