内容简介:Netty是Trustin Lee在2004年开发的一款高性能的网络应用程序框架。相比于JDK自带的NIO,Netty做了相当多的增强,且隔离了jdk nio的实现细节,API也比较友好,还支持流量整形等高级特性。在我们常见的一些开源项目中已经普遍的应用到了Netty,比如Dubbo、Elasticsearch、Zookeeper等。提示:因代码相对较多,这里只展示其主要部分,至于项目中用到的编解码器、工具类,请直接拉到最后下载源码!也欢迎顺手给个Star~以上介绍了Netty的基本用法,在代码中也做了一部
Netty是Trustin Lee在2004年开发的一款高性能的网络应用程序框架。相比于JDK自带的NIO,Netty做了相当多的增强,且隔离了jdk nio的实现细节,API也比较友好,还支持流量整形等高级特性。在我们常见的一些开源项目中已经普遍的应用到了Netty,比如Dubbo、Elasticsearch、Zookeeper等。
Netty的具体开发
提示:因代码相对较多,这里只展示其主要部分,至于项目中用到的编解码器、 工具 类,请直接拉到最后下载源码!也欢迎顺手给个Star~
需要的依赖
<dependency> <groupId>com.google.code.gson</groupId> <artifactId>gson</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId> <artifactId>lombok</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>io.dropwizard.metrics</groupId> <artifactId>metrics-core</artifactId> <version>4.1.1</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>io.dropwizard.metrics</groupId> <artifactId>metrics-jmx</artifactId> <version>4.1.1</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId> <artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>io.netty</groupId> <artifactId>netty-all</artifactId> <version>4.1.29.Final</version> </dependency>
Client端代码
package com.example.nettydemo.client; import com.example.nettydemo.client.codec.*; import com.example.nettydemo.client.codec.dispatcher.OperationResultFuture; import com.example.nettydemo.client.codec.dispatcher.RequestPendingCenter; import com.example.nettydemo.client.codec.dispatcher.ResponseDispatcherHandler; import com.example.nettydemo.common.RequestMessage; import com.example.nettydemo.common.string.StringOperation; import com.example.nettydemo.util.IdUtil; import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap; import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture; import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer; import io.netty.channel.ChannelPipeline; import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup; import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioChannelOption; import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel; import io.netty.handler.logging.LogLevel; import io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler; import javax.net.ssl.SSLException; import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException; public class Client { public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException, SSLException { Bootstrap bootstrap = new Bootstrap(); bootstrap.channel(NioSocketChannel.class); //客户端连接服务器最大允许时间,默认为30s bootstrap.option(NioChannelOption.CONNECT_TIMEOUT_MILLIS, 30 * 1000); //10s NioEventLoopGroup group = new NioEventLoopGroup(); try { bootstrap.group(group); RequestPendingCenter requestPendingCenter = new RequestPendingCenter(); LoggingHandler loggingHandler = new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.INFO); bootstrap.handler(new ChannelInitializer<NioSocketChannel>() { @Override protected void initChannel(NioSocketChannel ch) throws Exception { ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline(); pipeline.addLast(new FrameDecoder()); pipeline.addLast(new FrameEncoder()); pipeline.addLast(new ProtocolEncoder()); pipeline.addLast(new ProtocolDecoder()); pipeline.addLast(new ResponseDispatcherHandler(requestPendingCenter)); pipeline.addLast(new OperationToRequestMessageEncoder()); // pipeline.addLast(loggingHandler); } }); //连接服务 ChannelFuture channelFuture = bootstrap.connect("127.0.0.1", 8888); //因为future是异步执行,所以需要先连接上后,再进行下一步操作 channelFuture.sync(); long streamId = IdUtil.nextId(); /** * 发送数据测试,按照定义的规则组装数据 */ // OrderOperation orderOperation = new OrderOperation(1001, "你好啊,hi"); RequestMessage requestMessage = new RequestMessage(streamId, new StringOperation(1234, "你好啊,hi")); //将future放入center OperationResultFuture operationResultFuture = new OperationResultFuture(); requestPendingCenter.add(streamId, operationResultFuture); //发送消息 for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { channelFuture.channel().writeAndFlush(requestMessage); } //阻塞等待结果,结果来了之后会调用ResponseDispatcherHandler去set结果 // OperationResult operationResult = operationResultFuture.get(); // //将结果打印 // System.out.println("返回:"+operationResult); channelFuture.channel().closeFuture().get(); } finally { group.shutdownGracefully(); } } }
Server端代码
package com.example.nettydemo.server; import com.example.nettydemo.server.codec.FrameDecoder; import com.example.nettydemo.server.codec.FrameEncoder; import com.example.nettydemo.server.codec.ProtocolDecoder; import com.example.nettydemo.server.codec.ProtocolEncoder; import com.example.nettydemo.server.handler.MetricsHandler; import com.example.nettydemo.server.handler.ServerIdleCheckHandler; import com.example.nettydemo.server.handler.ServerProcessHandler; import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap; import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture; import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer; import io.netty.channel.ChannelPipeline; import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup; import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioChannelOption; import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel; import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel; import io.netty.handler.flush.FlushConsolidationHandler; import io.netty.handler.logging.LogLevel; import io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler; import io.netty.handler.traffic.GlobalTrafficShapingHandler; import io.netty.util.concurrent.DefaultThreadFactory; import io.netty.util.concurrent.UnorderedThreadPoolEventExecutor; import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import javax.net.ssl.SSLException; import java.security.cert.CertificateException; import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException; /** * netty server 入口 */ @Slf4j public class Server { public static void main(String... args) throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException, CertificateException, SSLException { ServerBootstrap serverBootstrap = new ServerBootstrap(); //设置channel模式,因为是server所以使用NioServerSocketChannel serverBootstrap.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class); //最大的等待连接数量 serverBootstrap.option(NioChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 1024); //设置是否启用 Nagle 算法:用将小的碎片数据连接成更大的报文 来提高发送效率。 //如果需要发送一些较小的报文,则需要禁用该算法 serverBootstrap.childOption(NioChannelOption.TCP_NODELAY, true); //设置netty自带的log,并设置级别 serverBootstrap.handler(new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.INFO)); //thread //用户指定线程名 NioEventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(0, new DefaultThreadFactory("boss")); NioEventLoopGroup workGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(0, new DefaultThreadFactory("worker")); UnorderedThreadPoolEventExecutor businessGroup = new UnorderedThreadPoolEventExecutor(10, new DefaultThreadFactory("business")); //只能使用一个线程,因GlobalTrafficShapingHandler比较轻量级 NioEventLoopGroup eventLoopGroupForTrafficShaping = new NioEventLoopGroup(0, new DefaultThreadFactory("TS")); try { //设置react方式 serverBootstrap.group(bossGroup, workGroup); //metrics MetricsHandler metricsHandler = new MetricsHandler(); //trafficShaping流量整形 //long writeLimit 写入时控制, long readLimit 读取时控制 具体设置看业务修改 GlobalTrafficShapingHandler globalTrafficShapingHandler = new GlobalTrafficShapingHandler(eventLoopGroupForTrafficShaping, 10 * 1024 * 1024, 10 * 1024 * 1024); //log LoggingHandler debugLogHandler = new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.DEBUG); LoggingHandler infoLogHandler = new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.INFO); //设置childHandler,按执行顺序放 serverBootstrap.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<NioSocketChannel>() { @Override protected void initChannel(NioSocketChannel ch) throws Exception { ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline(); pipeline.addLast("debugLog", debugLogHandler); pipeline.addLast("tsHandler", globalTrafficShapingHandler); pipeline.addLast("metricHandler", metricsHandler); pipeline.addLast("idleHandler", new ServerIdleCheckHandler()); pipeline.addLast("frameDecoder", new FrameDecoder()); pipeline.addLast("frameEncoder", new FrameEncoder()); pipeline.addLast("protocolDecoder", new ProtocolDecoder()); pipeline.addLast("protocolEncoder", new ProtocolEncoder()); pipeline.addLast("infoLog", infoLogHandler); //对flush增强,减少flush次数牺牲延迟增强吞吐量 pipeline.addLast("flushEnhance", new FlushConsolidationHandler(10, true)); //为业务处理指定单独的线程池 pipeline.addLast(businessGroup, new ServerProcessHandler());//businessGroup, } }); //绑定端口并阻塞启动 ChannelFuture channelFuture = serverBootstrap.bind(8888).sync(); channelFuture.channel().closeFuture().sync(); } finally { bossGroup.shutdownGracefully(); workGroup.shutdownGracefully(); businessGroup.shutdownGracefully(); eventLoopGroupForTrafficShaping.shutdownGracefully(); } } }
最后
以上介绍了Netty的基本用法,在代码中也做了一部分的关键注释,但可能还会有许多不足,也不可能满足所有人的要求,大家可根据自己的实际需求去改造此项目。附上源码地址 netty源码
以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持 码农网
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