内容简介:操作Elasticsearch的客户端有很多,SpringBoot也提供了方式去操作,这里介绍另外一种方式去使用Elasticsearch —JestClient是一款基于HTTP方式操作的Elasticsearch的客户端,支持同步和异步操作,同时也可以结合ElasticSearch的依赖进行操作Elasticsearch。
1.Jest介绍
操作Elasticsearch的客户端有很多,SpringBoot也提供了方式去操作,这里介绍另外一种方式去使用Elasticsearch — JestClient
JestClient是一款基于HTTP方式操作的Elasticsearch的客户端,支持同步和异步操作,同时也可以结合ElasticSearch的依赖进行操作Elasticsearch。
支持多个版本的Elasticsearch,如下:
Jest Version | Elasticsearch Version |
---|---|
>= 6.0.0 | 6 |
>= 5.0.0 | 5 |
>= 2.0.0 | 2 |
0.1.0 - 1.0.0 | 1 |
<= 0.0.6 | < 1 |
更多信息可以查看github,地址是: https://github.com/searchbox-io/Jest
2.SpringBoot整合JestClient
接下来介绍如何在SpringBoot中使用JestClient操作Elasticsearch。
2.1 前置工作
首先启动Elasticsearch,我这里是在本地启动的Elasticsearch,版本是6.8.2,为了方便查看数据,这里使用Elasticsearch-Head插件,如下图所示。
2.2 添加Jest依赖
创建项目,在pom文件中加入Jest依赖(这里根据上面版本对应添加依赖),这里额外添加量了elasticsearch和lombok为了方便操作,如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.dalaoyang</groupId> <artifactId>springboot_jestclient</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <name>springboot_jestclient</name> <description>springboot_jestclient</description> <properties> <java.version>1.8</java.version> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding> <spring-boot.version>2.2.6.RELEASE</spring-boot.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> <exclusions> <exclusion> <groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId> <artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId> </exclusion> </exclusions> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>io.searchbox</groupId> <artifactId>jest</artifactId> <version>6.3.1</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId> <artifactId>lombok</artifactId> <version>1.16.10</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.elasticsearch</groupId> <artifactId>elasticsearch</artifactId> <version>6.8.2</version> </dependency> </dependencies> <dependencyManagement> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId> <version>${spring-boot.version}</version> <type>pom</type> <scope>import</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> </dependencyManagement> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> <configuration> <source>1.8</source> <target>1.8</target> <encoding>UTF-8</encoding> </configuration> </plugin> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.2.6.RELEASE</version> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>
2.3 配置文件
在配置文件中添加elasticsearch相关配置,其中uris配置Elasticsearch的HTTP端口,如本文添加的配置:
spring.application.name=springboot_jestclient # 应用服务web访问端口 server.port=8888 spring.elasticsearch.rest.uris=http://localhost:9200 spring.elasticsearch.jest.username=elastic spring.elasticsearch.jest.password=elastic
到这里其实已经整合完成了,是不是非常简单?
3.Elasticsearch基本操作
接下介绍如何操作Elasticsearch,这里分别介绍如下几部分内容:
- 索引文档
- 索引类操作
- 文档类操作
- 查询操作
3.1 文档实体
这里创建一个Book文档做为示例,其中@JestId为文档id,即Elasticsearch中的_id字段,本文BookDocument内容如下:
package com.dalaoyang.document; import io.searchbox.annotations.JestId; import lombok.AllArgsConstructor; import lombok.Builder; import lombok.Data; import lombok.NoArgsConstructor; @Data @Builder @AllArgsConstructor @NoArgsConstructor public class BookDocument { @JestId private String id; private String bookName; private String bookAuthor; private Integer pages; private String desc; }
为了方便操作,这里创建了一个request对象进行操作,如下:
package com.dalaoyang.model; import com.dalaoyang.document.BookDocument; import lombok.AllArgsConstructor; import lombok.Builder; import lombok.Data; import lombok.NoArgsConstructor; @Data @Builder @AllArgsConstructor @NoArgsConstructor public class BookRequest { //删除文档用 private String id; //查询用 private String keyword; private String indexName; private String typeName; //新增文档用 private BookDocument body; }
在使用相关操作时,其实都是通过io.searchbox.client.JestClient#execute来进行操作(需要注意,这里没有对JestClient进行配置,只是使用的默认的配置),将对应动作当做参数传入,接下来介绍几个常用的动作。
3.2 索引类操作
结合 MySQL 来看的话,索引可以理解为一个数据库,索引相关的操作可能不是很多,这里介绍相对比较常用的是创建索引和删除索引,如下:
3.2.1 创建索引
CreateIndex createIndex = new CreateIndex.Builder(indexName).build();
3.2.2 删除索引
DeleteIndex deleteIndex = new DeleteIndex.Builder(indexName).build();
通过上面两个操作可以看到,都是通过使用对应的Index实体来操作对应实体,当然还有一些不是很常用的,如果有需要可以查看相关文档进行使用,这里不一一介绍了,完整s示例内容如下:
package com.dalaoyang.web; import io.searchbox.client.JestClient; import io.searchbox.client.JestResult; import io.searchbox.indices.CreateIndex; import io.searchbox.indices.DeleteIndex; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; @RestController public class IndexController { @Autowired private JestClient jestClient; @GetMapping("createIndex") public String createIndex(String indexName) throws Exception{ CreateIndex createIndex = new CreateIndex.Builder(indexName).build(); JestResult result = jestClient.execute(createIndex); return result.getJsonString(); } @GetMapping("deleteIndex") public String deleteIndex(String indexName) throws Exception{ DeleteIndex deleteIndex = new DeleteIndex.Builder(indexName).build(); JestResult result = jestClient.execute(deleteIndex); return result.getJsonString(); } }
3.3 文档类操作
文档相当于MySQL中的行记录,也就是说一条数据,由于新增和修改在同一个方法内,所以这里也是对新增(和修改)和删除方法进行介绍,如下:
3.3.1 新增或修改文档
首先会判断索引是否存在,不存在的话会根据索引文档进行创建索引,然后进行新增或修改操作,如果没有指定id的话(上文说的注解@JestId字段),会自动生成一个id。
Index.Builder builder = new Index.Builder(bookRequest.getBody()); Index index = builder.index(bookRequest.getIndexName()).type(bookRequest.getTypeName()).build();
这里使用新增文档创建三条数据方便后面查询,如下:
{ "indexName": "book", "typeName": "book", "body": {"id":"test0001","bookName":"数学书","bookAuthor":"复旦大学","pages":100,"desc":"复旦大学的数学书"} }
{ "indexName": "book", "typeName": "book", "body": {"id":"test0003","bookName":"语文书","bookAuthor":"北京大学","pages":100,"desc":"北京大学的语文书"} }
{ "indexName": "book", "typeName": "book", "body": {"id":"test0003","bookName":"英文书","bookAuthor":"清华大学","pages":200,"desc":"清华大学的英文书"} }
3.3.2 删除文档(根据id)
Delete index = new Delete.Builder(bookRequest.getId()).index(bookRequest.getIndexName()).type(bookRequest.getTypeName()).build();
完整示例内容如下:
package com.dalaoyang.web; import com.dalaoyang.model.BookRequest; import io.searchbox.client.JestClient; import io.searchbox.client.JestResult; import io.searchbox.core.Delete; import io.searchbox.core.Index; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; @RestController public class DocumentController { @Autowired private JestClient jestClient; @PostMapping("saveOrUpdateDocument") public String saveOrUpdateDocument(@RequestBody BookRequest bookRequest) throws Exception{ Index.Builder builder = new Index.Builder(bookRequest.getBody()); Index index = builder.index(bookRequest.getIndexName()).type(bookRequest.getTypeName()).build(); JestResult result = jestClient.execute(index); return result.getJsonString(); } @PostMapping("deleteDocumentById") public String deleteDocumentById(@RequestBody BookRequest bookRequest) throws Exception{ Delete index = new Delete.Builder(bookRequest.getId()).index(bookRequest.getIndexName()).type(bookRequest.getTypeName()).build(); JestResult result = jestClient.execute(index); return result.getJsonString(); } }
3.4 查询操作
查询操作可能是对Elasticsearch最需要使用的场景,这里举一个简单的场景,输入关键字,查询对应book文档,关键字匹配(bookName,bookAuthor,desc)三个字段,这里结合Elasticsearch官方依赖进行操作,完整示例如下:
package com.dalaoyang.web; import com.dalaoyang.model.BookRequest; import io.searchbox.client.JestClient; import io.searchbox.core.Search; import io.searchbox.core.SearchResult; import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import org.elasticsearch.index.query.MultiMatchQueryBuilder; import org.elasticsearch.search.builder.SearchSourceBuilder; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; @RestController @Slf4j public class QueryController { @Autowired private JestClient jestClient; @PostMapping("search") public String search(@RequestBody BookRequest bookRequest) throws Exception{ SearchSourceBuilder searchSourceBuilder = new SearchSourceBuilder(); searchSourceBuilder.query(new MultiMatchQueryBuilder(bookRequest.getKeyword(), "bookName","bookAuthor","desc")); log.info(searchSourceBuilder.toString()); SearchResult result = jestClient.execute(new Search.Builder(searchSourceBuilder.toString()) .addIndex(bookRequest.getIndexName()) .addType(bookRequest.getTypeName()) .build()); return result.getJsonString(); } }
比如这里搜索清华,这里我打印了一下查询语句,如下:
{ "query":{ "multi_match":{ "query":"清华", "fields":[ "bookAuthor^1.0", "bookName^1.0", "desc^1.0" ], "type":"best_fields", "operator":"OR", "slop":0, "prefix_length":0, "max_expansions":50, "zero_terms_query":"NONE", "auto_generate_synonyms_phrase_query":true, "fuzzy_transpositions":true, "boost":1 } } }
查询的结构只有一条,与在Elasticsearch-Head中查询一致,如图
4.一些建议
相关操作Elasticsearch的客户端有很多,这里就不做相关对比了,JestClient本人也在真实上线项目中使用过,这里只是在使用过几种的前提下做出几点建议:
- Elastic官方已经开始建议使用HTTP方式去操作Elasticsearch了
- 当初选择这种的原因是考虑到更好的去扩展版本,封装响应的操作类可以兼容更多的版本。
- 在高版本的Elasticsearch中,有一些文档类型的内容被单独抽离出来了,比如父子文档。
5.源码
源码地址: https://gitee.com/dalaoyang/springboot_learn/tree/master/springboot_jestclient
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