内容简介:01Python基础_09异常
1. try & except
原程序:
1 import math
2
3 while True:
4 text = raw_input('> ')
5 if text[0] == 'q':
6 break
7 x = float(text)
8 y = math.log10(x)
9 print "log10({0}) = {1}".format(x, y)
View Code
这段代码接收命令行的输入,当输入为数字时,计算它的对数并输出,直到输入值为 q
为止。
但是当输入0或者负数时,会报错。
修改后的程序:
import math
while True:
try:
text = raw_input('> ')
if text[0] == 'q':
break
x = float(text)
y = math.log10(x)
print "log10({0}) = {1}".format(x, y)
except ValueError:
print "the value must be greater than 0"
View Code
一旦 try
块中的内容出现了异常,那么 try
块后面的内容会被忽略, Python
会寻找 except
里面有没有对应的内容,如果找到,就执行对应的块,没有则抛出这个异常。
运行结果:
> -1 the value must be greater than 0 > 0 the value must be greater than 0 > 1 log10(1.0) = 0.0 > q View Code
捕捉所有类型错误:
将 except
的值改成 Exception
类,来捕获所有的异常。
import math
while True:
try:
text = raw_input('> ')
if text[0] == 'q':
break
x = float(text)
y = 1 / math.log10(x)
print "1 / log10({0}) = {1}".format(x, y)
except Exception:
print "invalid value"
View Code
运行结果:
> 1 invalid value > 0 invalid value > -1 invalid value > 2 1 / log10(2.0) = 3.32192809489 > q View Code
进一步完善后的程序:
import math
while True:
try:
text = raw_input('> ')
if text[0] == 'q':
break
x = float(text)
y = 1 / math.log10(x)
print "1 / log10({0}) = {1}".format(x, y)
except ValueError:
print "the value must be greater than 0"
except ZeroDivisionError:
print "the value must not be 1"
except Exception:
print "unexpected error"
View Code
运行结果:
> 1 the value must not be 1 > -1 the value must be greater than 0 > 0 the value must be greater than 0 > q View Code
2. finally
不管 try 块有没有异常, finally 块的内容总是会被执行,而且会在抛出异常前执行,因此可以用来作为安全保证,比如确保打开的文件被关闭。
try:
print 1 / 0
finally:
print 'finally was called.'
out: finally was called.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ZeroDivisionError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-13-87ecdf8b9265> in <module>()
1 try:
----> 2 print 1 / 0
3 finally:
4 print 'finally was called.'
ZeroDivisionError: integer division or modulo by zero
如果异常被捕获了,在最后执行:
try:
print 1 / 0
except ZeroDivisionError:
print 'divide by 0.'
finally:
print 'finally was called.'
out: divide by 0.
finally was called.
View Code
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